非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的五個(gè)?？家谆旖Y(jié)構(gòu)

吳榮華

考點(diǎn)1. 習(xí)慣做某事

⑴be/get used to doing sth. 習(xí)慣做某事

⑵used to do sth.過(guò)去常常做某事

⑶be used to do sth.被用來(lái)做某事

（2011廣東卷寫作）As a child， he never left his parents， so he didnt get used to dealing with everything in school independently. 小時(shí)候他從來(lái)沒有離開過(guò)父母，因此他不習(xí)慣獨(dú)立處理學(xué)校的各種事務(wù)。

（2006廣東卷寫作）It used to take several days to hear from each other， but now it takes only several minutes， even if they are in two different continents. 過(guò)去要花幾天時(shí)間收到對(duì)方來(lái)信，但是現(xiàn)在只要幾分鐘，即使是在兩個(gè)不同的洲。

（2014廣州一模寫作）White Tea is good for health if drunk frequently and can be used to prevent disease like high blood pressure and help relieve the pain of toothache and fever. 常飲白茶有益健康，白茶可用來(lái)預(yù)防高血壓等疾病，還可以減輕牙疼和減少發(fā)燒。

即時(shí)練習(xí)：

①（2010深圳二模語(yǔ)法填空）Trevor used it to get to work， and also the bike was used ______（get） groceries， saving us from having to walk long distances from where we live.

②（2015山東德州一模語(yǔ)法填空） We are used to ______ （make） excuses， which leaves no room for the other person to forgive us.

③（2016全國(guó)Ⅰ卷短文改錯(cuò)）Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.

④（2013全國(guó)Ⅰ卷短文改錯(cuò)）She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs.

⑤（2014江西卷寫作）I ____________________to achieve my academic goals. 我過(guò)去常常嘗試一些有效的方法來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)我的學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)。

⑥（2001全國(guó)卷寫作）I dont know about others， but I _____________________________（過(guò)去在周末不得不學(xué)習(xí)） doing endless homework and attending classes as well.

考點(diǎn)2. 盡力做某事

⑴try our best to do sth. 盡力做某事

⑵do whatever/what/all/everything we can to do sth. 盡力做某事

⑶make every effort to do sth. 盡一切努力做某事

⑷spare no effort to do sth. 不遺余力做某事

⑸take pains to do sth. 努力做某事

（2012湖南卷寫作）From this unusual experience， I learn that we should be thankful to those who always do good deeds and also be ready to do what we can to help others. 從這次不尋常的經(jīng)歷中，我認(rèn)識(shí)到我們應(yīng)該感謝那些做好事的人，也應(yīng)樂于盡力幫助別人。

（2013福建卷寫作）And parents are always making every effort to create a comfortable environment for their children， but unfortunately， they have forgotten a fact that no one can grow up without experiencing pains and difficulties. 父母總是盡力為孩子們創(chuàng)造一種舒服的環(huán)境，但不幸的是，他們忘記了一個(gè)事實(shí)：沒有人能夠不經(jīng)歷痛苦和困難而成長(zhǎng)。

（2015福建連城一中模擬寫作）Besides， it takes constant efforts to make our dreams come true， so it is of much importance for us to make the most of our time and try our best to accumulate more knowledge and strengthen our abilities in every aspect. 此外，讓我們夢(mèng)想成真需要不斷的努力，因此充分利用時(shí)間、努力積累更多知識(shí)、增強(qiáng)我們各方面的能力對(duì)我們相當(dāng)重要。

（2015福建卷寫作）The moral of the story is that we should spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how difficult the situation may be. 這個(gè)故事的寓意是，我們應(yīng)該不遺余力地獲取知識(shí)，不管多么困難的情況下，決不輕易氣餒。

即時(shí)練習(xí)：

①（2014福建卷語(yǔ)法填空） Its a good feeling to know in our hearts we are doing our______（good） in a world that is in serious trouble.

②（2014廣州二模語(yǔ)法填空）But she thinks the café should make more effort ________（convince） people that their donations will really reach those people truly in need.

③（2012大綱卷短文改錯(cuò)）Every one of us can make a great efforts to cut down the use of energy in our country.

④（2001全國(guó)卷短文改錯(cuò)）My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.

⑤（2013北京卷滿分作文）To achieve ones dream， one must ___________________________（努力使自己具備豐富的知識(shí)）and set a goal easy to reach.

⑥（2012山東淄博一模寫作）We hope that we will be a civilized student， _____________（做我們應(yīng)該做的事），and __________________________（做盡可能多的事）to build our school into a harmonious campus.

⑦（2015福建卷寫作）_____________________ and get prepared for the future.我們應(yīng)該刻苦學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)提高自己并且為未來(lái)做準(zhǔn)備。

考點(diǎn)3. 花費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢做某事

⑴sb. spend time/money （in） doing sth.=devote time/money to doing sth. （某人）花費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢做某事

⑵it takes sb. time/money to do sth. 花費(fèi)某人時(shí)間/金錢做某事

⑶sth. cost sb. time/money 某物/某事花費(fèi)某人時(shí)間/金錢

⑷sb. pay money for sth./to do sth. 某人花費(fèi)金錢做某事

⑸sb. waste time/money （in） doing sth. （某人）浪費(fèi)時(shí)間/金錢做某事

（2015全國(guó)II卷寫作）Well also spend some fun time together singing， dancing and playing games， which we hope will make them happy. 我們也會(huì)一起度過(guò)快樂時(shí)光，唱歌、跳舞、做游戲，希望這會(huì)讓他們高興。

（2010浙江卷寫作）Besides， she often devotes her spare time to helping others. She deserves the honor and we should learn from her. 此外，她經(jīng)常利用空閑時(shí)間幫助別人。她應(yīng)得這個(gè)榮譽(yù)，我們應(yīng)該向她學(xué)習(xí)。

（2011上海卷寫作）Secondly，I will buy some tools to help them repair their school buildings， desks and chairs. This will cost me 1，000 yuan. 第二，我將買一些工具幫助他們修理學(xué)校建筑和課桌椅。這要花費(fèi)我1000元。

（2014全國(guó)新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷寫作）Id also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included. 我也想知道要付多少錢學(xué)這個(gè)課程，住宿費(fèi)是否包括在內(nèi)。

即時(shí)練習(xí)：

①（2014全國(guó)新課標(biāo)I卷語(yǔ)法填空） It took years of work____________（reduce） the industrial pollution and clean the water.

②（2015廣州一模語(yǔ)法填空）Williams would often spend weeks ________（decide） how a character should sound and this “voice” determined his approach to each role.

③（2015四川卷短文改錯(cuò)）Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.

④（2013遼寧卷短文改錯(cuò)）Mr. Johnson is a hardworking teacher. Every day， he spends too much time with his work.

⑤（2008遼寧卷短文改錯(cuò)）Last Saturday， the class that I was in held a get-together， which took us a long time prepare.

⑥（2009福建泉州質(zhì)檢寫作）I ______________________

_____________________________（課外花了很多時(shí)間閱讀英語(yǔ)報(bào)紙和雜志），which helps to improve my English.

⑦（2012年廣州一模滿分作文）30% of the students said they spent___________________________________（花了大部分時(shí)間與父母一起走親訪友）during the 2012 Spring Festival while 25% went traveling with their classmates or parents. The rest devoted___________________________________________（花了大部分時(shí)間做功課）during the holiday. As for me， it took __________________________________________（花了我將近一周時(shí)間參加家庭聚會(huì)）， as it is a traditional custom in China.

考點(diǎn)4. 做某事有困難/很開心/很成功

⑴have difficulty/trouble/a hard time（in）doing sth. 做某事有困難

⑵have fun doing sth. 做某事很開心

⑶succeed in doing sth. 做某事很成功

（2011山東卷寫作）What worries me a lot is that I am really having trouble in collecting information and using the language. 令我擔(dān)心的是，我在收集信息和使用語(yǔ)言方面有困難。

（2005浙江卷寫作）Chinese students celebrate their birthdays in different ways， but the most common way is to have fun drinking， singing and dancing. 中國(guó)學(xué)生用不同的方式慶祝生日，但最常見的方式是通過(guò)飲酒、唱歌和跳舞來(lái)取樂。

（2014廣東卷寫作）With the help of local media， so far he has succeeded in finding 32 twins， including 17 males and 15 females coming from 13 countries. 在當(dāng)?shù)孛襟w的幫助下，到目前為止，他已經(jīng)成功地找到了32個(gè)同年同月同日生的人，包括來(lái)自13個(gè)國(guó)家的17個(gè)男性，15個(gè)女性。

即時(shí)練習(xí)：

①（2016成都七中高三上期中）At the start， they had great difficulty________（establish） the organization.

②（2016陜西武功縣高三摸底）However， I have some trouble ________（collect）the materials relevant and using the language.

③（2011四川卷短文改錯(cuò)）Tom was having much troubles getting up in the Morning and was always late for work.

④（2007年福建卷短文改錯(cuò)）Though I had difficulty walk back to my classroom， I still didnt tell anyone and even refused the offer of help of my classmates.

⑤（2008山東卷寫作）I know you are now _____________

_______________________________（與別人交流有困難）， and you may often feel lonely.

⑥（1998全國(guó)卷寫作）After a short rest， we ____________

___________________________（愉快地唱歌跳舞），telling jokes or stories.

⑦（2015山西質(zhì)監(jiān)寫作）Im sure we will ______________

_____________________（欣賞節(jié)目很開心） and will be inspired to learn English better.

考點(diǎn)5. 值得做某事

⑴be（well）worth doing（很）值得做某事

⑵be worthy of being done=be worthy to be done值得做某事

⑶It is worthwhile to do/doing. 做某事是值得的

（2015浙江卷寫作）Good opinions are worth sticking to because they can benefit us all. 好的觀點(diǎn)值得堅(jiān)持因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)我們有益。

（2012江蘇泰州調(diào)研寫作）However， not every book is worthy of being read because some books may mislead readers. 然而，不是每一本書值得一讀，因?yàn)橛行┍究赡軙?huì)誤導(dǎo)讀者。

（2010廣東揭陽(yáng)梅州二聯(lián)寫作）Therefore， good relationship between teachers and students is worthwhile for everyone to cherish. 因此，師生之間的良好關(guān)系值得每一個(gè)人珍惜。

即時(shí)練習(xí)：

①（2008重慶卷短文改錯(cuò)）And there are many meaningful things that are worth think of， such as the relationship between parents and children in a lot of American families.

②（2008年湖南卷寫作）Thomas Edison was once thought to be a boy ________________（不值得教育的）. In fact， he was a man full of imagination.

③（2015中山模擬寫作）I think he is not only admirable but also____________________（值得學(xué)習(xí)） as he is a strong-minded man who has devoted himself to achieving his childhood dream.

④（2007江蘇卷寫作）Although we take an hour a day for exercise， __________________（這是值得的）.

參考答案

考點(diǎn)1：

①to get ②making ③using →used ④holding → hold

⑤ used to try effective methods

⑥ used to have to work even at weekends

考點(diǎn)2：

①best ②to convince ③efforts—effort ④can后加to

⑤make great efforts to equip oneself with rich knowledge

⑥do all （that） we should do；do as much as we can

⑦We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning

考點(diǎn)3：

①to reduce

②deciding ③sing→singing ④with→on ⑤在time后加to

⑥spend much time reading English newspapers and magazines after class

⑦most of their time with their parents，visiting their relatives and friends， most of the time to doing their lessons，me nearly a week to attend family parties

考點(diǎn)4：

①establishing ②collecting ③改troubles→trouble

④walk→walking

⑤having trouble communicating with others

⑥had great fun singing and dancing

⑦h(yuǎn)ave a good time enjoying performances

考點(diǎn)5：

①think→thinking

②who was not worth educating

③worth learning from

④it is well worth it

責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青