英籍導(dǎo)演拍攝《金子》電影版首映式為重慶直轄二十周年獻(xiàn)禮

□文/本刊記者 熊怡

英籍導(dǎo)演拍攝《金子》電影版首映式為重慶直轄二十周年獻(xiàn)禮

□文/本刊記者 熊怡

一個(gè)是中國(guó)的“川劇皇后”，一個(gè)是英國(guó)的知名導(dǎo)演；一個(gè)是傳統(tǒng)的戲曲藝術(shù)，一個(gè)是現(xiàn)代的電影理念；一個(gè)是“唱做念打”美麗不可方物，一個(gè)用最精準(zhǔn)的鏡頭捕捉最美的瞬間。

4月9日，國(guó)家舞臺(tái)藝術(shù)精品、蜚聲海外的川劇《金子》，迎來(lái)她的電影版開機(jī)儀式。接下來(lái)的10天，英國(guó)導(dǎo)演索尼婭·洛維特（Sonia Lovett）完成了在重慶的素材拍攝，返回英國(guó)后進(jìn)行為期兩個(gè)月的后期制作，預(yù)計(jì)6月中旬帶著戲曲藝術(shù)電影《金子》回到重慶，用首映式為重慶直轄二十周年獻(xiàn)禮。當(dāng)傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)遇上國(guó)際審美，川劇《金子》“從舞臺(tái)到熒幕”的蝶變，需要你帶著想象力來(lái)欣賞。

傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)與國(guó)際審美的跨界合作

川劇是中華民族傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)的瑰寶，也是首批國(guó)家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)，是中國(guó)戲曲重點(diǎn)劇種之一。重慶市川劇院經(jīng)典劇目《金子》改編自曹禺名著《原野》，自1997年首演以來(lái)，囊括了中國(guó)戲曲舞臺(tái)藝術(shù)的所有獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，曾榮獲首屆“國(guó)家舞臺(tái)藝術(shù)精品工程”十大精品劇目獎(jiǎng)、文化部首屆“十八臺(tái)優(yōu)秀保留劇目大獎(jiǎng)”第一名，被業(yè)內(nèi)公認(rèn)為“中國(guó)戲曲現(xiàn)代戲新的里程碑”。

演了20年的《金子》主角，當(dāng)代中國(guó)川劇領(lǐng)軍人物、著名川劇表演藝術(shù)家、“梅花大獎(jiǎng)”獲得者沈鐵梅，懷著對(duì)藝術(shù)至高無(wú)上的追求，不斷推動(dòng)川劇、推動(dòng)重慶文化攀登一個(gè)又一個(gè)高峰。在她的帶領(lǐng)下，重慶市川劇院經(jīng)過(guò)近兩年的精心籌劃，力圖將川劇傳統(tǒng)劇目《金子》打造成藝術(shù)品位高、感染力強(qiáng)的舞臺(tái)電影，擴(kuò)大國(guó)內(nèi)外影響力，弘揚(yáng)中國(guó)優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)，增強(qiáng)中國(guó)的文化自信。

戲曲藝術(shù)電影《金子》開機(jī)儀式。

為此，重慶市川劇院邀請(qǐng)英國(guó)索尼婭?洛維特導(dǎo)演團(tuán)隊(duì)，打造戲曲藝術(shù)電影《金子》，并請(qǐng)來(lái)荷蘭著名紀(jì)錄片導(dǎo)演弗蘭克·謝菲爾（Frank Scheffer）團(tuán)隊(duì)，拍攝電影版《金子》的“拍中拍”記錄片。如此高水準(zhǔn)的國(guó)際創(chuàng)作班底，將把經(jīng)典場(chǎng)面的臺(tái)前、幕后都完整記錄下來(lái)。同時(shí)，也將國(guó)寶級(jí)川劇藝術(shù)家的藝術(shù)形象和風(fēng)采保留下來(lái)。通過(guò)電影讓更多的觀眾了解川劇、了解重慶的地域文化。

→ 各大媒體熱切關(guān)注戲曲藝術(shù)電影《金子》。圖為央視記者訪問(wèn)重慶著名京劇表演藝術(shù)家、川劇《金子》主演沈鐵梅的父親沈福存。 攝影：熊怡

↓ 全劇6位演員平均年齡達(dá)到62歲，《金子》是這些老藝術(shù)家藝術(shù)巔峰的呈現(xiàn)。

此次電影版《金子》影視創(chuàng)作工作，把民族的、傳統(tǒng)的、富有地域特色的川劇文化寶藏發(fā)掘好、利用好，創(chuàng)作出既富有重慶特點(diǎn)又體現(xiàn)時(shí)代特色，并具有較高思想境界、獨(dú)具藝術(shù)魅力的川劇電影作品，打造成重慶文化的新名片。巧合的是，川劇傳統(tǒng)劇目《金子》與重慶直轄同歲，戲曲藝術(shù)電影《金子》也將向重慶直轄二十周年生日獻(xiàn)禮。

“我要讓電影版《金子》的觀眾感覺(jué)就像在劇場(chǎng)看戲”

電影版《金子》的導(dǎo)演索尼婭女士來(lái)自英國(guó)倫敦，她當(dāng)導(dǎo)演30多年，曾執(zhí)導(dǎo)過(guò)多部話劇、歌劇、芭蕾舞劇等作品，也為BBC、SKY、CNN等知名媒體錄制過(guò)多場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)。

2016年11月，重慶市川劇院與索尼婭導(dǎo)演就電影版《金子》進(jìn)行了第一次接觸和討論。索尼婭向媒體透露，她第一次拿到《金子》的劇本，就被它的故事深深地吸引。當(dāng)她聽到《金子》的精彩唱腔，以及極富節(jié)奏感的音樂(lè)，更是喜愛(ài)到無(wú)以復(fù)加。索尼婭高度評(píng)價(jià)《金子》的主演沈鐵梅：“她是一個(gè)用聲音塑造人物的藝術(shù)家，擁有一副出眾的嗓音，可以根據(jù)戲劇原有的結(jié)構(gòu)，在劇中融入自己的特色?！?/p>

索尼婭導(dǎo)演說(shuō)，所有戲劇的主題是全世界相通的，比如，“追求”“愛(ài)情”“希望”等等?！督鹱印返膭∏槭潜瘎∨c喜劇的結(jié)合，即便與西方歌劇在語(yǔ)言上存在著差異，其飽滿的敘事結(jié)構(gòu)和故事情節(jié)，也是所有優(yōu)秀戲劇的共同之處。

索尼婭導(dǎo)演接到這項(xiàng)拍攝任務(wù)的初衷，就想把中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)介紹給西方，讓更多的人了解川劇。她力求每一個(gè)拍攝機(jī)位，都能呈現(xiàn)最好的鏡頭美感，將《金子》的魅力毫無(wú)保留甚至錦上添花地呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)，“我要讓電影版《金子》的觀眾感覺(jué)就像在劇場(chǎng)看戲。”索尼婭說(shuō)。

但畢竟這是一場(chǎng)跨界藝術(shù)的跨國(guó)合作，語(yǔ)言成了索尼婭在創(chuàng)作分鏡頭腳本時(shí)的最大障礙?！耙?yàn)槁牪欢_(tái)詞，我很難把握哪一句臺(tái)詞該切換哪個(gè)機(jī)位或鏡頭?！彼髂釈I說(shuō)，為準(zhǔn)備分鏡頭腳本，她花費(fèi)了一個(gè)月的時(shí)間。依靠自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，通過(guò)觀看錄像帶資料，根據(jù)演員的表情或者肢體語(yǔ)言來(lái)進(jìn)行分鏡頭腳本的創(chuàng)作。

劇組用于拍攝錄制的4K高清轉(zhuǎn)播車。攝影：熊怡

最先進(jìn)的設(shè)備、最捧場(chǎng)的戲迷為“經(jīng)典”加油

重慶市川劇院與索尼婭導(dǎo)演團(tuán)隊(duì)幾經(jīng)碰撞，最后決定用4K電影的形式來(lái)呈現(xiàn)《金子》。4月11日，電影版《金子》進(jìn)行了3場(chǎng)帶觀眾拍攝的第一場(chǎng)錄制。劇場(chǎng)外，一輛搭載了3臺(tái)索尼PWS-4400服務(wù)器的“巨無(wú)霸”4K轉(zhuǎn)播車，就是用于拍攝錄制的設(shè)備。據(jù)了解，這種4K轉(zhuǎn)播車是目前最先進(jìn)的錄制設(shè)備，能呈現(xiàn)最高品質(zhì)的畫質(zhì)效果，通常用于足球比賽、演唱會(huì)等現(xiàn)場(chǎng)錄制。

參與此次拍攝錄制的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀眾，是重慶市川劇院通過(guò)官方微信征集的，來(lái)自北京、成都等全國(guó)各地的鐵桿戲迷、票友，他們有幸成為重慶傳統(tǒng)文化歷史性時(shí)刻的見證者。事實(shí)上，要聚齊《金子》的原班人馬進(jìn)行拍攝十分困難，全劇6位演員平均年齡達(dá)到62歲，超過(guò)70歲的演員有兩位?？梢哉f(shuō)，《金子》是這些老藝術(shù)家藝術(shù)巔峰的呈現(xiàn)。

據(jù)介紹，電影版《金子》的拍攝形式與普通電影、電視劇的最大不同，在于全程不會(huì)喊“咔”（停），所有素材拍攝一氣呵成。索尼婭導(dǎo)演表示，每一場(chǎng)演出拍攝之后，英國(guó)團(tuán)隊(duì)與重慶市川劇院方面負(fù)責(zé)人都會(huì)一起就所拍攝的視頻進(jìn)行討論，對(duì)于不足之處將在下一場(chǎng)演出時(shí)進(jìn)行著重補(bǔ)拍。

“我們把古老的中國(guó)戲曲藝術(shù)與最先進(jìn)的拍攝科技嫁接，借鑒英國(guó)國(guó)家劇院NT-Live的制作方式。我相信，隨著戲曲藝術(shù)電影《金子》的誕生，川劇藝術(shù)走向國(guó)際舞臺(tái)的路會(huì)更加通暢?！薄按▌』屎蟆鄙蜩F梅對(duì)電影版《金子》充滿信心。

來(lái)自北京、成都等全國(guó)各地的鐵桿戲迷、票友參與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)錄制，有幸成為重慶傳統(tǒng)文化歷史性時(shí)刻的見證者。攝影：熊怡

The film version of this famous Sichuan Opera has integrated the “Sichuan Opera Queen” in China with a famous director in British; dramatic art in tradition with mordern film ideas; the un-comparable performing art with the most accurate lens to express the most beautiful moments.

The launching ceremony of the film version of Sichuan Opera—Jinzi, was held on April 9, which honored the national quality stage productions and enjoyed a high reputation abroad.Sonia Lovett, the British director of this film version, will spend 10 days for collecting movie stuff in Chongqing and come back to British for a two-month post production.As a gift for the celebration of the twentieth anniversary of the establishment of Chongqing Municipality, it is expected thatJinzi, this opera art film will return to Chongqing for its premiere in min-June.Audiences need to carry with their imagination to appreciate the collision between traditional art and global taste as well as the change ofJinzifrom stage to screen.

Cross-border cooperation between traditional art and global taste

As the treasure of Chinese traditional art, Sichuan Opera honors the first national intangible cultural heritage and one of the major genres in Chinese Operas.Being the classic repertoire of Sichuan Opera Theatre in Chongqing,Jinziis adapted form“Wilderness”, a masterpiece written by Cao Yu (a famous playwright in China).Since its debut in 1997, it has embraced all awards of Chinese opera stage art including the top ten quality repertoire of the first National Exquisite Stage Art Works and the first price of Eighteen Excellent Repertoire Grand Prix held by Ministry of Culture.Jinzialso was recognized by the industry as “a new milestone of modern Chinese opera”.

Sonia Lovett, the British director of the film version of famous Sichuan Opera—Jinzi.Photo by Xiong Yi

Being the heroine ofJinzifor 20 years, Shen Tiemei has been hailed as the leader of Sichuan Opera and the famous Sichuan Opera artist and has been awarded the Chinese Drama Plum Blossom Prize.With the supreme pursuit of art, she contiuously pushes Sichuan Opera and Chongqing culture to climb the top one after another.Under her leadership, after two years of careful planning, Sichuan Opera Theatre in Chongqing strives to makeJinzia stage film with high artistic taste and strong appeal so as to expand its influence both in and abroad, carry forward the fine traditional Chinese art to enhance China’s cultural self-confidence.

In this connection, Sonia Lovett and her British team were invited by Sichuan Opera Theatre in Chongqing to create the film version ofJinzi.Meanwhile, Frank Scheffer—a famous documentary film director from Holland—and his team also were introduced to film the documentary of the shooting process of the film version ofJinzi.It is possible to completely record the classic scenes on both on and off the screen by such a high level of international creative team.At the same time, it also gives priority to allow more audiences to understand Sichuan Opera and the regional culture in Chongqing by keeping the artistic image and style of Sichuan Opera performing artists who are of national treasure level.

The British director Sonia Lovett, said that Jinzi’s full narrative structures and plots are something in common with all excellent operas in the world.

The film version ofJinziwas entrusted to explore and exploit the cultural treasure in Sichuan Opera featuring ethnic flavor, traditional and regional features so as to create a Sichuan opera film which not only has both characteristcs of Chongqing and times and also has a high ideological level and unique artistic charm.With the aim to create a new card introducing Chongqing culture, the film version will represent as a gift to celebrate the twentieth anniversary of its establishment because the traditional version ofJinziwas surprisingly created on the same time of the establishment of Chongqing Municipality.

“My aim is to let the audiences of the film version ofJinzito feel like going to the theatre.”

Ms.Sonia, director of the film version, comes from London, British.With over 3 decades directing experience, she has directed a number of dramas, operas, ballets and other works and also has recorded many concerts for famous media like BBC, SKY and CNN.

November, 2016 saw the first contact and discussion between Ms.Sonia and Sichuan Opera Theatre in Chongqing for the film version ofJinzi.Sonia told media that when she first touched the script ofJinzi, she was deeply attracted by its plots.When she heard the fantastic arias and rhythmic musics fromJinzi, she totally immersed herself into the adoration of them.“Being born with an outstanding voice, the heroine ofJinziis an artist who can use her voice to mold the characteristic of dramatic personae and merge with individual features according to original structure in opera”, highly praised by Ms.Sonia.

Sonia said, the theme of all drama in the world links to aspiration, love and hope.Plots inJinzibelongto the combination of tragedy and comedy.Besides the language differences compared with the western opera, its full narrative structures and plots should be the same thing with all good plays.

The director group is working in 4K broadcast car, photo by Xiong Yi.

The original intention of Director Sonia to receive this shooting mission is to introduce Chinese traditional arts to west and Sichuan Opera to more people.She insisted that every shooting seat has to present the best aesthetic feeling in lens.Only by doing so can the charm ofJinziexpress to the audiences without any reservation.“My aim is to let the audiences of the film version ofJinzito feel like going to the theatre.” Sonia said.

In this transnational cooperation in cross-border art, language has become Sonia’s biggest barrier in creating the shooting scripts.“It is quite difficult for me to switch camera stands or lens according to those dialogues written in Chinese.In order to prepare the shooting scripts, on the basis of my personal experience, I have spent one-month time to watch actor’s facial expression or body language in video tapes to conduct the creation of shooting scripts.”

“Classics” was energized by the most advanced equipment and the most avid supporters

After several intense discussions, Sonia and SichuanOpera Theatre in Chongqing reached an agreement to expressJinziwith the form of 4k movie.April 11 witnessed the first record (a total of three records) ofJinziwith audiences.Outside the theatre, there was a gigantic 4K OB van carried with 3 Sony PWS-4400 servers, which is the equipment for this shooting.It is understood that such 4K OB van is the most advanced recording equipment today which applies commonly to the live recording of football games or vocal concerts with the highest image quality.

Audiences who participate in this shooting were selected from the official We-chat of Sichuan Opera Theatre in Chongqing.They are big fans and amateur performers from Beijing, Chengdu and all over the country.It is fortunate for them to witness the historic moment of Chongqing traditional culture.Actually, it is quite difficult for shooting team to call together the former staff ofJinzi.The average age of all six performers is already 62 and two of them are even above 70 years old.That’s to say,Jinzibelongs to the peak presentation of those old artists.

According to the introduction, the biggest difference from the film versionJinzito other general movies and teleplays lies in there is no stop in the former one.In another word, all materials’ shooting are finished in one smooth motion.After every shooting, British team and person in charge from Sichuan Opera Theatre in Chongqing would work together to make a discussion about the shooting video.And the imperfections will be emphatically reshot in the next one, said by Director Sonia.

“Learning from the production method of NT-LIVE of British National Theatre, we have integrated the ancient Chinese opera art with the most advanced shooting technology.With the emergence ofJinziin the form of opera art film, I believe that the road to international stage for Sichuan Opera will be smoother.” And Shen Tiemei, the “Queen of Sichuan Opera”, is full of confidence in the film version ofJinzi.

The Film Version of Famous Sichuan Opera—Jinzi—was Shot by a British Director Its premiere presents a gift for the celebration of twentieth anniversary of the establishment of Chongqing Municipality

□ Article/ Journalist Xiong Yi