名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣

徐穎

虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、請求等時，常用于名詞性從句。

[賓語從句中的虛擬語氣]

1. wish引導的賓語從句

表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：從句謂語動詞用過去式（be動詞一般用were）。

表示對過去情況的虛擬：從句謂語動詞用“had+過去分詞”。

表示對將來的主觀愿望：從句謂語動詞形式為“would/could/might+動詞原形”。

如：

I wish I knew the approach to solving the problem. （可惜不知道）

I wish I hadnt informed him of the sad news. （事實上已告訴）

I wish you would win tomorrow. （對將來的主觀愿望）

例1 （2015·天津卷） I wish I _______ at my sisters wedding last Tuesday， but I was on a business trip in New York then.

A. will be B. would be

C. have been D. had been

解析 D?？疾樘摂M語氣。上周二我本希望參加我姐姐的婚禮，但那時我在紐約出差。本題考查wish引導的賓語從句，表示與過去事實相反的愿望，從句謂語動詞用“had+過去分詞”。根據(jù)句意可知本題應該選D。

2. would rather引導的賓語從句

表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?，從句謂語動詞用過去式（be動詞一般用were）。如：

I would rather you posted the letter right away. （希望現(xiàn)在寄）

She would rather that we had the discussion right after the lecture. （希望講座后討論）

例2 （2014·陜西卷） We would rather our daughter _______ at home with us， but it is her choice， and she is not a child any longer.

A. would stay B. has stayed

C. stayed D. stay

解析 C?？疾樘摂M語氣。would rather后跟賓語從句時，從句的謂語動詞如果用過去式表示動作發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，用“had+過去分詞”則表示動作發(fā)生在過去。根據(jù)后一句中的is可知這里說的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以從句的謂語動詞用一般過去式。

表達過去的愿望： 從句謂語動詞用“had+過去分詞”。如：

You bought me a blue bicycle， I would rather you had painted it red.

suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire，advice， require， urge等動詞后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用“（should）+動詞原形”，表示建議、要求、命令、請求、敦促等。如：

The guard at the gate insisted that everybody （should） obey the rules.

He suggested that we （should） have a meeting at once.

I advice that we （should） think it over before accepting it.

例3 （2016·全國卷Ⅱ） Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.

解析 去掉can或can→should ?？疾樘摂M語氣。動詞suggest作“建議”講時，后面賓語從句的謂語動詞要使用虛擬語氣，即“（should）+動詞原形”，所以本句可以去掉can或?qū)an改為should。

例4 （2013·浙江卷） Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _______ at the age of six months old.

A. was B. be

C. were D. is

解析 B?？疾樘摂M語氣。眼科醫(yī)生建議孩子在兩個月時就要進行第一次眼科檢查。根據(jù)句中謂語動詞recommend可以判斷出后面賓語從句的謂語動詞應該用（should） do sth.。

例5 （2013·陜西卷） My mom suggests that we _______ eat out for a change this weekend.

A. should B. might

C. could D. would

解析 A。本題考查名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣。媽媽建議我們這個周末出去吃飯換換口味。本句是一個復合句，主句謂語動詞suggests，后跟賓語從句，從句謂語動詞要用（should） do sth.，故答案是A。

[主語從句中的虛擬語氣]

基本句型分以下幾種：

It is suggested，ordered，proposed，required，demanded，requested，insisted that+ ... （should） do

It is important，necessary，natural，desirable，strange，advisable，essential that+ ... （should） do

It is a pity，a shame，no wonder/ones desire that+ ... （should） do

如：

It is suggested that the meeting （should） be put off till next week.

Its necessary that you （should） hand in your homework today.

Its everybodys desire that every effort （should） be made to reduce the pollution in our city.

[表語從句中的虛擬語氣]

1. as if/though引導的表語從句

as if/though引導的表語從句中謂語動詞變化規(guī)則與wish引導的賓語從句變化一致。如：

He seems as if it were spring now.

It looks as if he had learned some French.

2. suggestion，proposal，order，plan，request，advice等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中，都可以用“（should）+動詞原形”表示虛擬。如：

My suggestion is that a few more people （should） be sent there to help me. （表語從句）

I made a suggestion that he （should） go there at once. （同位語從句）