雖小，用法不少

周輝

It雖是個(gè)很簡單的詞，但是其用法在歷年的高考中卻是常常涉及，本文結(jié)合高考真題為考生梳理歸納it的七大考點(diǎn)。

考點(diǎn)一、考查it自身的用法

此考點(diǎn)主要考查it的形容詞性物主代詞its和它的反身代詞itself的用法，例如：

（1）A few hours before，I？蒺d been at home in Shijiazhuang，with its choking smog.

（2）The machine switches itself off when the process is complete.

考點(diǎn)二、考查it作代詞的用法

1. it代替整個(gè)句子，例如：

The doctor advised my father strongly that he should take a holiday，but it didn't help.

2. it表示不確定指代，例如（單句語法填空，下同）：

—Do you like here？

—Oh，yes. The air，the weather，the way of life. Everything is wonderful.

答案與解析：it。根據(jù)問句可知，提問者不能確定被問者喜歡什么，這里it表示不確定指代。

3. it指代上文或下文出現(xiàn)的物或事，例如：

（1）We are organizing an art exhibition for high school students in this city. It will be held on the 9 of July in the Exhibition Hall of Beihai.（It指代上文的an art exhibition）

（2）It helps develop your strength and flexibility. Raise your leg and let it stay in the air for seconds.（it指代文中的leg）

4. it指性別不明的人或嬰兒，例如：

（1）Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see who it is.

（2）Her baby's due next month. She hopes it will be a boy.

5. it指代時(shí)間、距離和天氣等，例如：

（1）—He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.

—When was that？

—It was in 2004 when he was still in college.（指時(shí)間）

（2）It is over 200 miles from London to Manchester.（指距離）

6. it和one，ones，that和those的區(qū)別

It特指上文提到的事物，而one/ ones/ that/ those指代的事物與前面的事物屬于同一類，但不是同一事物。使用one和ones時(shí)，后面通常沒有介詞短語作后置定語；使用that 和those時(shí)，后面通常有介詞短語作定語。that可與the one互換，those可與the ones互換。例如：

（1）I like this house with a beautiful garden on front，but I don？蒺t have enough money to buy one.

（2）The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.

考點(diǎn)三、考查it作形式賓語的用法

1. think/ find/ consider/ make/ feel/ believe等動(dòng)詞后有形容詞或名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，真正的賓語不定式、V-ing形式或從句要后置，且用it作形式賓語，例如：

（1）Jack made it clear to me that he wished to make a new life for himself.

（2）No matter where she is，she makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.

（3）I think it is important to learn English.

（4）I did consider it was no use reporting the incident.

2. like/love/enjoy/hate/appreciate it +when/if +句子時(shí)，like/love/enjoy/hate/appreciate后不直接跟賓語從句，常用it代替后面句子所表示的意義，例如：

（1）How would you like it if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you？

（2）I'd appreciate it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.

3.在其他結(jié)構(gòu)中考查it作形式賓語，例如：

（1）Don't take for granted that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful.

（2）You may rely on that she won't be late.

（3）Can you see to that the fax goes this afternoon？

答案與解析：三空均填it。take it for granted that...意為“想當(dāng)然的認(rèn)為……”，depend/rely on it that...意為“相信、指望……”，see to it that...意為“負(fù)責(zé)、注意、務(wù)必、保證……”，短語中的it均為形式賓語，真正的賓語為that從句。

考點(diǎn)四、考查it作形式主語的用法

1. “It+be+形容詞或名詞+ 從句”結(jié)構(gòu)，例如：

（1）It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.

（2）The Foreign Minister said，“It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”

2. “It+be+V-ed+從句”結(jié)構(gòu)，例如：

（1） is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.

（2）It is required that in the regulations that you____ not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.

答案與解析：（1）正確答案是It。It is said that...意為“據(jù)說……”，是一個(gè)常用句型；（2）正確答案是should。注意：在“It+be+V-ed+從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，若V-ed為required/suggested/demanded/recommended等表示要求、建議或命令等含義的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞必須用should+動(dòng)詞原形，且should可以省略。

3. “It's no use/good doing sth”結(jié)構(gòu)

此句型表示：做……是無用的/不好的，例如：

（1）Eugene's never willing to alter any of his opinions. It's no use arguing with him.

（2）It's no good telling him—he won't listen.

4. “It+be+adj of/for sb to do sth”結(jié)構(gòu)，例如：

此句型重點(diǎn)考查何時(shí)用of，何時(shí)用for。如果句型中的形容詞是用來描述sb的特征的（如kind/rude/cruel/polite/right/wrong/foolish/silly/stupid/wise等），則用of，此時(shí)句式可以換成sb+be+adj+ to do sth；若句型中形容詞是用來描述不定式性質(zhì)的（如important/necessary/hard/difficult/easy/

natural/common等），則用for。例如：

（1）It was considerate Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.（Key：of）

（2）It is difficult us to understand why she barks every minute she is outside.（Key：for）

（3）Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult____ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.（Key：it）

5. it作形式主語的其他情況

當(dāng)主語部分偏長時(shí)，這時(shí)通常出于習(xí)慣或句子平衡的需要，用it作形式主語，將真正的主語后置。例如：

（1）It worries me the way she keeps changing her mind.

（2）Now it occurred to him that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.

考點(diǎn)五、考查it強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

1. It be +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who...

解題的關(guān)鍵是判斷句子是否為it強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，一般來說，只需去掉It be...that/who...這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)，若句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍是完整的，即為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。例如：

（1）It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.

（2）It was in NewYork that Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.

2. it強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和特殊疑問詞連用，例如：

（1）I just wonder it is that makes him so happy.（Key：what）

（2）Why！ I have nothing to confess. What it is you want me to say？ （Key：that）

3. it強(qiáng)調(diào)句型和not until...連用，例如：

（1）It wasn？蒺t until we had stayed together for a couple of weeks that I found we had a lot in common.

（2）It was not until midnight that they reached the campsite.

4. it強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的省略形式，例如：

—Where did you get to know her？

—It was on the farm we worked.

答案與解析：where。根據(jù)題意，答句完整形式應(yīng)為“It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.” 此考點(diǎn)主要考查當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為句子的主語、時(shí)間狀語或者地點(diǎn)狀語等時(shí)，that從句常省略。

考點(diǎn)六、考查it的幾個(gè)常見固定句型

（1）If you miss this chance，it may be years ____ you get another one.

（2）That was really a wonderful evening. It's years ____I enjoyed myself so much.

（3）It's high time that you ____（have） your hair cut；it's getting much too long.

（4）—Shall we go to the art exhibition right away？

—It's all up ____ you.

（5）It is the first time that we ____（see） a movie in the cinema together as a family.

答案與解析：

（1）before。It be+時(shí)間+before...意為“過了一段時(shí)間才……”，是一個(gè)固定句型。

（2）since。在“It is /has been+時(shí)間+since +句子”結(jié)構(gòu)中，若從句中謂語動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則句型意為：某人……時(shí)間，已經(jīng)沒有……了，如本句；若從句中謂語動(dòng)詞為短暫性動(dòng)詞，則句意為：某人已經(jīng)……有……時(shí)間了，如：It's thirty years since we last met.

（3）had/ should have。It's time that...句型表示“是做……事情的時(shí)候了”，其中連詞that可以省去，使用該句型時(shí)，that從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用一般過去時(shí)或用“should +動(dòng)詞原型”，should不可省略。

（4）to。It's up to sb to do sth意為“由某人決定做某事”。在此句型中，口語中常用“It's （all） up to you.”或“Up to you.”表示“由你決定”。

（5）have seen。在“It+be+ the+序數(shù)詞+（that）+句子”結(jié)構(gòu)中應(yīng)注意以下三點(diǎn)：①it不是固定的，可以根據(jù)需要，變?yōu)閠his或that；②句中的that可以省略；③若主句中的be動(dòng)詞是is，則從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，若主句中的be動(dòng)詞是was，則從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用過去完成時(shí)。

考點(diǎn)七、考查it在一些固定短語中的用法

It常見的固定用法有：make it（成功，安排在或定在某時(shí)間）/forget it（別提了，沒關(guān)系，忘了它吧）/Don't mention it.（別提了，表示不用謝）/ It doesn't matter.（沒關(guān)系）/ It（That） depends.（視情況而定）/You guessed it.（你猜著了）/It's hard to say.（很難說）/ Believe it or not. （信不信由你）等。例如：

（1）I'm amazed to hear from my school teacher again. Believe it or not. It is ten years since we met last.

（2）—Sorry， Liz. I think I was a bit rude to you.

—Forget it，but I don't do that again.