葉燕彬,安榮澤,齊新文*,鄺立鵬,陳軍平,謝炳龍,鐘澤填
[1.遵義醫(yī)學(xué)院第五附屬(珠海)醫(yī)院骨科,廣東 珠海 519000;2.遵義醫(yī)學(xué)院第五附屬(珠海)醫(yī)院檢驗(yàn)科,廣東 珠海 519000]
2型糖尿病老年男性患者血清鐵蛋白、骨硬化蛋白與骨密度的相關(guān)性
葉燕彬1,安榮澤1,齊新文1*,鄺立鵬1,陳軍平1,謝炳龍2,鐘澤填2
[1.遵義醫(yī)學(xué)院第五附屬(珠海)醫(yī)院骨科,廣東 珠海 519000;2.遵義醫(yī)學(xué)院第五附屬(珠海)醫(yī)院檢驗(yàn)科,廣東 珠海 519000]
目的 分析2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)老年男性患者血清鐵蛋白(serum ferritin,SF)、血清骨硬化蛋白(serum sclerostin,Sost)水平與骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)的相關(guān)性。方法 采用雙光能X線骨密度測量儀對48例70歲以上男性2型糖尿病患者進(jìn)行正位L2~4、左側(cè)股骨的股骨頸、Ward’s三角區(qū)及大轉(zhuǎn)子區(qū)域骨密度測量,并檢測SF、Sost、糖化血紅蛋白(hemoglobin A1c,HbA1c)水平;再用相同的測量方法測定48例血糖正常的70歲以上老年男性的相同指標(biāo)作為對照組;回顧性統(tǒng)計(jì)分析SF、Sost水平與各部位BMD的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果 a)T2DM組Sost(325.56±123.63)pg/mL,SF(565.72±237.63)ng/mL水平顯著高于對照組(204.64±84.76)pg/mL,(355.26±107.62)ng/mL,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。b)HbA1c與Sost、SF水平呈正相關(guān)。c)T2DM組Sost、SF水平與股骨頸、Ward’s三角骨密度呈負(fù)相關(guān),但與L2~4及大轉(zhuǎn)子區(qū)域骨密度無相關(guān)性。結(jié)論 T2DM老年男性患者Sost、SF水平較非糖尿病老年男性患者顯著增高,前者Sost、SF水平與髖部骨密度呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),表明血糖控制不良可能引起2型糖尿病老年男性患者Sost、SF水平升高,從而抑制了骨形成,最終導(dǎo)致了髖部骨密度的下降。
2型糖尿??;骨硬化蛋白;血清鐵蛋白;骨密度
2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)合并骨質(zhì)疏松癥(osteoporosis,OP)是指2型糖尿病導(dǎo)致骨量減少,骨組織微結(jié)構(gòu)破壞,骨的脆性增加,從而易發(fā)生骨折的全身性代謝性骨病,致骨折及致殘率高[1-2]。近年來,血清鐵蛋白(serum ferritin,SF)和血清骨硬化蛋白(serum sclerostin,Sost)被證實(shí)與2型糖尿病骨質(zhì)疏松的發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關(guān)[3-6]。骨質(zhì)疏松癥的最嚴(yán)重后果是導(dǎo)致骨質(zhì)疏松性骨折(脆性骨折),其中髖部脆性骨折最為常見,預(yù)后最差[7]。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)[8-9],髖部骨折后,20%以上的女性和40%以上的男性患者會在1年內(nèi)死亡,大約50%患者致殘。全世界范圍內(nèi)所有髖部脆性骨折的患者中,男性患者約占30%,1990年人數(shù)為51萬,預(yù)計(jì)到2025年男性髖部脆性骨折的人數(shù)將達(dá)到116萬人。但骨質(zhì)疏松男性患者即使是發(fā)生脆性骨折后也很少像女性患者那樣接受正規(guī)抗骨質(zhì)疏松治療(低于10%的男性脆性骨折患者在住院期間接受過抗骨質(zhì)疏松治療)[10]。故髖部脆性骨折致殘率和病死率極高,其中男性髖部脆性骨折病情常更嚴(yán)重,致死率遠(yuǎn)高于女性。本研究通過探討2型糖尿病老年男性患者SF,Sost與骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)的相關(guān)性,旨在揭示2型糖尿病老年男性患者SF,Sost水平對各部位BMD,尤其是髖部BMD的影響。
1.1 研究對象 選取2014年5月至2016年4月在遵義醫(yī)學(xué)院第五附屬(珠海)醫(yī)院骨科二病區(qū)住院的老年男性患者96例,年齡70~88歲,均排除以下相關(guān)疾病及并發(fā)癥:a)合并糖尿病酮癥酸中毒、高滲性非酮癥糖尿病昏迷及其他急性并發(fā)癥;b)合并甲狀腺或甲狀旁腺系統(tǒng)疾病、庫欣綜合征、類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎;c)合并肝腎功能異常;d)合并血液系統(tǒng)疾??;e)近期使用糖皮質(zhì)激素或影響骨代謝的其他相關(guān)藥物;f)近期發(fā)生骨折的患者。
1.1.1 T2DM組 以48例合并2型糖尿病患者為T2DM組,平均年齡(77.28±5.31)歲,糖尿病病程5年以上,入院前均接受胰島素降糖治療。
1.1.2 對照組 以48例無糖尿病史患者為對照組,平均年齡(76.54±4.60)歲。
1.2 診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 2型糖尿病的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 參考T2DM1999年世界衛(wèi)生組織(world henlth organization,WHO)的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[11],并排除T1DM。
1.3 研究方法
1.3.1 糖化血紅蛋白(hemoglobin A1c,HbA1c),SF,Sost的測定 所有研究對象均于清晨空腹抽取靜脈血送我院檢驗(yàn)科進(jìn)行檢測。血清收集:采集晨起空腹靜脈血5 mL,不加抗凝劑。在離心機(jī)3 000 r/min離心5 min后,分出血清后置于-80℃冰箱保存待測。HbA1c由美國Trinity Biotech公司生產(chǎn)的Premier Hb9210型糖化血紅蛋白分析儀進(jìn)行測定。SF由瑞士羅氏公司生產(chǎn)的Cobase601型全自動電化學(xué)發(fā)光免疫分析儀進(jìn)行測定。Sost由武漢貝茵萊生物科技有限公司提供的Bio-Swamp酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法試劑盒進(jìn)行測定,嚴(yán)格按說明書操作。
1.3.2 雙光能X線骨密度檢測 使用法國生產(chǎn)的雙光能X線骨密度儀(Challenger,DMS)進(jìn)行L2~4、左側(cè)股骨頸、Ward’s三角區(qū)及大轉(zhuǎn)子區(qū)域骨密度測量,單位以g/cm2表示。
2.1 一般資料比較 兩組年齡、身體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(body mass index,BMI)的比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),詳細(xì)資料見表1。
表1 兩組一般資料比較(±s)
2.2 兩組Sost、SF、HbA1c的比較 T2DM組Sost、SF、HbA1c水平較對照組高,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),詳細(xì)資料見表2。
表2 兩組Sost、SF、HbA1c比較(±s)
2.3 BMD的比較 兩組L2~4BMD比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),T2DM組股骨頸、Ward’s三角區(qū)及大轉(zhuǎn)子區(qū)域BMD較對照組低,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),詳細(xì)資料見表3。
表3 兩組BMD結(jié)果比較(±s,g/cm2)
2.4 T2DM組Sost、SF與BMD、HbA1c的相關(guān)性分析 a)Sost與股骨頸BMD在P=0.01水平呈顯著負(fù)性相關(guān)(r=-0.650);與Ward’s三角BMD在P=0.01水平呈顯著負(fù)性相關(guān)(r=-0.674);Sost與L2~4、大轉(zhuǎn)子BMD呈負(fù)性相關(guān),但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。b)SF與股骨頸BMD在P=0.01水平呈顯著負(fù)性相關(guān)(r=-0.531);與Ward’s三角BMD在P=0.01水平呈顯著負(fù)性相關(guān)(r=-0.462);SF與L2~4、大轉(zhuǎn)子BMD呈負(fù)性相關(guān),但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。c)Sost與HbA1c在P=0.01水平呈顯著正性相關(guān)(r=0.676);SF與HbA1c在P=0.01水平呈顯著正性相關(guān)(r=0.365),詳細(xì)資料見表4。
表4 T2DM組Sost、SF與BMD、HbA1c的相關(guān)性分析
2013年由國際糖尿病聯(lián)盟發(fā)布的糖尿病流行病學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)表明:全球已有3.82億糖尿病患者,且在未來25年內(nèi)患者數(shù)將超過5.92億[12]。糖尿病是以慢性高血糖為特征的一組代謝性疾病,可同時(shí)造成體內(nèi)骨密度和骨質(zhì)量的下降[13],因骨密度和骨質(zhì)量是反映骨骼強(qiáng)度的兩個(gè)主要方面[14],兩者的下降勢必影響骨強(qiáng)度,導(dǎo)致骨質(zhì)疏松癥的發(fā)生。早在1948年,Albright[15]就首次提出糖尿病性骨質(zhì)疏松癥的觀點(diǎn),近年來圍繞上述兩種疾病發(fā)病關(guān)聯(lián)機(jī)制的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),SF和骨硬化蛋白與2型糖尿病和骨質(zhì)疏松癥的病情發(fā)展有著密切關(guān)系。骨硬化蛋白作為Wnt/β-catenin典型信號通路的重要負(fù)性抑制因子之一,在骨質(zhì)疏松的發(fā)病機(jī)制中起著重要作用,2型糖尿病患者血清骨硬化蛋白水平較非糖尿病患者明顯增高[16-17],高水平骨硬化蛋白表示生物體內(nèi)骨形成能力受到抑制,造成骨質(zhì)量的下降[3]。血清鐵蛋白是反映機(jī)體鐵負(fù)荷的主要生化指標(biāo),游離鐵的大量增加,可導(dǎo)致氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)的發(fā)生,從而損傷胰島素分泌功能和葡萄糖耐量,使血糖進(jìn)一步升高[18]。有研究表明,鐵過多主要可導(dǎo)致成骨細(xì)胞功能抑制,骨形成下降,造成骨量的丟失,從而影響骨強(qiáng)度,導(dǎo)致骨質(zhì)疏松的發(fā)生[5-6,19]。
性別和年齡是血清鐵蛋白和骨硬化蛋白的兩個(gè)獨(dú)立影響因子[20]。本研究只選擇老年男性作為研究對象,排除了上述兩個(gè)獨(dú)立影響因子,特別是排除了絕經(jīng)后女性對血清鐵蛋白和骨硬化蛋白的影響。本研究結(jié)果表明,2型糖尿病老年男性患者骨密度下降和髖部骨質(zhì)疏松情況較非糖尿病老年男性患者更加嚴(yán)重,前者可能合并更高的脆性骨折風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和骨折不愈合概率。且通過相關(guān)性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),2型糖尿病老年男性患者血清鐵蛋白和骨硬化蛋白水平與股骨頸和ward’s三角區(qū)骨密度值呈顯著負(fù)性相關(guān)。綜上所述,2型糖尿病老年男性患者體內(nèi)血清鐵蛋白和骨硬化蛋白水平顯著升高,是造成骨強(qiáng)度下降的一個(gè)重要危險(xiǎn)因素,而血清鐵蛋白和骨硬化蛋白水平與HbA1c呈顯著正性相關(guān),說明長期血糖控制不良是造成上述兩種蛋白升高的重要因素之一,間接導(dǎo)致骨密度的下降。故良好的血糖控制和注重髖部的骨密度監(jiān)測是此類患者脆性骨折重要的防治手段。
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Correlation between the Serum Ferritin as well as Sclerostin and Bone Mineral Density in Elderly Male Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Ye Yanbin,An Rongze,Qi Xinwen,et al
(Department of Orthopedics,F(xiàn)ifty Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College,Zhuhai 519000,China)
Objective To analyze the correlation between serum ferritin(SF) as well as serum sclerostin(Sost) levels and bone mineral density(BMD) in elderly male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods The dual-energy X-ray bone densitometers(Challenger,DMS,F(xiàn)rance) manufactured in France was adopted to determine the BMD in the second to the fourth lumbar vertebra(L2~4) in anteroposterior position,the left femoral neck,the Ward’s triangle area as well as the greater trochanter region of the 48 cases of elderly male T2DM patients with the age of above 70-year-old;in addition,the SF,Sost and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) levels were determined;then the same measuring method was utilized to measure the same indicators of the 48 cases of elderly male non-T2DM patients with the age of above 70-year-old(the control group);and retrospective statistical analysis was conducted to analyze the correlation between the SF as well as Sost levels and the BMD in each part.Results Firstly,the Sost(325.56±123.63)pg/mL and SF(565.72 ±237.63)ng/mL levels in the T2DM group were remarkably higher than those in the control group(204.64±84.76)pg/mL and(355.26±107.62)ng/mL,respectively,with the difference being of highly statistical significance(P<0.01).Secondly,HbA1c was positively correlated with the Sost and SF levels.Thirdly,the Sost and SF levels in the T2DM group were negatively correlated with the BMD in the femoral neck and the Ward’s triangle area,but they showed no correlation with that in the L2~4and the greater trochanter region.Conclusion The results indicated that the Sost and SF levels in elderly male patients with T2DM are notably higher than those in elderly male patients with no T2DM;the Sost and SF levels in the former are markedly negatively correlated with the BMD in the hip,which suggested that poor blood glucose control might induce increased Sost and SF levels in elderly male patients with no T2DM,thus inhibits bone formation and finally the decreases BMD in the hip.
type 2 diabetes mellitus;sclerostin;serum ferritin;bone mineral density
貴州省科學(xué)技術(shù)廳基金項(xiàng)目(黔科合J字LKZ 201343);*本文通訊作者:齊新文
1008-5572(2017)02-0138-04
R322.7+1
B
2016-07-18
葉燕彬(1988- ),男,研究生在讀,遵義醫(yī)學(xué)院第五附屬(珠海)醫(yī)院骨科,519000。
葉燕彬,安榮澤,齊新文,等.2型糖尿病老年男性患者血清鐵蛋白、骨硬化蛋白與骨密度的相關(guān)性[J].實(shí)用骨科雜志,2017,23(2):138-141.