并列連詞八大考點(diǎn)揭秘

廣東 吳榮華

并列連詞八大考點(diǎn)揭秘

廣東 吳榮華

并列連詞在高考中考查頻率極高。它們數(shù)量較多，彼此聯(lián)系卻又相互區(qū)別。歸結(jié)起來，主要有八大考點(diǎn)。

考點(diǎn)一、and, but與so

連接兩個并列分句時，and表示聯(lián)合或遞進(jìn)，意為“和，也，而且，然后，于是”等；but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“但是”；so表示結(jié)果，意為“因此”。

【例1】（2016全國卷Ⅰ寫作）I know you have a busy schedule, but I’d be very grateful if you could spare some time to go through my application letter and resume and make necessary changes.我知道你工作繁忙，但是如果你能抽時間幫我檢查申請書和個人簡歷，我將不勝感激。

【例2】（2016全國卷Ⅱ?qū)懽鳎㊣ know you can take good pictures and you’ve always wanted to do something for environmental protection.我知道你能拍出效果好的照片，而且你也一直想為環(huán)保做些有益的事情。

【例3】（2013天津卷滿分作文）First, my English is very good and I’m open-minded and warm-hearted, so I’m getting along well with everyone.首先,我的英語很好,而且我性格外向、有一副熱心腸,因此我和每個人相處得很好。

考點(diǎn)二、表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：while, but, however

while表對比，意為“然而”，前后句的主語往往不同；but表轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“但是”，前后句的主語可能相同也可能不同；however也表轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“然而”，但須與逗號連用，放在句中時前后都要加逗號。but后面一般不用逗號。

【例5】（2014蘇州模擬寫作）At school, some students are active while others are shy, but they can be good friends with one another.在學(xué)校，有的學(xué)生很活躍而有的很靦腆，但他們能成為好朋友。

【例6】（2002全國卷寫作）They suggest, however,fees should be charged low.然而，他們建議，費(fèi)用應(yīng)該少收。

考點(diǎn)三、表示因果關(guān)系：for與so

for也可作并列連詞，意為“因?yàn)椤保硎疽环N補(bǔ)充或推測的原因，對前一分句進(jìn)行解釋。

【例7】（2008全國卷Ⅱ?qū)懽鳎〧irst of all, it is of great importance to take a Chinese course, for you will be able to learn from your teacher and bene fit a lot from the interactive practice with your partners.首先，上漢語學(xué)習(xí)班很重要，因?yàn)槟憧梢愿蠋煂W(xué)習(xí)，還可以與同學(xué)進(jìn)行互動練習(xí)。

考點(diǎn)四、表示選擇關(guān)系

or（或者），either...or...（或者……或者……；不是……就是……），not...but...（不是……而是……），whether...or...（是……還是……）,whether...or not...（是否）。

【例8】（2013全國卷Ⅱ?qū)懽鳎㏄eople can either give them as gifts or hang them in their houses.人們或者把他們作為禮物送出或者掛在自己的房子里。

【例9】（2013重慶卷滿分作文）So, from now on,let’s not waste our time on unimportant things but have a heartto heart chat with our parents once in a while.因此，從現(xiàn)在起，讓我們不要在一些不重要的事情上浪費(fèi)時間，而要經(jīng)常與我們的父母進(jìn)行面對面的交流。

【例10】（2012重慶卷寫作） I don’t care whether it is new or not as long as it is intact.我不在乎它是新的還是舊的，只要是完好無損的。

考點(diǎn)五、表示并列關(guān)系：not only...but(also)...，and與or

1.not only...but（also）...在句中常用來連接兩個對等的成分。

【例11】（2015浙江卷寫作）By doing so, I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly.這樣做，我不僅能夠與別人分享觀點(diǎn)而且學(xué)會了清楚地表達(dá)自己。

【例12】（2013安徽卷寫作）Not only will I keep from littering and spitting anywhere, I will also help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.我不僅不亂扔垃圾隨地吐痰，而且只要可能我還會幫忙清理路邊垃圾。

2.連接兩個或多個并列項(xiàng)時，在肯定句中用and（和/也），在否定句中則用or（和/也）。

【例13】（2009浙江金華一中月考寫作）The main aspect we are supposed to consider is not the advertisement or the star but the quality of products and their real usefulness in our daily life.我們應(yīng)該考慮的主要方面不是廣告和明星，而是在日常生活中產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和有用性。

考點(diǎn)六、表示時間關(guān)系： when（正在那時）

when作并列連詞，意為“正在那時（突然另一個動作發(fā)生了）”，常用于以下句型：

1.was/were about to do...when...did...正要做某事正在那時(突然)……

2.had just done...when...did...剛做完某事正在那時(突然 ) ……

3.was/were doing...when...did...正在做某事正在那時(突然 ) ……

【例14】（2014福建卷寫作）I was about to give up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.我正要放棄正在那時父親過來鼓勵我繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持。

【例15】（2014湖北卷寫作）I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten years old was knocked down by a passing car, which drove offquickly.我在去書店的路上，正在十字路口等綠燈，正在那時一個大約10歲的女孩被一輛路過的車撞到了，但是車迅速開走了。

【例16】（2013陜西卷滿分作文）Last Sunday, my parents had just gone out shopping when an idea suddenly occurred to me: why not give the rooms a thorough cleaning?上周日，父母剛剛出去購物，正在那時我突然想到一個主意：為什么不徹底打掃一下房間呢？

考點(diǎn)七、and/or連接的條件并列句

1.祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句

【例17】（2013四川卷滿分作文）Keep it in mind and gradually we can gain this good learning habit and bene fit from it.記住它，逐漸地我們就能養(yǎng)成這個好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣并從中獲益。

【例18】Please give 30% of my money back, or I shall be forced to take the matter further.請退還我30%的錢，否則我會被迫進(jìn)一步追究此事。

點(diǎn)撥：此句式中，祈使句相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句，and/or后面的陳述句相當(dāng)于主句。此外，祈使句也可用名詞代替。如：

【例19】（2013北京卷滿分作文）Another try, and they may gain what they dream of.再試一次，他們或許會獲得他們夢想的東西。

2.or, or else, otherwise意為“否則，要不然”，用法基本相同。

【例20】（2013北京卷寫作）Evidently, realizing this difference between reality and dream and trying to shorten this gap is the key to achieving our accomplishment, otherwise nothing will be gotten in the end.很顯然，意識到夢想與現(xiàn)實(shí)之間的差異以及努力縮小這個差距是我們?nèi)〉贸删偷年P(guān)鍵，否則最終會一無所成。

考點(diǎn)八、并列連詞不和從屬連詞連用

so與because, but/while與although不能連用。但yet,still可與although/even if/and/but連用，此時yet, still作副詞。

【例21】（2004湖南卷寫作）Although the city is modern and convenient, there are still some problems, such as air pollution, crowdedness and noise.盡管城市很現(xiàn)代化很方便，但仍然有一些問題，比如空氣污染、擁擠和噪音。

鞏固練習(xí)

一、語法填空

1.（2016四川卷語法填空）It was time for her to have a new baby, _______it was also time for the young panda to be independent.

2.（2014全國卷Ⅱ語法填空）There were many people waiting at the bus stop, ______ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.

3.（2014福建卷語法填空）Many of us were raised with the saying“Waste not, want not.”None of us,_______,can completely avoid waste in our lives.

4.（2014全國卷I語法填空）But the river wasn’t changed in a few days ______even a few months.

5.（2015全國卷Ⅰ語法填空）It was raining lightly_______ I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn.

6.（2015廣東卷語法填空）One day, the cow was eating grass ______ it began to rain heavily.

二、單句改錯

7.（2016全國卷Ⅰ短文改錯）Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.

8.（2016全國卷Ⅱ短文改錯） If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.

9.（2016四川卷短文改錯）Mom has a full-time job, so she has to do most of the housework.

10.（2009海南卷短文改錯）I’m going to attend my first lesson this afternoon, for I’ve got some preparation to make.Keep in touch.

11.（2015全國卷Ⅰ短文改錯）There the air is clean or the mountains are green.

12.（2007福建卷短文改錯）Today I was having a PE lesson while I fell down and hurt my foot.

13.（2016全國卷Ⅰ短文改錯）Though not very big,but the restaurant is popular in our area.

14.（2014全國卷Ⅰ短文改錯）Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.

15.（2013陜西卷短文改錯）As soon as we arrived, so we dropped the lines into the water.

16.（2006浙江卷短文改錯）Since you have visited Greece several times, so I would like to know whether you have seen the old buildings there.

三、完成句子

17.（2016 全國卷Ⅰ寫作）I’m applying for a part-time job at a foreign company in my city during the vacation, ______________________________________________________________.我打算在暑假去我市一家外資公司做兼職，并且已寫好了申請書和個人簡歷。

18.（2013吉林期末寫作）I am Liu Yang, a 18-year-old boy studying in Hope High School of Jilin, who______________________________________________________________________.我叫劉陽，一位18歲的男生，在吉林希望高中學(xué)習(xí)，性格隨和且獨(dú)立性強(qiáng)，因此對我來說適應(yīng)新環(huán)境很容易。

19.（2007廣東卷寫作）The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as idols, _______ 48% of the boys figure sports stars.調(diào)查表明，一半的女生選擇電影和電視明星作偶像，然而，48%的男生喜歡體育明星。

20.（2006廣東卷寫作）It used to take several days to hear from each other, ______________________________________________________, even if they are in two different countries.過去收到彼此來信要花幾天時間，但是現(xiàn)在只需要幾分鐘，即使他們在兩個不同的國家。

21.（2016貴州七校聯(lián)考寫作）Fishing is my favorite,____________________________, which has helped me improve my power of controlling myself.釣魚是我的最愛，因?yàn)樗扔腥び钟薪逃饬x，而且有助于提高自我約束力。

22.（2014廣州一模寫作）A smart person is _________one who always tries to impress others by showing off their wealth，_________________________________ save for the future and for others.聰明的人不是試圖炫富來給別人留下印象的人，而是不遺余力地為了將來和別人省錢的人。

23.（2013山東卷寫作）To start with, doing a part-time job is my dream and I intend to work as a salesman because__________________________________, but also it will broaden my horizons.首先，做兼職是我的夢想。我打算做銷售員，因?yàn)槲也粌H能自己賺錢，而且可以開闊視野。

24.（2012山東淄博一模寫作）Don’t be sel fish ______________________________ when talking.談話時不要自私，也不要傷害別人的感情。

25.（2013浙江卷滿分作文）Last Monday, I _______________________________________________________________________________________his bicycle.上周一，我正在街上散步，這時突然看到一位老人從自行車上摔了下來。

26.（2013唐山期末寫作）________________________,_________________American culture and life.參加活動，你就會更好理解美國的文化和生活。

27.（2016蘭州檢測寫作）First, _________________this issue, ____________________ suffer a loss.首先，重視這個問題，否則你的財(cái)產(chǎn)會遭受損失。

【鞏固練習(xí)答案】

1.and 2.and 3.however 4.or 5.arrived 6.when 7.or→and 8.but→ and 9.so→ but 10.for→ so 11.or→ and 12.while→when 13.but去掉 14.but→yet或者去掉but 15.去掉we前面的so 16.去掉 so

17.I’m applying for a part-time job at a foreign company in my city during the vacation, and I have just completed my application letter and resume.

18.I am Liu Yang, a 18-year-old boy studying in Hope High School of Jilin, who is easy-going and quite independent so it is easy for me to adapt to a new environment.

19.The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as idols, while 48% of the boys figure sports stars.

20.It used to take several days to hear from each other,but now it takes only several minutes, even if they are in two different countries.

21.Fishing is my favorite, for it is both fun and instructive,which has helped me improve my power of controlling myself.

22.A smart person is not one who always tries to impress others by showing off their wealth, but one who spares no effort to save for the future and for others.

23.To start with, doing a part-time job is my dream and I intend to work as a salesman because not only can I earn money by myself, but also it will broaden my horizons.

24.Don’t be sel fish or hurt other’s feelings when talking.

25.Last Monday, I was walking in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall offhis bicycle.

26.Join in the activity, and you will have a better knowledge of American culture and life.

27.First, attach great importance to this issue, or your wealth will suffer a loss.

your email last week, but I am busy preparing for my final exam,which is vital for me, so I didn’t reply to you without delay.我上周收到你的郵件，但是我一直忙于準(zhǔn)備期末考試，這對我很重要，因此我沒有及時回復(fù)你。

廣東省中山市第一中學(xué)）