馮銀平 谷麗萍 馮亮 李維梅 馬方 魏麗 祝超瑜
·論著·
胰腺脂肪沉積的超聲評估及其與糖尿病高危因素的關(guān)系
馮銀平 谷麗萍 馮亮 李維梅 馬方 魏麗 祝超瑜
目的 探討超聲評估胰腺脂肪沉積的可行性,分析胰腺脂肪沉積與糖尿病高危因素的關(guān)系。方法 2015年10月至2016年1月間上海交通大學(xué)附屬第六人民醫(yī)院東院進(jìn)行糖尿病流行病學(xué)調(diào)查,共調(diào)查294人,其中糖尿病(DM)111人,糖代謝異常(IGR)54人,健康者129人。記錄受檢者一般資料,采集空腹血行ALT、AST等生物化學(xué)指標(biāo)及胰島素檢測,計算胰島素抵抗指數(shù)(HOMA2-IR)和胰島素分泌指數(shù)(HOMA-IS)。采用超聲評估胰腺脂肪沉積,以腹直肌為參照物將胰腺回聲分為1、2、3級。各組間胰腺脂肪沉積檢出率應(yīng)用χ2檢驗分析,影響胰腺脂肪沉積的糖尿病高危因素采用多因素Logistic回歸分析。結(jié)果 健康組檢出胰腺脂肪沉積42例(33.3%),其中1級19例,2級16例,3級8例;IGR組檢出30例(55.6%),其中1、2、3級分別為14、11、5例;DM組檢出67例(60.4%),其中1、2、3級分別為37、18、12例。3組間胰腺脂肪沉積檢出率的差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01) 。多因素Logistic回歸分析顯示,體重指數(shù)(BMI)、HOMA2-IR、三酰甘油(TG)、總膽固醇(TC)可能是IGR、DM患者胰腺脂肪沉積的高危因素。結(jié)論 超聲評估胰腺脂肪沉積具有可行性,胰腺脂肪沉積與糖尿病的多個高危因素相關(guān)。
胰腺; 超聲檢查; 脂肪沉積; 糖尿??; 危險因素
Fund program:The Technology Development Innovation Grant of Pudong New District(PKJ2013-Y70);Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning(20134023);The Key Discipline Group Program in Health of Pudong New Distribution, Shanghai(PWZxq2014-07)
近年來胰腺脂肪沉積與糖代謝異常的關(guān)系日趨受到重視。有關(guān)前瞻性糖尿病研究的數(shù)據(jù)表明,在血糖升高的前幾年胰腺功能已明顯降低[1-2],胰腺脂肪沉積并不是由于糖尿病的存在[3],其含量與體重指數(shù)的增加、胰島素抵抗、代謝綜合征[4-7]及肝脂肪含量密切相關(guān)。然而,有關(guān)胰腺脂肪含量與胰島B細(xì)胞功能關(guān)系的報道結(jié)果并不一致。有研究表明,空腹血糖受損(impaired fasting glucose,IFG)及葡萄糖耐量(impaired glucose tolerance, IGT)低下人群的胰脂肪含量與胰島素分泌呈負(fù)相關(guān)。也有研究報道,B細(xì)胞功能與胰腺脂肪在IFG或IGT異常者[8]或糖尿病受試者之間沒有關(guān)聯(lián)。本研究采用超聲評估糖代謝異常人群的胰腺脂肪沉積,分析其與糖尿病高危因素的相關(guān)性。
一、研究對象
2015年10月至2016年1月間上海交通大學(xué)附屬第六人民醫(yī)院東院進(jìn)行糖尿病流行病學(xué)調(diào)查,共調(diào)查294人,其中糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)111人,平均年齡(62±3)歲;糖代謝異常(impaired glucose regulation, IGR)54人,平均年齡(58±2)歲;健康者129人,平均年齡(58±0)歲。DM及IGR診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)均符合中國2型糖尿病防治指南(2013年版) 的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[9]。
二、觀察指標(biāo)
記錄受檢者性別、年齡、身高、體重、腰圍(腰部肋下緣與髂前上棘連線中點處周徑)、臀圍(臀部最大周徑),計算體重指數(shù)(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)。
抽取受檢者空腹血,應(yīng)用全自動生化分析儀檢測血谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALT)、谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST)、總膽固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、空腹血糖(FPG)、C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)。應(yīng)用放射免疫法測定空腹血胰島素(FINS),穩(wěn)態(tài)模型評估法計算胰島素抵抗指數(shù)(insulin resistance index,HOMA2-IR)和胰島素分泌指數(shù)(insulin secretion index,HOMA-IS)。HOMA2-IR=空腹胰島素×FPG÷22.5),HOMA-IS=20×FPG÷(FPG-3.5)。
三、胰腺超聲檢查
使用Philips iU Elite實時超聲診斷儀進(jìn)行檢查,凸陣探頭頻率3.5MHz。受檢者空腹12 h,取平臥位,常規(guī)掃查胰腺區(qū)域,觀察胰腺形態(tài)、大小、邊界及內(nèi)部回聲強(qiáng)度。以腹直肌為參照物對胰腺回聲分級:胰腺回聲與腹直肌相等或較肝臟回聲稍強(qiáng)為1級,胰腺回聲高于腹直肌低于腹后壁脂肪為2級,胰腺回聲與腹后壁脂肪相等為3級(圖1)。
四、統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理
圖1 正常胰腺回聲(1A)及胰腺回聲強(qiáng)度1級(1B)、2級(1C)、3級(1D)的超聲圖像
一、胰腺脂肪沉積檢出情況
健康組檢出胰腺脂肪沉積42例,其中1級19例,2級16例,3級8例;IGR組檢出30例,其中1、2、3級分別為14、11、5例;DM組檢出67例,其中1、2、3級分別為37、18、12例。健康組、IGR組、DM組胰腺脂肪沉積檢出率分別為33.3%、55.6%、60.4%,胰腺脂肪沉積檢出率隨糖尿病病程的進(jìn)展逐漸增加(χ2=19.14,P<0.01) 。
二、各組觀察指標(biāo)的變化
健康組、IGR組、DM組間TC、TG、LDL-C、FPG、HOMA2-IR、HOMA-IS的差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,而AST、ALT、HDL-C、CRP、FINS的差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(表1)。
表1 健康組、IGR組、DM組的各觀察指標(biāo)的變化
三、胰腺脂肪沉積的多因素Logistic回歸分析
健康組的血清TC、TG水平與胰腺脂肪沉積檢出率有關(guān),且TC、TG每增加一個單位,受檢者患胰腺脂肪沉積的概率會增加44%、34%(表2);IGR組的BMI、HOMA2-IR、HOMA-IS、ALT、AST、TG、TC與胰腺脂肪沉積檢出率有關(guān) (表3) ;DM組的BMI、HOMA2-IR TG、TC、LDL-C與胰腺脂肪沉積檢出率有關(guān)(表4) 。BMI、HOMA2-IR、TG、TC可能是IGR、DM患者胰腺形成脂肪沉積的高危因素。
表2 健康組胰腺脂肪沉積的多因素Logistic回歸分析
表3 IGR組胰腺脂肪沉積的多因素Logistic回歸分析
糖尿病是常見的代謝性疾病,與內(nèi)臟脂肪的沉積關(guān)系密切。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)[10-11],有胰腺脂肪浸潤者發(fā)生糖尿病的風(fēng)險增加,認(rèn)為脂肪浸潤的胰腺可能引起胰島細(xì)胞功能異常,B細(xì)胞質(zhì)量和功能喪失,從而導(dǎo)致糖尿病的發(fā)生和發(fā)展。Heni等[12]的研究表明,與糖尿病患者內(nèi)臟脂肪相比,胰腺脂肪是更強(qiáng)的胰島素分泌受損的決定因素。Lee等[13]的研究表明,
表4 DM組胰腺胰腺脂肪沉積的多因素Logistic回歸分析
糖代謝異常大鼠胰島三酰甘油含量顯著增加先于糖尿病發(fā)生。本研究結(jié)果顯示,HOMA2-IR是胰腺脂肪沉積的相關(guān)因素(OR=3.6,95%CI=1.73~3.92),而胰島素抵抗與代謝綜合征和2型糖尿病的發(fā)生、發(fā)展有直接關(guān)系。因此,早期診斷胰腺脂肪沉積,對其危險因素進(jìn)行早期干預(yù),可能對延緩糖尿病的進(jìn)程有積極的意義。
關(guān)于評估胰腺脂肪沉積方法的探討國內(nèi)外報道較少,且有爭議[14]。質(zhì)子核磁共振光譜學(xué)(MRS)長期以來一直被視為非侵入性胰腺脂肪量化的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[14],但因其價格昂貴,臨床上難以大規(guī)模開展。Marks等[15]曾用超聲檢查評估28例胰腺回聲,并與CT圖像的胰腺外觀形態(tài)進(jìn)行比較,結(jié)果表明脂肪沉積是胰腺回聲增強(qiáng)的主要決定因素。Worthen和Beabeau[16]的研究結(jié)果表明,年齡增長和體脂含量也是胰腺回聲增強(qiáng)的因素。本研究采用超聲檢查正常人群、IGR者、DM者的胰腺,以胰腺超聲回聲增強(qiáng)強(qiáng)度評估脂肪沉積的程度,發(fā)現(xiàn)IGR及DM患者胰腺脂肪沉積的檢出率顯著增加,并與IGR、DM患者的 BMI、HOMA2-IR、TG、TC因素均相關(guān)。其中IGR患者的HOMA-IS與胰腺脂肪沉積呈負(fù)相關(guān),這與患者在糖尿病早期胰島素分泌增加、糖尿病期胰島素分泌減少的臨床特征相符。
因超聲具有無創(chuàng)、簡便、快捷、可重復(fù)等獨特優(yōu)點, 應(yīng)用該技術(shù)估測胰腺脂肪沉積不失為一種實用、有效影像學(xué)手段。
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(本文編輯:呂芳萍)
Ultrasonic estimation on pancreatic fat deposition and its relationship with risk factor for diabetes
FengYinping,GuLiping,FengLiang,LiWeimei,MaFang,WeiLi,ZhuChaoyu.
DepartmentofUltrosound,ShanghaiSixthPeoples′Hospital,ShanghaiJiaotongUniversity,Shanghai201306,China
MaFang,Email:mafang59@126.com
Objective To investigate the feasibility of evaluating the pancreatic fat deposition with ultrasound, and analyze the relationship of pancreatic fat deposition with the risk factors for diabetes. Methods Two hundred and ninety-four subjects were recruited in the diabetes epidemic survey of Shanghai Sixth Peoples′ Hospital,Shanghai Jiaotong University from Oct 2015 to Jan 2016, including 111 diabetes mellitus (DM) cases, 54 sugar metabolic abnormalities (IGR) cases, and 129 healthy cases as control group. The general data were collected. Biochemical indicators including ALT, AST and insulin in fasting blood samples were detected, and insulin resistance index (HOMA2-IR) and insulin secretion index (HOMA-IS) were calculated. The pancreatic fat deposition was evaluated by the ultrasound, and pancreas echoes were divided into three levels (1, 2, 3), by comparing with the echo of the rectus. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the pancreatic fat deposition rate, while the Logistic regression was used to figure out the diabetes high-risk factors influencing the pancreatic fat deposition. Results Forty-two subjects were found to have the pancreatic fat deposition in the healthy group (33.3%), of whom 19 cases, 16 cases and 8 cases were categorized into level 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Thirty subjects were found to have the pancreatic fat deposition in the IGR group (55.6%), of whom 14 cases, 11 cases and 5 cases were categorized into level 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Sixty-seven subjects were found to have the pancreatic fat deposition in the DM group (60.4%), of whom 37 cases, 18 cases and 12 cases, were categorized into level 1, 2, 3, respectively. The pancreatic fat deposition rates of the 3 groups were statistically significantly different (P<0.01).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that body mass index (BMI), HOMA2-IR, high triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) may be the-risk factors for the pancreatic fat deposition in IGR and T2DM patients. Conclusions The ultrasound evaluation on pancreatic fat deposition was feasible, and the pancreatic fat deposition was related to multiple high-risk factors for diabetes.
Pancreas; Ultrasonography; Fat deposition; Diabetes mellitus; Risk factors
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2017.01.006
201306 上海,上海交通大學(xué)附屬第六人民醫(yī)院(馮銀平、谷麗萍、馮亮、李維梅、馬方、魏麗、祝超瑜);河南新鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)學(xué)院(馮銀平)
馬方,Email: mafang59@126.com
浦東新區(qū)科技發(fā)展基金創(chuàng)新資金項目(PKJ2013-Y70);上海市衛(wèi)計委重點項目(20134023);上海市浦東新區(qū)衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)重點學(xué)科群建設(shè)項目(PWZxq 2014-07)
2016-07-29)