“用情專一”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

劉紅

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是中考?？伎键c(diǎn)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身有一定的意義，但是不能獨(dú)立做謂語(yǔ)，必須和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ)部分。另外，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，也就是說(shuō)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后邊不加-s；情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有非謂語(yǔ)形式，即沒(méi)有不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞形式。由此看來(lái)，說(shuō)它“用情專一”一點(diǎn)都不為過(guò)。

一、常見(jiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法

1. can

①表示“會(huì)、能夠”，指具備某種能力。如：

Lang Lang can play the piano very well. 郎朗鋼琴?gòu)椀煤芎谩?/p>

I cant swim at all. 我根本不會(huì)游泳。

②和may一樣，表示“請(qǐng)求或許可”。如：

Can / May I come in？ 我可以進(jìn)來(lái)嗎？

Can / May you give me a hand？ 你能幫我一下嗎？

③表示“懷疑、不確定或猜想”。如：

Can it be true？ 那是真的嗎？

He cant be a student. 他不可能是一個(gè)學(xué)生。

④could除了做can的過(guò)去式外，還可表示一種委婉的語(yǔ)氣或用于不太肯定的推測(cè)。如：

Could you come with me？ 你能和我一起去嗎？

The bike could be Toms. 那輛自行車可能是湯姆的。

⑤be able to意為“能、會(huì)”，和can的意思基本一樣。be able to強(qiáng)調(diào)通過(guò)努力而獲得的能力；而can則強(qiáng)調(diào)自身已具有的能力。另外，can只有兩種時(shí)態(tài)（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)）；而be able to可以有多種時(shí)態(tài)。如：

I hope Chinese Womens Volleyball team will be able to win the Olympic gold medal. 我希望中國(guó)女排能夠贏得奧運(yùn)會(huì)金牌。

You will be able to pass the exam if you work hard at it. 只要你努力，你就會(huì)考試及格。

Luckily， he was able to win the match in the end. 幸運(yùn)的是，他終于贏得了比賽。

【鏈接中考】

1. （2016年重慶B卷） He _____ speak English very well although he has studied it for only one year.

A. mustnt B. cant

C. must D. can

2. （2016年天津卷） —Mum， _____ I play football this afternoon？

—Sure， but you _____ finish your homework first.

A. may； could B. can； must

C. can； mustnt D. may； cant

3. （2016年上海卷） A good friend is someone you _____ share your pleasure and pain with.

A. ought B. need

C. can D. must

4. （2016年臨沂卷） Students _____ enjoy the colorful school life if they study at home instead of going to school.

A. mustnt B. cant

C. must D. can

5. （2016年蘇州卷） —What does Justin Biebers song Never Say Never impress you most？

—It tells us that we _____ do almost anything if we never give up.

A. can B. have to

C. should D. need

6. （2016年安徽卷） Please dont make so much noise. I _____ hear the speaker very well.

A. neednt B. mustnt

C. cant D. shouldnt

Key： 1～5 DBCBA 6. C

2. may

①表示“許可或請(qǐng)求”，其否定回答要用cant 或mustnt。如：

—May I go home now？ 我現(xiàn)在可以回家了嗎？

—No， you cant / mustnt. 不，你不能。

②表示“可能性或猜測(cè)”。如：

You may be right. 你也許是對(duì)的。

She may be a good teacher. 她可能是一個(gè)好老師。

③表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)，might比may更客氣；表示推測(cè)時(shí)，might比may更不確定。如：

He might be ill， but I dont know. 他可能病了，不過(guò)我也不知道。

You might have helped me when I asked you. 我請(qǐng)你幫忙時(shí)，你本可以幫我的。

【鏈接中考】

7. （2016年河南卷） —You look very pretty， if I _____ say so.

—Thanks a lot for saying that.

A. must B. may

B. will D. have to

8. （2016年泰安卷） Rock music _____ sound popular with the young， but its not the favor of the aged people.

A. must B. need

C. should D. may

9. （2016年包頭卷） Ladies and gentlemen， let me， if I _____， introduce you my manager， Bill Wealth.

A. will B. should

C. must D. may

10. （2016年淮安卷） —Excuse me， _____ I take the magazine out of the reading room？

—Sorry， you cant. Just here， please.

A. must B. would

C. may D. need

11. （2016年呼和浩特卷） —Where are you going this month？

—We ______ go to Xiamen， but were not sure.

A. neednt B. might

C. must D. mustnt

Key： 7～11 BDDCB

3. must

①表示“必須、一定要”。如：

You must come here before nine. 你必須九點(diǎn)前到這里。

Must I finish my homework today？ 我今天必須完成作業(yè)嗎？

② must的否定形式mustnt意為“禁止、不允許”。如：

You mustnt color your hair red. 你不能把頭發(fā)染成紅色。

We mustnt go across the street when the traffic lights are red. 當(dāng)紅燈亮起時(shí)我們不能過(guò)馬路。

③以must開(kāi)頭的疑問(wèn)句，其否定回答要用neednt。如：

—Must I hand in my homework today？ 我今天必須交作業(yè)嗎？

—No， you neednt. 不，你不必。

④ must只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一種時(shí)態(tài)。如果需要其他時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，可用have to來(lái)代替must。如：

I must / will have to stay at home to look after my mother tomorrow. 我明天必須待在家里照顧媽媽。

She must / had to have a meeting yesterday. 她昨天必須開(kāi)個(gè)會(huì)。

【鏈接中考】

12. （2016年十堰卷） All the students ______ know cheating in the exam is not allowed.

A. need B. may

C. must D. can

13. （2016年重慶A卷） —Must we finish the work today？

—_____. We have something else to do tomorrow.

A. Yes， we can B. No， we cant

C. Yes， we must D. No， we neednt

14. （2016年長(zhǎng)春卷） Yang Jiang _____ be the boys favorite writer. He has written a lot to praise her.

A. cant B. mustnt

C. must D. need

15. （2016年武漢卷） —I still havent found my pet dog.

—Im sorry to hear that. You _____ be very sad.

A. can B. should

C. must D. will

Key： 12～15 CCCC

4. have to

have to和must都是“必須”的意思，但是前者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“客觀上不得不”，而后者強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“主觀上必須”。如：

I must work hard. 我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。

She had to walk home yesterday because he missed the last bus. 她昨天不得不步行回家，因?yàn)樗e(cuò)過(guò)了最后一班公共汽車。

【鏈接中考】

16. （2016年江西卷） You _____ take me to the station. My brothers taking me.

A. cant B. mustnt

C. shouldnt D. dont have to

Key： 16. D

5. need

①做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“有必要”。如：

Need I go there with you？ 我有必要和你一起去嗎？

You need take your camera with you. 你有必要帶上你的相機(jī)。

② need做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)和其他實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用法一樣，只是其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)需要引起注意：need doing=need to be done，意為“需要被……”。如：

Your mobile phone needs repairing / to be repaired. 你的手機(jī)需要修理一下。

【鏈接中考】

17. （2016年恩施卷） —Does he need ______ there at once？

—No， he _____ leave so hurriedly because he has enough time.

A. to go； doesnt need

B. go； neednt

C. to go； neednt

Key： 17. C

6. should

should意為“應(yīng)該”，相當(dāng)于be supposed to。如：

You should do exercise for an hour every day. 你應(yīng)該每天鍛煉一小時(shí)。

We should respect the old and cherish the young. 我們應(yīng)該尊老愛(ài)幼。

【鏈接中考】

18. （2016年黃岡卷） —Tom is always careless with his schoolwork. Could you help him？

—No problem！ I think he _____ to think twice before starting.

A. should be told B. can tell

C. should tell D. can be telling

19. （2016年山西卷） —Many people play with mobile phones all day instead of reading books.

—Thats too bad. Everyone _____ be a book lover. Reading is more enjoyable.

A. may B. should

C. would

Key： 18～19 AB

二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)

“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)”是中考英語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考查的重頭戲。因此，同學(xué)們有必要記住下面的規(guī)則：

1.表示“非?？隙ǖ耐茰y(cè)”用must。如：

Mr. Wang must be at his office. I saw him go in just now. 王先生一定在他的辦公室。我剛才看見(jiàn)他進(jìn)去了。

This book must be Lilys. Look！ Her name is on it. 這本書(shū)一定是莉莉的。看！她的名字在上面。

2.表示“否定的推測(cè)”用cant。如：

The French book cant be hers. She cant speak French at all. 那本法語(yǔ)書(shū)不可能是她的。她根本不會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)。

—Is this car Helens？ 這輛車是海倫的嗎？

—It cant be hers. She cant drive at all. 不可能是她的。她根本不會(huì)開(kāi)車。

3.表示“把握不大的推測(cè)”用could，might或may。如：

—Where is Mr. Smith？ 史密斯先生在哪里？

—He may / might be on the playground， but Im not sure. 他可能在操場(chǎng)，但我不能確定。

【鏈接中考】

20. （2016年南充卷） —Is that Miss Liu over there？

—No. It _____ be her. She has gone to the USA.

A. mustnt B. cant C. wont D. neednt

21. （2016年綿陽(yáng)卷） —Is Mr. Brown driving here？

—Im not sure. He _____ come by train.

A. may B. shall C. need D. must

22. （2016年龍東卷） —I saw your mother in the library just now.

—It _____ be her. She went to Beijing yesterday.

A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt

23 （2016年泉州卷） —Whats wrong with Judy？ She has been absent for two days.

—Oh， she ______ be ill. Lets go to ask Mr. Green.

A. may B. need C. would

24. （2016年鄂州卷） —What will the weather be like tomorrow？

—It _____ be rainy， cloudy， or sunny. Who knows？

A. must B. might C. should D. cant

25. （2016年丹東卷） —Please be quiet. Our teacher is coming.

—It _____ be our teacher. She has gone to Beijing.

A. must B. may C. cant D. mustnt

26. （2016年銅仁卷） —Is that boy Tom？

—It _____ be Tom. He has gone to his hometown to visit his grandparents.

A. can B. cant C. must D. mustnt

27. （2016年咸寧卷） —Do you think that Kobe will be elected as the MVP this year？

—It _____ him. He has retired （退役） since April 13th.

A. cant be B. mustnt be C. must be D. can be

28. （2016年西寧卷） —Look！ Why are there so many people？

—There are some policemen. I think there _____ a traffic accident.

A. must have B. can have C. is going to be D. must be

29. （2016年長(zhǎng)沙卷） —Finally， they came back.

—They _____ be hungry after such a long walk.

A. cant B. must C. neednt

Key： 20～24 BAAAB 25～29 CBADB

三、can，may，must的一般疑問(wèn)句的答語(yǔ)

can， may， must用在一般疑問(wèn)時(shí)，其答語(yǔ)很有講究，我們可以通過(guò)下面的表格來(lái)加以了解。

[用在一般疑問(wèn)句的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 肯定答語(yǔ) 否定答語(yǔ) can Yes， I can. No， I cant. could Yes， I can. No， I cant. may Yes， you may. No， you mustnt /cant. must Yes， you must. No， you neednt / dont have to. ]

如：

—Can you sing English songs？ 你會(huì)唱英語(yǔ)歌嗎？

—Yes， I can. / No， I cant. 是的，我會(huì)。/不，我不會(huì)。

—May I come in？ 我可以進(jìn)來(lái)嗎？

—Yes， you may. / No， you mustnt / cant. 是的，你能。/不，你不能。

—Must I go there by bus？ 我必須乘公共汽車去哪里嗎？

—Yes， you must. / No， you neednt. / No， you dont have to. 是的，你必須。/不，你不必。

【鏈接中考】

30. （2016年威海卷） —Must I wait here all morning？ I have a lot of work to do.

—No， you _____. You may be back in the afternoon.

A. mustnt B. cant

C. dont have to

31. （2016年新疆卷） —Must I do the dishes now？

—No， you _____.

A. mustnt B. neednt

C. may not D. cant

32. （2016年哈爾濱卷） —Hi， Jack！ Could you come to our English party？

—Sorry， I _____. I have to look after my little sister at home.

A. must B. could

C. cant

33. （2016年海南卷） —Must I clean the room now？

—No， you _____. You can do it later.

A. neednt B. cant

C. may not

34. （2015年三亞卷） —Excuse me. Can you tell me what time it is now？

—Sorry. I _____. My watch doesnt work.

A. cant B. shouldnt

C. mustnt

Key： 30～34 CBCAA

實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：

從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入相應(yīng)空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

1. —Excuse me， may I borrow you some money？

—Of course you _____.

A. could B. can

C. must D. need

2. —Can you go shopping with me this afternoon？

—Sorry， mum. I _____ have an important meeting.

A. can B. may

C. would D. have to

3. —May I go to play football this evening？

—Certainly. But you _____ clean up your own bedroom first.

A. must B. may

C. can D. need

4. —Who is the woman over there？ Is it Mrs. Li？

—No， it _____ be her. Mrs. Li is much fatter than her.

A. mustnt B. may not

C. cant D. neednt

5. —Ill have my TV set repaired this afternoon.

—Oh， you _____. Mr. Wang had it repaired yesterday.

A. may not B. neednt

C. mustnt D. cant

6. —_____ I go home now？

—Im sorry， you _____. The head teacher will come to say something after a while.

A. Could； couldnt

B. Might； might not

C. Could； can

D. May； cant

7. —Where is Alice？

—Sorry， I dont know. Go and ask her mother. She _____ know.

A. can B. may

C. need D. will

8. Look！ All the lights are off； the Smiths _____ up.

A. mustnt get B. is getting

C. must be getting D. wouldnt get

9. —Need we do this job now？

—Yes， _____.

A. you can B. you should

C. you must D. you need

10. Sixteen-year-olds _____ to drive in China.

A. should be allowed

B. shall be allowed

C. shouldnt be allowed

D. may not be allowed

11. Mr. Wang has bought a large house with a swimming pool. It _____ be very expensive.

A. must B. can

C. mustnt D. cant

12. —Isnt that Anns husband over there？

—No， it _____ be him. Im sure he doesnt wear glasses.

A. must not B. cant

C. wont D. may not

13. Lingling， you _____ leave all your clothes on the floor like this！

A. wouldnt B. neednt

C. mustnt D. may not

14. —This kind of clothes looks beautiful and cheap. They _____ well.

—Yes. They are very popular with the young.

A. must be sold B. can be sold

C. must sell D. cant be sold

15. —I want to know if I _____ smoke here.

—No， you _____. Could you see the sign “NO SMOKING” there？

A. can； neednt B. must； cant

C. shall； wont D. may； mustnt

16. My mother never remembers my telephone number. She always _____ look it up.

A. has to B. should

C. would D. must

17. —_____ you pass me the dictionary， please？

—Sure. Here you are.

A. Should B. Could

C. Must D. Might

18. —Must I go there with you？

—No， you _____. David _____ go with me.

A. mustnt； can B. cant； must

C. dont； should D. neednt； may

19. You _____ be careful when crossing here—the traffic lights arent working.

A. might B. should

C. could D. may

20. —Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake.

—It _____ Henrys. He always wears green.

A. has to be B. will be

C. mustnt be D. could be

21. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out.

A. had to B. would

C. was able to D. could

22. —Is Paul coming by train？

—He should， but he _____. He likes driving his car.

A. may not B. neednt

C. cant D. mustnt

23. —Listen！ Someone is singing in the next room. Who _____ it be？ Is it Lily？

—No. It _____ be her. She is at school now.

A. will； may not B. must； mustnt

C. may； cant D. may； wont

24. I think you _____ to say sorry to her.

A. must B. need

C. can D. should

25. —Need I come here before eight oclock tomorrow morning？

—Yes， you _____.

A. can B. may

C. must D. need

26. —Do you need to look after your sister this weekend？

—Yes， I _____.

A. need B. can

C. must D. have to

27. —_____ the students take mobile phones to school？

—It is hard to say. I think they shouldnt.

A. Should B. Must

C. Could D. Might

28. I didnt think Lin Dan _____ be beaten by Li Zongwei.

A. can B. was able to

C. must D. might

29. —Whats wrong with your watch？

—It doesnt work. I think it _____.

A. needs repairing B. needs to repair

C. need to repair D. need repairing

30. As we all know， we _____ drive after drinking wine.

A. shouldnt B. might not

C. couldnt D. mustnt