歐盟館3D打印立面，阿姆斯特丹，荷蘭

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：DUS建筑事務(wù)所

Architect: DUS Architects

歐盟館3D打印立面，阿姆斯特丹，荷蘭

3D Printed Fa?ade for the EU Building, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, 2016

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：DUS建筑事務(wù)所

Architect: DUS Architects

1 外景/Exterior view

DUS建筑事務(wù)所利用大尺度的生物塑料3D打印技術(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了荷蘭2016年歐盟輪值主席國(guó)展館的立面設(shè)計(jì)。

2016年1月開(kāi)始的半年內(nèi)，荷蘭出任歐盟輪值主席國(guó)，歐盟館位于阿姆斯特丹運(yùn)河河畔（海運(yùn)區(qū)）。歐洲的政治家相聚在這座為該活動(dòng)特殊制造的臨時(shí)性“歐洲建筑”當(dāng)中。DUS建筑事務(wù)所設(shè)計(jì)的入口立面奪人眼球，該立面由一種生物塑料制成的獨(dú)特3D打印構(gòu)件組裝而成，輪值工作結(jié)束后可以全部回收利用。

歷史上的帆船制造和數(shù)字制造

該區(qū)域曾是帆船制造基地，建筑船帆型的入口則來(lái)源于此。壁龕樣的凹型空間將“歐盟藍(lán)”的3D打印長(zhǎng)椅籠罩。印制出的裝飾圖案從大到小，由圓至方，彰顯了歐盟的聯(lián)合與多樣性。每到夜晚，船帆會(huì)被跳躍變化的燈光逐漸點(diǎn)亮。

特特大尺度的3D打印

所有座位均為參數(shù)化設(shè)計(jì)并且與壁龕空間完美契合在一起。這個(gè)特意為輪值工作自主研發(fā)的示范性模型，在阿姆斯特丹運(yùn)河畔運(yùn)用特特大3D打印機(jī)打印。真人大小的打印機(jī)可以制造出尺寸為2m×2m×3.5m的建筑構(gòu)件。構(gòu)件由自主研發(fā)的特殊生物塑料制成，座位表面用淺色的混凝土填充。生物塑料在輪值工作結(jié)束后可以被粉碎并再次進(jìn)行。這種3D打印技術(shù)在公共領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用在世界尚屬打印首次。（天妮 譯）

2 立面?zhèn)让?Elevation profile

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits

該項(xiàng)目是與3D打印技術(shù)協(xié)作產(chǎn)生的首例商業(yè)衍生品：由DUS建筑事務(wù)所及合伙人自主研發(fā)。項(xiàng)目的3D打印構(gòu)件由Actual有限公司生產(chǎn)完成。Actual有限公司位于阿姆斯特丹，致力于將大尺度3D打印與建筑構(gòu)件相鏈接及線上定制軟件的研發(fā)。立面在極短的時(shí)間跨度內(nèi)研發(fā)完成，要感謝以下各方之間的緊密合作：DUS事務(wù)所（設(shè)計(jì)）、Actual（參數(shù)化研發(fā)和3D打?。?、海王集團(tuán)（臨時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)）、TenTech（工程）、德國(guó)漢高（材料研發(fā)）、飛利浦（照明）以及曼斯（施工和裝配）。以創(chuàng)新為導(dǎo)向的曼斯建筑公司是該項(xiàng)目的特約合作者。

Te project is the first commercial by-product caused by the collaborations on the 3D Print Canal House: an initiative of DUS architects and partners. The production of the 3D prints has been done by Actual, an Amsterdam-based start-up that develops online customizing software for building elements linked to XL 3D printing. Te facade has been developed in a very short time period thanks to the close collaboration between various parties: DUS (design), Actual (parametricdevelopment & 3D printing), Neptunus (temporary structures), TenTech (engineering), Henkel (material development), Philips (light), and Heijmans (construction and assembly). Heijmans, an innovationdriven building company, is a special partner of this project.攝影/Photos: Ossip van Duivenbode

3 日景/Day view

4 夜景/Night view

DUS architects produced fa?ade design with large scale bio-plastic 3D prints for the Dutch EU Presidency 2016.

The EU Presidency takes place in the Netherlands for half a year starting January 2016 at the Amsterdam Marineterrein (Marine Area). Here European politicians gather in the mobile 'Europe Building' constructed especially for this event. Eye catcher is the entrance fa?ade designed by DUS architects, which consists of unique 3D printed elements made of bio-plastic that can be fully recycled after the presidency is over.

Historical sailing ships and digital fabrication

The entrance of the building is partially constructed with playfully shaped sails that refer to the historical sailing ships once built in this area. Tis creates alcoves, which house EU-blue coloured 3D-printed benches. Te printed patterns build up from large to small and round to square and depict the variety and community of the EU countries. At night the sails are lit gradually with a pulsing light.

XXL 3D printing

Every seating element is parametrically designed and fits perfectly within each alcove. Tey are prototypes developed especially for the EU presidency, and printed locally with the XXL 3D printer of the 3D Print Canal House in Amsterdam. This life-size printer can print component with size up to 2m × 2m × 3.5m. Te prints are made of a specially developed bio-plastic and the seating surfaces are filled with light-coloured concrete. Te bio-plastic can be shredded and reprinted after the presidency is over. Tis is the first time in the world that these kinds of XXL 3D prints are being shown in the public domain.

5 日景局部/Te detail during the day

6 夜景局部/Te detail at night

評(píng)論

龍灝：在當(dāng)代技術(shù)條件下，建筑可以用“打印”的方式來(lái)建造，“臨時(shí)建筑”的立面形象及其材料變得看上去不那么“臨時(shí)”了，造型的精致與特別也變得非“手工建造”時(shí)代所能比擬。然而，這算是一種怎樣的進(jìn)步？生物塑料、3D打印、循環(huán)利用，這些看上去頗為炫目又體現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展與“生物準(zhǔn)則城市”目標(biāo)的辭藻背后，對(duì)建筑學(xué)或建筑設(shè)計(jì)的本質(zhì)意義是什么？是充實(shí)了內(nèi)涵還是拓展了外延？用這些新材料和建造方式完成的建筑（立面）與用竹、木、天然材料紡織品、甚至石頭等等天然或其他已有的生物可降解材料來(lái)完成有什么本質(zhì)區(qū)別？這些追問(wèn)，也許會(huì)有助于“建筑學(xué)”這個(gè)與人類歷史一樣長(zhǎng)的古老學(xué)科更加冷靜地面對(duì)可能會(huì)成為未來(lái)熱點(diǎn)的“生物準(zhǔn)則城市”、思考自己未來(lái)的路徑。

林波榮：這一項(xiàng)目是環(huán)保理念、先進(jìn)科技和地域性建筑美學(xué)完美結(jié)合的典范。建筑外立面饒有趣味，白色風(fēng)帆、建筑材料的質(zhì)地以及外立面的曲線令整座建筑看起來(lái)十分輕盈；入夜后，建筑與燈光效果相搭配，彰顯出現(xiàn)代科技美。特別吸引人的是，外立面的許多構(gòu)件是用一種高彈力、高強(qiáng)度的織物和3D打印的生物塑料作為主要材料、通過(guò)3D打印完成的。其3D打印圖案，或大或小，或圓或方，彰顯了世界領(lǐng)先科技、以及獨(dú)特的建筑文化——即歐盟的聯(lián)合與多樣性。這種特殊的生物塑料，由亞麻籽油制成，具有易處理、循環(huán)利用等優(yōu)勢(shì)。個(gè)人認(rèn)為，在建筑上使用3D打印，能耗低，運(yùn)輸成本相應(yīng)減少，而且整個(gè)建筑可以輕易地拆除、回收，這將徹底改變我們建設(shè)城市的方式，對(duì)于展覽性臨時(shí)建筑有廣闊應(yīng)用前景。

Comments

L ONG Hao: In the environment of modern technology, architecture can be built by 'printing', the fa?ades and materials of 'temporary buildings' don't seem so 'temporary', the delicacy and particularity of forms also reached a level that 'manual construction' era cannot reach. However, what kind of a progress is this? Bio-plastics, 3D printing, circulation, behind these seemingly dazzling terms that embody the goals of sustainable development and 'bioprincipled city', what's the essential meaning of this for architecture or architectural design? Enriching the intension or expanding the extension? What's the basic difference between architecture fa?ades built by these new materials and methods, and the ones built with bamboos, woods, natural textiles, stones or other existing biodegradable materials? Tese questions may be helpful for 'architecture', an ancient subject as old as human history, to more calmly face the next possible hot spot 'bioprincipled city', and think about its own future path. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

LIN Borong: This project is a paradigm for the comprehensive unification of environmental awareness, advance technology with regionalism architecture. The delightful fa?ade with its white sail shape, selected building material and external curvature, contribute to a lightness of the building itself. At the fall of night, the building and its lighting effect compensate each other, expressing the beauty of modern technology prominently. Many of the fa?ade components are especially attractive. They are 3D printed components made from a type of bioplastic reinforced tensile fabric. Its diversified 3D printed patterns and varies sizes represents not only the most advanced technological achievements but also the unique culture of diversity along unity within the Europe Union. This special material is entirely biobased, made from linseed oil with feasibility for treatment and recyclable. In my perspective, utilising 3D printing technology in architecture on one hand brings lower energy consumption as well we transportation cost, on the other hand, the entire architecture could be easily disassembled and recycled. This will ultimately transform our construction method for the city, and bears a broad scope of future application for temporary exhibition architecture. (Translated by LUO Dan)