秋水山莊和新排話(huà)劇《秋水山莊》

張玫

2017年1月13日、14日，浙江話(huà)劇團(tuán)將史量才和沈秋水的故事搬上了話(huà)劇舞臺(tái)，并起名“秋水山莊”。話(huà)劇《秋水山莊》在浙話(huà)藝術(shù)劇院上演，揭開(kāi)了“隆重紀(jì)念中國(guó)話(huà)劇誕辰110周年——以人民為中心的中國(guó)話(huà)劇輝煌永遠(yuǎn)”優(yōu)秀劇目展演杭州分會(huì)場(chǎng)的序幕。演出圓滿(mǎn)成功，獲得了觀(guān)眾無(wú)數(shù)的掌聲與好評(píng)，并引發(fā)人們對(duì)歷史上地處西子湖畔的秋水山莊的綿長(zhǎng)追思。

秋水山莊伊人情

西湖的葛嶺山麓、北山街上有不少名人別墅，秋水山莊就是其中的一幢。它背倚葛嶺，瀕湖而筑，是幢充滿(mǎn)傳奇、故事傳揚(yáng)的雅致小樓。

1912年風(fēng)詭云譎的上海灘，發(fā)生了一件轟動(dòng)全國(guó)的事——?jiǎng)傔^(guò)而立之年的史量才，以12萬(wàn)銀元巨資，購(gòu)買(mǎi)了《申報(bào)》。這份當(dāng)時(shí)上海發(fā)行時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)、影響最大的報(bào)紙，讓他成為上海灘最年輕的董事長(zhǎng)之一。史量才不僅因報(bào)業(yè)巨子而聞名，他與沈秋水的愛(ài)情故事也為人津津樂(lè)道。而杭州西湖邊史量才為沈秋水購(gòu)置的秋水山莊，亦成為風(fēng)雅西湖的一道靚麗風(fēng)景。

“談《申報(bào)》必談史量才，談史量才必談沈秋水?！鄙蚯锼壑?，是晚清時(shí)上海灘一個(gè)頗有內(nèi)蘊(yùn)的藝妓。她秀麗明艷，又聰慧靈敏。史量才的才情深深地吸引了慧芝。因她個(gè)人情事的變故，她將所攜巨款托史量才保管，而史量才早對(duì)慧芝生有愛(ài)意，也是落花有主，于是慧芝便成了史量才的愛(ài)妾，改名為秋水。沈秋水的巨資也為史量才盤(pán)進(jìn)《申報(bào)》創(chuàng)造了條件。

史量才親筆為這幢別墅題寫(xiě)門(mén)匾“秋水山莊”，“秋水”二字取自《詩(shī)經(jīng)》“所謂伊人，在水一方”的“秋水伊人”之意。秋水山莊樓后有仿《紅樓夢(mèng)》怡紅院格局而建成的私家花園。園內(nèi)樓臺(tái)亭閣，花木扶疏，庭園、溪流、假山、長(zhǎng)廊，迂回曲折，可以坐石聽(tīng)泉、憑欄看花，凸顯詩(shī)情畫(huà)意；四根青石方柱貫通天地，與白色欄桿相配，線(xiàn)條纖細(xì)、柔和。二樓朱紅色花格窗沿用了傳統(tǒng)的樣式，簡(jiǎn)潔、協(xié)調(diào)，可稱(chēng)得上是掩映在綠蔭碧水間的一幢風(fēng)情別致的小別墅。站在山莊二樓陽(yáng)臺(tái)上，遠(yuǎn)可眺白堤桃柳、湖光山色，近可觀(guān)葛嶺霞暉、孤山放鶴亭，是一處絕佳的居所。

史量才偕沈秋水經(jīng)常來(lái)杭州秋水山莊小住，在這里操琴、賦詩(shī)，放松心情，靜靜地休憩。1932年“一·二八”后，秋高氣爽的一天，史量才在山莊憑欄遠(yuǎn)眺湖山，情景滿(mǎn)懷，吟出《秋水山莊》一詩(shī)：“晴光曠渺絕塵埃，麗日封窗曉夢(mèng)回。禽語(yǔ)泉聲通性命，湖光嵐翠繞樓臺(tái)。山中歲月無(wú)今古，世外風(fēng)煙空往來(lái)。案上橫琴溫舊課，卷簾人對(duì)牡丹開(kāi)?！?/p>

成為《申報(bào)》報(bào)主后，史量才對(duì)報(bào)紙進(jìn)行多項(xiàng)改革。1912年他接手時(shí)《申報(bào)》發(fā)行量?jī)H7000余份，到了1926年上升至14萬(wàn)余份。史量才還興建了《申報(bào)》新館，買(mǎi)下了《新聞報(bào)》的股權(quán)。他又專(zhuān)為杭州的讀者辦了《杭州副刊》，專(zhuān)報(bào)速送。史量才并創(chuàng)辦了一系列社會(huì)文化產(chǎn)業(yè)，《申報(bào)》成為當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)最有影響的現(xiàn)代報(bào)紙之一。他主持的《申報(bào)》大力宣傳抗日，反對(duì)國(guó)民黨當(dāng)局的不抵抗政策和專(zhuān)制統(tǒng)治。特別是1932年5月后，《申報(bào)》的鋒芒指向國(guó)民黨當(dāng)局的“剿共”政策，使國(guó)民黨當(dāng)局如坐針氈，恨之入骨。

1934年11月1 3日午后，一輛私家轎車(chē)從秋水山莊緩緩駛出，車(chē)上坐的正是史量才一家。誰(shuí)知車(chē)行至海寧翁家埠時(shí)，忽遭國(guó)民黨軍統(tǒng)特務(wù)狙擊暗殺。史量才猝不及防，飲彈身亡，年僅56歲。

史量才遇難，沈秋水悲痛欲絕，萬(wàn)念俱灰。在安葬史量才之前的家祭上，她素衣素服，懷抱一架和史量才共同彈奏過(guò)樂(lè)曲的七弦琴，在靈柩前彈了最后一曲：“望穿為水，不見(jiàn)伊人的倩影；更殘漏盡，孤雁二三聲……”曲盡弦斷，她徐徐將琴投入火缸。

1935年5月史公靈柩從上海運(yùn)往杭州秋水山莊。沈秋水根據(jù)史量才與西湖諸多英杰地下結(jié)鄰的遺愿，將靈柩厚葬在西湖吉慶山麓。這里風(fēng)景幽美，史量才魂歸西湖。在他的墓碑上，章太炎題寫(xiě)了《墓志銘》。沈秋水將秋水山莊這座“送給你作永久的紀(jì)念”——丈夫的信物捐贈(zèng)于社會(huì)慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。后來(lái)秋水山莊又成為西湖新新飯店的一部分。

話(huà)劇《秋水山莊》再現(xiàn)歷史的真實(shí)故事

《秋水山莊》是浙江話(huà)劇團(tuán)出品的“民國(guó)三部曲”系列的壓軸之作，也是2017浙話(huà)新春話(huà)劇節(jié)的新戲。近年來(lái)，浙話(huà)一直以弘揚(yáng)浙江文化為己任，創(chuàng)作了像《再見(jiàn)徽因》《憐香伴》等極具文化底蘊(yùn)，票房、口碑俱佳的話(huà)劇?！肚锼角f》由著名劇作家龔應(yīng)恬編劇、話(huà)劇導(dǎo)演李伯男執(zhí)導(dǎo)，主演清一色由“浙話(huà)”演員擔(dān)綱。劇中除講述史量才、沈秋水這段傳奇的愛(ài)情故事外，還展現(xiàn)了大時(shí)代的波瀾起伏和風(fēng)云激蕩。

在導(dǎo)演李伯男的心中，史量才與沈秋水的愛(ài)情，唯美又有歷史厚度。為此，他專(zhuān)門(mén)請(qǐng)來(lái)了當(dāng)代著名劇作家、電影導(dǎo)演龔應(yīng)恬作為該劇的編劇。龔應(yīng)恬寫(xiě)過(guò)很多部著名的話(huà)劇本子，比如被評(píng)為中國(guó)話(huà)劇最高獎(jiǎng)“金獅獎(jiǎng)”的《與妻書(shū)》、“中國(guó)戲劇文化獎(jiǎng)”大型劇本金獎(jiǎng)的話(huà)劇《盛和居》。當(dāng)然他最為觀(guān)眾熟知的作品是電影《瘋狂的石頭》?？墒敲鎸?duì)《秋水山莊》這樣一個(gè)民國(guó)文人題材，龔應(yīng)恬收回了自己全部的黑色幽默，內(nèi)容寫(xiě)得很端正。

話(huà)劇演出伊始，沈秋水一身素凈的月白色衫子，背一把古琴，卻把10萬(wàn)兩銀票的包裹，托付給第一次見(jiàn)面的史量才保管，然后帶出一段姻緣。

沈秋水的身世是如此凄涼，5歲時(shí)被賣(mài)進(jìn)花樓，之后又被一老邁的皇室貝勒贖身到北京做妾，貝勒病逝后，攜巨金回到上海。可是像她這樣無(wú)依無(wú)靠的女子，在那個(gè)動(dòng)蕩時(shí)代宛若一葉扁舟，只能隨波逐流。盡管不少男人都愛(ài)她，都想得到這個(gè)在深夜會(huì)情不自禁暗自垂淚的女子，可沈秋水是高傲的。她讀書(shū)看報(bào)，有自己的主見(jiàn)，最終嫁給有抱負(fù)的新聞巨子史量才作二太太，又資助他收購(gòu)了《申報(bào)》。一切都似乎很完美，但沈秋水還是憂(yōu)郁。

于是，要解開(kāi)沈秋水的心結(jié)，成為話(huà)劇《秋水山莊》最為勾人的一幕。探究這個(gè)女人的內(nèi)心，原來(lái)她的抑郁來(lái)自她的深情。她不確定史量才娶她，是因?yàn)閻?ài)她還是因?yàn)樗腻X(qián)財(cái)。更為要命的是，她父親當(dāng)年也是一位被暗殺的正直報(bào)人，于是她把父親的遺志轉(zhuǎn)嫁到了史量才身上。編劇龔應(yīng)恬的高明之處在于大刀闊斧地砍去了那些傳奇，而只保留了沈秋水的深情。舞臺(tái)上每一個(gè)人的性格都是如此真實(shí)，徐志摩尖刻的追問(wèn)、郁達(dá)夫的打圓場(chǎng)，還有陸小曼和王映霞婀娜的倩影，這些才子佳人的魂魄，斑斑駁駁，搖曳在舞臺(tái)的光影中。直到后來(lái)，史量才在離婚之際，終于解除了沈秋水的心病?！鞍禋ⅰ蹦菆?chǎng)戲，導(dǎo)演李伯男處理得沉靜又真切，讓人感慨萬(wàn)千：沈秋水冒死要替他做擋箭牌，史量才為了她又身處險(xiǎn)境最后中槍飲彈。

一個(gè)是有抱負(fù)的新聞巨子史量才，一個(gè)是多才多藝的女子沈秋水，關(guān)于他們的結(jié)合，民間軼事本就很多。不過(guò)關(guān)于《秋水山莊》的創(chuàng)作，龔應(yīng)恬表示：“傳說(shuō)是很多，但多不可信。”他更關(guān)心的是在歷史大背景下，他們的人格，關(guān)心真實(shí)結(jié)果里邏輯的追問(wèn)，并試圖觸碰他們傳奇背后作為普通人的真實(shí)靈魂，“史量才和沈秋水的真實(shí)結(jié)局就足夠讓我們難過(guò)的了。細(xì)心去感受，我們都能與那段歷史溝通和交流。時(shí)代變了，物和人還是很相似?！?/p>

在首演大獲成功的那個(gè)晚上，編劇龔應(yīng)恬上臺(tái)謝幕。他說(shuō)，史量才有一句話(huà)一直讓自己印象深刻，那就是“人有人格，報(bào)有報(bào)格，國(guó)有國(guó)格”?！拔揖把鏊麄?，我愛(ài)他們。在創(chuàng)作的過(guò)程里，我很難過(guò)，落淚。我能做的只是盡可能地再現(xiàn)他們的家國(guó)情懷。我們對(duì)這樣具有思想意義的話(huà)題的探討也僅僅是開(kāi)始?！?/p>

首演結(jié)束后，觀(guān)眾的好評(píng)不斷。很多觀(guān)眾反映，“這是一部歷史與當(dāng)下交融、愛(ài)國(guó)與愛(ài)情貫通的民國(guó)大劇，既有歷史深度，又表達(dá)了時(shí)代關(guān)懷”。秋水山莊現(xiàn)在的管理方——新新飯店的總經(jīng)理葉華明看完戲后非常欣喜地說(shuō)道：“浙江話(huà)劇團(tuán)排演話(huà)劇《秋水山莊》，這是一次歷史文化和戲劇藝術(shù)的很好結(jié)合，對(duì)于宣傳杭州的文物建筑、人文歷史具有非常重要的意義?！?/p>

Drama Memorializes Romance

By Zhang Mei

Zhejiang Drama Troupe performed for two nights in January 2017 in Hangzhou. The play reproduced the romance and the tragedy of Shi Liangcai and Shen Qiushui. The performance raised the curtains for a series of performances in Hangzhou in honor of the 110th anniversary of drama in China. The project aims to glorify the tradition of the Chinese drama that has always taken the people as its major characters since its birth.

The play by Zhejiang Drama Troupe is based on a real story between Shi Liangcai and Shen Qiushui. The resort， an affair of architectural elegance and romantic poetry， still stands in the shade of towering phoenix trees by a lakeside avenue on the northern shore of the West Lake in Hangzhou.

Shi Liangcai caused a sensation in 1912， one year after the downfall of the Qing Dynasty （1644-1911）， in Shanghai when he spent 120，000 silver dollars and acquired Shun Pao， a newspaper which was founded in 1872 in Shanghai and ended its business in May 1949. Back then， he was in his early 30s. The acquisition made him one of the youngest newspaper tycoons in Shanghai.

It was Shi who made the newspaper a national medium. When he took over the newspaper， its daily issue amounted to just over 7，000. Under his watch， its daily circulation rose to over 140，000. He built a new office building for the newspaper and bought shares of Daily News， another newspaper published in Shanghai. He also printed a special edition for readers in Hangzhou. It was delivered to readers in Hangzhou. Shun Pao was one of the countrys most influential newspapers. It spanned the last decades of the Qing Dynasty， the years when the warlords ruled in Beijing and the Republic decades in the hands of Chiang Kai-shek. When Japan started invading China in 1931， Shi Liangcai called for national resistance in the newspaper. In May 1932， the newspaper blasted the Kuomintangs crackdown on the Communist Party. His opposition to the governments policy antagonized him.

He was assassinated on the afternoon of November 13， 1934. The 56-year-old newspaper publisher was riding a private car from Hangzhou to Shanghai when he was ambushed by a group of special agents of the government. He was hunted down and killed.

Shen Qiushui was a geisha in Shanghai in the last years of the Qing. Shen was attracted by Shi Liangcai for his business acumen. In trouble， she entrusted Shi with a huge amount of money. The two came together. The money Shen had put in the custody of Shi later became part of the cash Shi paid for the newspaper he acquired.

In 1932， Shi Liangcai built the resort on the West Lake and named it after Shen. It is said that the resort was built on the prototype of Happy Red Court in ， a classical novel of the Qing Dynasty. The garden looked wonderful. It was a getaway for the couple living in Shanghai.

After the assassination， Shen Qiushui buried Shi by the West Lake in Hangzhou in May 1935. Shen later donated the lakeside property to a charity organization in Hangzhou. It was later part of Xinxin Hotel. It is still part of the hotel today.

The new drama by Zhejiang Drama Troupe is the last play of the trio set in the background of the Republic years and produced by the troupe. The play was also a new production for the drama festival of the troupe. Over years， the troupe has produced some good plays that are critically acclaimed and profitable.

It is worth mentioning that the play was penned by Gong Yingtian， a heavyweight playwright whose works have won top national awards. His best known script is ， a blockbuster black comedy film in 2006.