定語(yǔ)從句糾錯(cuò)集錦

尹繼友

[成分重復(fù)類(lèi)]

The factory where we worked there last year was built in 1968. （F）

The factory where we worked last year was built in 1968. （T）

分析 別忘記定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞在從句中必定充當(dāng)某一成分。錯(cuò)誤句子中的關(guān)系副詞where在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，意為“在那個(gè)工廠”，再用there作狀語(yǔ)就重復(fù)了，必須刪去。

又例如：Who is the man （that） you talked to him just now？應(yīng)改為Who is the man that you talked to just now？that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，指代“那個(gè)人（the man）”，him是多余的。

[關(guān)系詞用錯(cuò)類(lèi)]

This is the right bookstore where we are looking for. （F）

This is the right bookstore which we are looking for. （T）

分析 要弄清關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。錯(cuò)誤句子中的關(guān)系詞應(yīng)指代bookstore， 在從句中作look for的賓語(yǔ)，而where在從句中只能作狀語(yǔ)，因而是錯(cuò)誤的。故關(guān)系副詞where應(yīng)改為關(guān)系代詞which。

又例如：This is the boy whom was praised by Mr. Jack yesterday.應(yīng)改為T(mén)his is the boy who was praised by Mr. Jack yesterday. （關(guān)系代詞在從句作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)把whom改為who。）

[主謂矛盾類(lèi)]

Can you show me the book which have been translated into English by Xiao Hong？ （F）

Can you show me the book which has been translated into English by Xiao Hong ？ （T）

分析 在定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)關(guān)系詞為主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須與先行詞相一致，而不是與主句的主語(yǔ)相一致。所以這里應(yīng)將have been translated改為has been translated。

[缺關(guān)系代詞類(lèi)]

The man is giving a report in our school is a scientist. （F）

The man who is giving a report in our school is a scientist. （T）

分析 犯這類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤有兩個(gè)原因：一是受漢語(yǔ)思維的影響，把英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)等同起來(lái)；二是沒(méi)有弄清關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不能省略這一規(guī)則。這里應(yīng)把作主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞who補(bǔ)上。

[漏掉介詞類(lèi)]

The woman whom I went to the concert is a singer. （F）

The woman with whom I went to the concert is a singer. （T）

分析 該句的漢語(yǔ)意思是：和我一起去音樂(lè)會(huì)的那位女士是一名歌手。根據(jù)句意，定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞whom應(yīng)作介詞with的賓語(yǔ)。如果漏掉介詞with，則關(guān)系代詞whom就無(wú)處可放，也無(wú)法解釋了。這是同學(xué)們常犯的錯(cuò)誤，必須得到高度重視。

又例如：The man whom I talked to you lives upstairs.應(yīng)改為T(mén)he man whom I talked to you about lives upstairs. （whom作talk about的賓語(yǔ)， 故about不能漏掉。

[詞語(yǔ)錯(cuò)位類(lèi)]

The room in that she lives is a large one. （F）

The room that she lives in is a large one. （T）

分析 在定語(yǔ)從句中，介詞不能置于關(guān)系代詞that之前。當(dāng)介詞放在從句后面時(shí)，that可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句，也可以省略。例如：This is the question that we have had so much discussion about.

注意 含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)一般不可坼開(kāi)。不能說(shuō)The book for which he is looking was given by my brother.而應(yīng)說(shuō)The book which he is looking for was given by my brother.與此不同的是，在一般情況下，定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞which和whom作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞是可以置于which和whom之前的。例如：

Do you know the comrade to whom she was talking？

The tool with which he is working is called a saw.