黃 波 林富祥
1.廣東省惠州市第三人民醫(yī)院 廣州醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬惠州醫(yī)院急診科,廣東惠州 516002;2.廣東省惠州市衛(wèi)生職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院外科教研室,廣東惠州 516002
絲線與薇喬線縫合軀干四肢裂傷的臨床研究
黃 波1林富祥2▲
1.廣東省惠州市第三人民醫(yī)院 廣州醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬惠州醫(yī)院急診科,廣東惠州 516002;2.廣東省惠州市衛(wèi)生職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院外科教研室,廣東惠州 516002
目的 比較絲線與薇喬線縫合急診軀干及四肢裂傷的美容效果及并發(fā)癥。 方法 這是一項(xiàng)隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn),研究對(duì)象為2010年1月~2014年6月到我院急診外科就診患者,根據(jù)患者就診先后順序隨機(jī)編為單雙號(hào),單號(hào)進(jìn)入絲線組,雙號(hào)進(jìn)入薇喬線組。縫合后隨訪14d,隔天換藥,絲線組于第14天均拆線,薇喬線組無需拆線,隨訪期間觀察患者傷口感染及裂開情況,拆線后3個(gè)月囑患者返院復(fù)診,并由整形科醫(yī)生使用100mm視覺模擬評(píng)分法對(duì)傷口美容效果進(jìn)行評(píng)估。 結(jié)果 完成隨訪者中,兩組在性別、年齡、創(chuàng)傷類型及裂口長度上均無差異。絲線組感染發(fā)生率較薇喬線組低(2.8% VS 5.3%,P=0.138),絲線組和薇喬線組均無傷口裂開,絲線組的100mm視覺模擬評(píng)分得分較薇喬線組稍高(53.2mm VS 52.6mm,P=0.900),統(tǒng)計(jì)檢驗(yàn)表明,兩組的美容效果和并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。 結(jié)論 在縫合急診軀干及四肢裂傷時(shí),薇喬線的美容效果和并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率無差異,可以替代絲線使用。
可吸收線;不可吸收線;裂傷;美容;并發(fā)癥
軀干和四肢裂傷,是急診外科常見的疾病,需急診清創(chuàng)縫合。臨床上用于縫合傷口的縫線包括不可吸收線(如絲線)和可吸收線(如薇喬線,羊腸線),兩者對(duì)于裂傷口縫合的美容效果及并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況尚無定論,本研究通過隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn),探討和比較絲線與薇喬線縫合急診軀干及四肢裂傷的美容效果及并發(fā)癥,為臨床合理選擇縫線提供理論依據(jù)。
1.1一般資料
研究對(duì)象選取2010年1月~2014年6月到惠州市第三人民醫(yī)院院急診外科就診的軀干和四肢裂傷患者(不包括頭面部裂傷),傷口無明顯污染,對(duì)皮完整,可一期縫合的。
1.2方法
研究方案由醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)討論通過。告知患者治療方法,是否接受追蹤隨訪,獲得患者同意后,進(jìn)行研究。納入的研究對(duì)象,根據(jù)就診的時(shí)間先后順序編碼為單雙號(hào),單號(hào)進(jìn)入絲線組,雙號(hào)進(jìn)入薇喬線組,各納入300例??p線大小選擇3-0,均選擇單純間斷縫合,傷口隔天換藥,絲線組第14天均拆線,薇喬線組線結(jié)自行脫落。見圖1。
圖1 研究流程圖
1.3觀察指標(biāo)
觀察患者傷口感染及裂開情況,拆線后3個(gè)月由整形科醫(yī)生(不知道縫線類型)使用100mm視覺模擬評(píng)分法(VAS)對(duì)美容效果進(jìn)行評(píng)估[1],VAS評(píng)分越低說明傷口愈合美容效果越差,評(píng)分越高說明傷口愈合美容效果越好。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
應(yīng)用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件,計(jì)量資料組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料用χ2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1研究對(duì)象一般情況
絲線組300例,完成隨訪與美容評(píng)估者有247例,失訪或未完成美容評(píng)估者53例。完成隨訪和評(píng)估的病例中,男134例,女113例;年齡3~75歲,平均(37.8±15.4)歲。薇喬線組300例,完成隨訪與美容評(píng)估者有235例,失訪或未完成美容評(píng)估者65例,完成隨訪和評(píng)估的病例中,男109例,女126例;年齡4~68歲,平均(39.1±19.2)歲。絲線組和薇喬線組在性別(P=0.084),年齡(P=0.671),裂口長度(P=0.703)等情況的差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。見表1。
2.2研究對(duì)象各項(xiàng)觀察指標(biāo)的結(jié)果
在隨訪期間,絲線組和薇喬線組發(fā)生傷口感染分別為7例和13例(2.8% VS 5.3%,P=0.138),兩組均無傷口裂開。絲線組和薇喬線組VAS評(píng)分分 別 為(53.2±10.6)(43.8~66.5)和(52.6±8.4)(45.6~67.2)(P=0.900),統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)證實(shí)兩組在并發(fā)癥及傷口美容效果無明顯差異。見表2。
表1 絲線組及微喬線組完成隨訪的患者的一般情況比較
表2 絲線組及微喬線組完成隨訪的患者發(fā)生的并發(fā)癥及VAS評(píng)分比較
本研究結(jié)果表明,絲線和薇喬線縫合軀干和四肢裂傷的美容效果和并發(fā)癥無明顯差異。目前,臨床上醫(yī)生主要傾向于使用絲線縫合裂口,理由是絲線比較容易縫合,且較牢固,在傷口愈合前不易開裂,很少引起患者不適感覺,如疼痛等[2-4]。但對(duì)于絲線縫合,薇喬線的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是縫線可自行脫落,不需要拆線,可以明顯減輕患者的不安和焦慮,尤其是兒童患者,減少后續(xù)護(hù)理[5-8]。本研究證實(shí)絲線縫合軀干和四肢,其傷口愈合后美容效果相當(dāng),可替代使用。傳統(tǒng)縫合軀干四肢多采用絲線,較少采用微喬線,主要擔(dān)心其并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生,比如傷口感染,比如傷口裂開等,本研究結(jié)果顯示,絲線組和微喬線組術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生并無差異,可放心使用,而且微喬線的諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn),結(jié)合本研究的結(jié)果,我們認(rèn)為薇喬線可以作為外傷性裂傷縫合的良好選擇。但微喬線縫合價(jià)格較高,仍是限制其使用的主要原因[6]。有學(xué)者認(rèn)為羊腸線價(jià)格便宜,是較好的替代品,且具有可吸收線的一般優(yōu)點(diǎn),但由于羊腸線傷口疼痛較薇喬線大,且更容易發(fā)生傷口感染[9],本研究暫不予對(duì)照,但在后續(xù)研究中可能探討。
薇喬線在過去的頭面部裂傷研究中早已探討[10-11],本研究的創(chuàng)新之處在于探討薇喬線在軀干和四肢的縫合,這些部位往往愈合更慢[12-13],使用薇喬線縫合是否增加傷口感染和裂開的機(jī)會(huì),尚存爭議。薇喬線在軀體其他部位均顯現(xiàn)出較好的應(yīng)用價(jià)值[14-15],本研究結(jié)果可作為這些研究的補(bǔ)充。雖然我們的結(jié)果顯示絲線組和薇喬線組之間的差異不大,但與以往的頭面部裂傷研究相比,我們的美容效果評(píng)分VAS明顯低得多[10]。究其原因是頭面部愈合時(shí)間快,軀干及四肢愈合時(shí)間長,且本研究VAS評(píng)估時(shí)間較短,為拆線后3個(gè)月,如果VAS評(píng)估時(shí)間調(diào)整為拆線后6個(gè)月或更長時(shí)間,本研究的VAS可能較當(dāng)前的VAS高,這有待繼續(xù)隨訪和評(píng)價(jià)。
雖然我們發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)研究組之間的結(jié)果差別不大,但這正為我們使用薇喬線縫合軀干及四肢裂傷提供了依據(jù),尤其是應(yīng)用于小兒患者。我們的結(jié)果提示使用薇喬線縫合這些部位的裂傷美容效果與絲線相當(dāng),且并不增加感染和裂開的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
綜上所述,在縫合軀干及四肢裂傷時(shí),急診科醫(yī)生需考慮到可以使用可吸收線薇喬線進(jìn)行縫合,尤其是兒童患者及焦慮患者。因?yàn)檗眴叹€在美容效果及并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率上與絲線無明顯差異,而薇喬線具有自行脫落,無需拆線等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
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Clinical research on stitching laceration of trunk limbs with silk thread and vicryl
HUANG Bo1LIN Fuxiang2
1. Department of Emergency, the Third People's Hospital of Huizhou, Guangzhou Hospital Affiliated to Huizhou Medical University, Guangdong, Huizhou 516002, China; 2. Department of Surgery, Huizhou Career Technical College, Guangdong, Huizhou 516002, China
Objective To compare the cosmetic results and complications of silk thread and vicryl to stitch laceration of trunk limbs. Methods This was a randomized controlled trial. The patients cured in the department of surgery of our hospital from January 2010 to June 2014 were selected as the objects. According to the order of visiting, patients were randomly assigned to odd numbers and even numbers. Patients of odd numbers were silk group, and patients of even numbers were vicryl group. The patients were followed up for 14 days with next day dressing. Patients in silk group took out stitches on the fourteenth day. Patients in vicryl group were no stitches. Wound infection and rupture in patients should be observed during the follow-up period. Patients were asked to return to the hospital to visit 3 months after stitches. The cosmetic effect was evaluated by the plastic surgeon using the 100mm visual analogue scale. Results For patients complete followed up, there were no differences in sex, age, type of trauma and length of the gap between the two groups. Incidence of infection of silk group was less than that of vicryl group (2.8% VS 5.3%, P=0.138). No wound was split in the two groups. The 100mm visual analogue scale score of silk group was higher than that of vicryl group (53.2mm VS 52.6mm, P=0.900). Statistical tests showed that there was no significant difference in the cosmetic results and the incidence of complications between the two groups. Conclusion When the emergency trunk and extremities laceration suture, cosmetic effect and complication incidence of vicryl are no difference, which can replace the use of silk thread.
Absorbable line; Non absorbable line; Laceration; Cosmetic; Complication
R641
B
2095-0616(2016)18-168-03
▲
(2016-03-19)