ABSTRACT

Reshaping the Authority of Society：A Reflection of Social Construction from the Perspective of Education

(by CHEN Wei)

Abstract：The authority of society is very important for social cohesion and construction. Chinese traditional social authority, with gentry as the main body, had been bred in accordance with the logic ofeducation-examination-personneltrainingandselection-socialgovernanceanddevelopment, operated systematically based on the patriarchal clan system with isomorphic family-country structure, and inherited with the power of Taoism. However, it was being deconstructed in the last 170 years because of the sudden interference of external force and some blind internal force that aimed at self-saving. Since the 16thNational Congress of the Communist Party of China, social construction has been restarted at the national policy level, which inevitably calls for the modern rebuilding of social authority. So, it is urgent to realize the open selection of the main body of social authority and the comprehensive reconstruction of its training, operational and inheritance mechanism.

authority of society, social construction, the perspective of education

The Object ofDasKapital: The Breakthrough Point of Althusser’s Philosophical Reading

(by WANG Qing-feng)

Abstract：Althusser advocates the philosophical reading ofDasKapital, the breakthrough point of which is to rethink the object ofDasKapital. He reveals the things hidden in classical economics by the method of symptomatic reading and makes knowledge into a kind of production. The object of classical economics is the definite established “economic reality”, and closely linked with humanistic ideology.DasKapitalrediscovers surplus value, which is not the economic fact in the sense of number, but the concept derived from the reality. Unlike the homogeneous plane space in classical economics, the object structure ofDasKapitalis a complex space based on the production relations. Thus, Althusser establishes the doctrine of scientific Marxism based onDasKapital, and in his view, we can only find the Marx’s real philosophy inDasKapital.

Key words: the method of symptomatic reading; object; concept;DasKapital

“Form Critique” and “Stop-Creating Capitalism”: John Holloway’s Construction of the Threshold ofDasKapitalAnd Its Political Effects

(by SUN Liang)

Abstract：Along with the tradition of “form critique”, Holloway determines that the threshold ofDasKapitalis wealth rather than commodity. The reason lies in the failing in knowing the world of political economics, which results from standing at the threshold of commodity whose capital power framework would make us go round in circles. The world of commodities seems to be irrelevant to our world; and we become victims, the invisible ones. Therefore, the threshold ofDasKapitalshould be set as wealth no matter seeing from the grammar analysis of the first sentence ofDasKapitalor from the “reverse orientation” included in “form critique”, that is the critique to the modes of self-being directed by the moves opposite to unity. To support this set, Holloway employs Theodor Adorno’s negative dialectics and develops it into the concrete evolution idea of “behaviors against abstract labor”, and then he advocates “stop-creating capitalism”, a kind of politics of resistance, to defend human dignity.

Key words: John Holloway;DasKapital; wealth; revolution

Symbol Interdependency in Language Processing: Interactions between Language Statistics and Perceptual Simulation

(by Max Louwerse, HE Xian-you Translated by: DENG Yu-mei, ZHAO Xue-ru, XUE Ying)

Abstract：Over the last two decades, the cognitive sciences have been dominated by the view that cognition can best be explained by an embodied cognition account. According to the embodied cognition account, perceptual simulation plays a critical and fundamental role in most cognitive tasks, at least in language processing tasks with no or at least an inferior role for language statistics. The Symbol Interdependency Hypothesis takes a different view by arguing that both perceptual simulation and language statistics play an important role in language processing, because language encodes perceptual information. Dependent on the stimuli, the cognitive task, the time course of processing as well as individual differences, comprehenders rely relatively more on language statistics or on perceptual information. This paper provides an overview of the debate on symbolic and embodied accounts of cognition, and describes and demonstrates evidence in favor of the Symbol Interdependency Hypothesis.

Key words: Symbol Interdependency; perceptual simulation; language statistics

Cognitive Processing Mechanism of SRC Effect: Evidence from Semantic Adjustment and Visual Negation

(by HE Xian-you, LUO Xiu-zhen, ZHANG Wei, ZHAO Xue-ru, ZHOU Ling-dan, XIAO Ji-ping)

Abstract：In the current study, 5 experiments were conducted to discuss the mechanism of object orientation-based SRC effect in affirmative and negative context by using semantic and non-semantic judging tasks. Results of Experiment 1 suggested there was an evident object orientation-based SRC effect when the rightward tool handle orientation corresponded to right reaction hand; but this effect was not significant in the condition of leftward tool handle orientation corresponding to left reaction hand. Results of Experiment 2 revealed no significant interaction between reaction hands and handle orientation. In Experiment 3, there was also no significant interaction between reaction hands and handle orientation in the condition of rightward tool handle orientation corresponding to right reaction hand, but there was a reversed data pattern for leftward tool handle orientation corresponded to left reaction hand. Both Experiment 4 and Experiment 5 had a similar data pattern, which revealed a disappeared object orientation-based SRC effect no matter the red ring forbidden signs were set above or underneath the tools.

In sum, according with the concepts of embodied cognition, our findings indicate that the pathway from direct visual access to action representation can elicit an obvious object orientation-based SRC effect and reveal a right-handed advantage. But the pathway from semantic knowledge activation to action representation interferes with the object orientation-based SRC effect. In the negative context, the disappeared object orientation-based SRC effect suggests the red ring forbidden signs have an inhibition on the affordances of handled tool pictures, and the nature of this inhibition is the negation of action affordances but not the embodied visual hindrance.

Key words: object orientation-based SRC effect; action representation; direct visual access; semantic knowledge activation; visual negation

The Impact of Socialization on Psychological Contract and Altruistic Behavior of the New Generation Employees: The Moderating Effect of Professional Self-efficacy

(by ZHANG Ling, NIE Ting， ZHAO Mei)

Abstract：In this study, by a paired survey of 314 new generation employees and their supervisors, we explored the mediating effect of psychological contract between organizational socialization and staff altruistic behavior and the moderating effect of professional self-efficacy between socialization and psychological contract. According to the statistical analysis, we found that task mastery, role clarification and social integration influenced the altruistic behavior of the new generation employees through the formation of psychological contract. In addition, it was also found that professional self-efficacy could enhance the relations between task master, social integration and psychological contract. However, the study did not verify the moderating effect of professional self-efficacy between role clarity and psychological contract.

Key words: organizational socialization; psychological contract; altruistic behavior; professional self-efficacy; the new generation employees

Relations of Leaders’ Non-contingent Punishment, Employees’ Perceptions of Organization Politics and Employees’ Willingness to Extra Work: The Moderating Role of Emotional Trust

(by ZHANG Zheng-tang, DIAO Jing-wen, DING Ming-zhi)

Abstract：It’s common for companies to enhance employees’ involvement and effort by punishment in the manufacturing industry of China. However, does the punishment work? There is little extensive study on this topic. Based on related theories, this paper examined the effect of leaders’ non-contingent punishment on employees’ willingness to extra work, as well as the mediating role of employees’ perceptions of organization politics and the moderating role of emotional trust. Through the empirical study on manufacturing industry, we found that the leaders’ non-contingent punishment negatively affected the employees’ willingness to extra work and the employees’ perceptions of organization politics played a mediating role in the process. Besides, the employees’ emotional trust in leaders positively moderated the relationship of non-contingent punishment and perceptions of organization politics, i.e., the emotional trust strengthened the mediating role of employees’ perceptions of organization politics in the relationship of non-contingent punishment and employees’ willingness to extra work. Finally, this paper discussed the study results, and put forward implications for practices and suggestions for the future research.

Key words: non-contingent punishment; willingness to extra work; perceptions of organization politics；emotional trust

Charitable Trust: Analyzing the Related Legislation of Britain and the United States and Exploring Its Development in China

(by ZHOU Xian-ri)

Abstract：In addition to national finance, philanthropy contributes a lot to the development of science and education, public health, culture and sports, povety alleviation and weakling support and so on in the United States, Britain and many other countries and regions that adopt the related ideas and systems of the United States and Britain, which provides a source of financial capital beyond what can be provided by the government. Much philanthropy in the European and American countries is managed according to the charitable trust system, which provides mature fund management and investment mechanism for capital owners, users and regulators, enhances the confidence of donors, and promotes the prosperity of philanthropy. In terms of Chinese philanthropy, there is much room for its improvement in both legislation and practices for that the construction of charitable trust system in Chinese law is at the initial stage and practical problems involving donation transparency, fund procurement, public donating passion and fund management exist in the operation. To improve the current situation of Chinese philanthropy, we can use the feasible procedures, rules and expriences of charitable trust system of the European and American developed countries for reference. Besides, we also need to take some practical measures like seperating the domination of funds, strengthening information disclosure, encouraging donation and guarenteeing the independence of trust property. Only in this way, can we use the donation into national development and people’s life legally, reasonably and efficiently, and can the philanthropy in China realize its sustainable development.

Key words: charitable funds; fund investment; charitable trust

On the Interpretation of the Dialectics of Pure Practical Reason

(by CHEN Shi-fang)

Abstract：Dialectics is one kind of art about the critique of dialectical illusion. Pure Practical Reason seeks the person who is not restricted for the person who is restricted by desire. The person who is not restricted is not the motivation of will but the whole object of Pure Practical Reason, that is ultimate goodness. Ultimate goodness is the combination of virtue and happiness, and the combination exhibits the character of antinomy when following the code of ethics, which is actually out of the misunderstanding of the relationship between noumenon and phenomenon. The assumption of free will proves the inevitability of the code of ethics and the ultimate goodness, and the realization of virtue and happiness needs the assumption of soul immortality and God existing.

Key words: freedom; the code of ethics; ultimate goodness; soul; God

The Problem of Moral Normativity and Its Solutions

(by CHEN Dai-dong)

Abstract：The problem of moral normativity is a core issue of contemporary moral philosophy. There are two kinds of solutions to it: one emphasizes the stimulation of the first-person agent’s motivation, and its representative personage is Christine Marion Korsgaard, who holds the view that only the agents themselves endorse and accept the moral requirements, shall he or she obey them; the other one emphasizes the third-person theoretical arguments, and its representative personage is Derek Parfit, who insists that as long as the moral requirements are sufficiently reasonable, the agents can be persuaded to comply with them. Seeing from the reasons of action, the problem of moral normativity contains three dimensions of normalizing, justifying and motivating, and the most important issue is the tension between normalizing reasons and motivating reasons. In order to solve this problem, we need to realize the harmony between normalizing reasons and motivating reasons.

Key words: normativity; the problem of moral normativity; nomalizing reasons; motivating reasons

From Tradition to Modernity: The Narrative of Justice in the Late Qing Literature

(by CUI Yun-hua)

Abstract：From the end of the 19thcentury to the beginning of the 20thcentury, Chinese literature completed its innovation of connotation and form, and in the justice narrative with characteristics of the era, the meaning of modernity gradually formed. Facing the native resources and foreign elements, critics of legal case literature showed a diverse and vivid narrative attitude of justice, and they conducted an open “dialogue” on the different writing styles and aesthetic styles of Chinese and Western cases. In this sense, the case narrative had the original ecological meaning that the modern people lack, so it must be brought into the modern cultural system. In the narrative of folk cases, we found an oral routine which is different from the “planned” pattern of elite writing works. In certain contexts, the unintentional oral literature could become a carrier that national culture approves of.

Key words: literature; legal case; modernity; nationality; narrative of justice

Assessing Translation Practices and Chen Duxiu’s Modernist Conception of Literature

(by LONG Yang-zhi)

Abstract：Chen Duxiu’s approach to translation inspired the reconsideration of Chinese culture, not only by providing new materials, but also in a way touching the very essence of how people thought and acted. It thus provided significant theoretical support for the New Culture Movement, offered a fresh starting point of reflecting on the history of China’s modernization and acted as a prerequisite for the literary innovation of the early 20thcentury. Through the translation practices Chen Duxiu got his judgement of Chinese cultural values that “the West is superior and China inferior.” It was this notion that played a prominent role in defining the subsequent perceptions on literature modernism and the revolution in literature, and profoundly influenced the general development of new literature.

Key words: Chen Duxiu;XinQingNian(NewYouth); translation; new literature, modernity