金西子,張博,陳愛(ài)萍,李陳建
(新疆草地資源與生態(tài)實(shí)驗(yàn)室/新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)草業(yè)與環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)院,烏魯木齊 830052)
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紫花苜蓿小孢子發(fā)育時(shí)期與花器形態(tài)的相關(guān)性研究
金西子,張博,陳愛(ài)萍,李陳建
(新疆草地資源與生態(tài)實(shí)驗(yàn)室/新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)草業(yè)與環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)院,烏魯木齊 830052)
【目的】研究紫花苜蓿小孢子各發(fā)育時(shí)期細(xì)胞學(xué)特征與花器形態(tài)之間相關(guān)性,依據(jù)花器形態(tài)來(lái)判斷小孢子發(fā)育時(shí)期,為小孢子培養(yǎng)誘導(dǎo)單倍體的提供依據(jù)?!痉椒ā恳?個(gè)品種紫花苜蓿為供試材料,觀察小孢子不同發(fā)育時(shí)期細(xì)胞學(xué)特征及花蕾形態(tài)、花藥大小、顏色及形態(tài)?!窘Y(jié)果】紫花苜蓿小孢子的發(fā)育的四個(gè)時(shí)期(四分體時(shí)期、單核早中期、單核靠邊期和雙核期)細(xì)胞學(xué)特征明顯;紫花苜蓿小孢子發(fā)育時(shí)期與花蕾形態(tài)特征密切相關(guān),花蕾縱徑、橫徑和花瓣長(zhǎng)增長(zhǎng)顯著,同一品種四個(gè)時(shí)期存在極顯著差異;亮牧1號(hào)花蕾縱徑長(zhǎng)度在小孢子發(fā)育的四個(gè)時(shí)期大于其它4個(gè)品種的相應(yīng)時(shí)期;同一時(shí)期參試品種間花器形態(tài)差異不顯著;品種內(nèi)四個(gè)時(shí)期花藥大小變化不顯著,花藥顏色變化明顯,由綠色逐漸變?yōu)辄S色?!窘Y(jié)論】花蕾縱徑、橫徑和花瓣長(zhǎng)適合作為小孢子發(fā)育時(shí)期的判斷指標(biāo);紫花苜蓿小孢子處于單核靠邊期時(shí),縱徑長(zhǎng)在5.40~6.10 mm,橫徑長(zhǎng)在1.61~1.85 mm,花瓣長(zhǎng)在3.98~5.55 mm,此時(shí)花瓣露出萼片,花瓣呈紫色,花藥為淡黃色。
紫花苜蓿;小孢子;發(fā)育時(shí)期;花器形態(tài)
【研究意義】紫花苜蓿(MedicagosativaL.)是世界上重要的豆科牧草,由于蛋白質(zhì)含量高(約占干物質(zhì)的20%),尤其是它持續(xù)高產(chǎn)、適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)、草質(zhì)優(yōu)、適口性好[1]、易栽培等特點(diǎn),使其在畜牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)中被人們冠之以“牧草之王”的美譽(yù)[2]。苜蓿是遺傳型復(fù)雜的異花授粉植物,常規(guī)育種方法會(huì)導(dǎo)致其后代性狀分離,不易獲得穩(wěn)定性狀的品系。要想快速獲得穩(wěn)定的純合品系,利用單倍體育種技術(shù)不失為一條有效的捷徑[3]?!厩叭搜芯窟M(jìn)展】人工誘導(dǎo)植物產(chǎn)生單倍體途徑較多,主要有:花藥或小孢子培養(yǎng)、未授粉子房(胚珠)培養(yǎng)、遠(yuǎn)緣雜交、體細(xì)胞染色體消失(又稱球莖大麥技術(shù))等。其中花藥或小孢子培養(yǎng)應(yīng)用最為廣泛[4]。小孢子的發(fā)育時(shí)期是影響小孢子培養(yǎng)效果的重要因素,選擇適宜的小孢子發(fā)育時(shí)期進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)能夠有效提高誘導(dǎo)率[5]。小孢子發(fā)育階段主要包括單核早期、單核中期、單核晚期(即單核靠邊期)、雙核期等。對(duì)于大多數(shù)植物來(lái)說(shuō),單核中晚期到雙核早期是最適合的小孢子發(fā)育階段,單核晚期成胚率最大[6-10]。許多研究表明,不同發(fā)育時(shí)期的小孢子與其花蕾的外部形態(tài),如花蕾大小、萼片和花瓣的相對(duì)長(zhǎng)短等有相關(guān)性,例如白蘆筍小孢子[11]的發(fā)育時(shí)期與花蕾的縱徑、橫徑密切相關(guān),不同時(shí)期的小孢子其花蕾縱徑和橫徑差異顯著;新疆蕪菁小孢子[12]花蕾橫徑、花蕾縱橫比、花瓣長(zhǎng)、瓣藥比均適合作為不同材料花蕾取樣的參考指標(biāo)。【本研究切入點(diǎn)】前人的研究主要集中在十字花科植物[13-15]、禾谷類植物[16-18]等,以苜蓿[19,20]為主體,研究小孢子發(fā)育時(shí)期與花器形態(tài)相關(guān)性的報(bào)道雖有,但并不全面。研究通過(guò)觀測(cè)小孢子發(fā)育各時(shí)期的細(xì)胞學(xué)特征及小孢子發(fā)育各時(shí)期花蕾和花藥形態(tài),以研究小孢子發(fā)育時(shí)期與花器形態(tài)相關(guān)性。【擬解決的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題】試驗(yàn)以5個(gè)品種紫花苜蓿為材料,探究小孢子發(fā)育時(shí)期與花器形態(tài)的相關(guān)性,從而為紫花苜蓿小孢子培養(yǎng)材料的選擇提供依據(jù),為紫花苜蓿單倍體育種奠定基礎(chǔ)。
1.1 材 料
2015年5月,5個(gè)品種紫花苜蓿由新疆草地資源與生態(tài)實(shí)驗(yàn)室苜蓿種植資源圃提供,分別是:亮牧1號(hào)、公農(nóng)1號(hào)、敖漢苜蓿、隴東苜蓿和三得利苜蓿,這5個(gè)品種紫花苜蓿具有花期時(shí)間長(zhǎng),花器形態(tài)易于觀測(cè)等特點(diǎn),材料采自于烏魯木齊市新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)基地三坪農(nóng)場(chǎng)。
1.2 方 法
1.2.1 小孢子發(fā)育各個(gè)時(shí)期的細(xì)胞學(xué)觀察
于現(xiàn)蕾期開始(5月10日),晴天早上08:30~09:30,采摘帶枝葉的苜蓿頂端花序裝入自封袋后放入冰盒帶回實(shí)驗(yàn)室。根據(jù)外觀特征,分別將不同大小的花蕾放入卡諾氏固定液FAA(無(wú)水乙醇與冰醋酸體積比為3∶1)中于室溫下固定24 h后,轉(zhuǎn)到70%酒精中,置4℃冰箱保存?zhèn)溆?。用鑷子取出花藥放在載玻片上,用酸洋紅染液進(jìn)行染色,蓋上蓋玻片,輕輕敲擊后制成臨時(shí)壓片后在顯微鏡下觀測(cè)。將制好的壓片置于Olympus CX41顯微鏡下觀察小孢子所處發(fā)育時(shí)期,每個(gè)時(shí)期取10個(gè)花蕾進(jìn)行觀測(cè),重復(fù)3次,每個(gè)花藥觀察10個(gè)不同的視野,并拍攝小孢子不同發(fā)育時(shí)期的照片。
1.2.2 小孢子發(fā)育各個(gè)時(shí)期花蕾及花藥形態(tài)觀測(cè)
根據(jù)不同發(fā)育時(shí)期,采摘相應(yīng)大小的花蕾,用數(shù)顯游標(biāo)卡尺測(cè)量花蕾縱徑、橫徑,計(jì)算其縱橫比,將花瓣、花萼完整剝離,測(cè)量其花瓣長(zhǎng)、花萼長(zhǎng),并計(jì)算瓣萼比。每個(gè)時(shí)期取花蕾30個(gè),重復(fù)3次。最后用解剖針剝?nèi)⊥暾幕ㄋ?,用Profound UM1000軟件對(duì)花藥長(zhǎng)和寬進(jìn)行測(cè)量,計(jì)算長(zhǎng)寬比。采用DPS 數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行差異顯著性分析,尋找其相關(guān)性。
2.1 紫花苜蓿小孢子各發(fā)育階段細(xì)胞學(xué)特征
2.1.1 四分體時(shí)期
紫花苜?;ǚ勰讣?xì)胞經(jīng)減數(shù)分裂形成小孢子,它們被一層厚的胼胝質(zhì)包圍成四分體,細(xì)胞的體積相對(duì)較小,細(xì)胞質(zhì)中無(wú)明顯液泡。由于小孢子在細(xì)胞內(nèi)呈立體排列,因此在顯微鏡下常觀察到3個(gè)小孢子,偶可看到4個(gè)小孢子,其外圍有一層薄而透明的細(xì)胞壁。圖1A
2.1.2 單核早中期
包裹在四分孢子周圍的胼胝質(zhì)壁逐漸溶解,形成四個(gè)單核花粉粒,小孢子體積逐漸增加,細(xì)胞整體變圓,細(xì)胞核增大且多位于細(xì)胞中央,有時(shí)能觀測(cè)到此時(shí)花粉細(xì)胞壁較薄,不明顯。圖1B
2.1.3 單核靠邊期
細(xì)胞體積繼續(xù)增大,液泡開始形成并發(fā)育為大液泡,將核從細(xì)胞中央位置擠壓到靠近細(xì)胞壁的位置,細(xì)胞質(zhì)相對(duì)不透明,此時(shí)花粉細(xì)胞壁較厚,且萌發(fā)孔結(jié)構(gòu)明顯。圖1C
2.1.4 雙核期
花粉細(xì)胞進(jìn)行第1次有絲分裂后,形成1個(gè)營(yíng)養(yǎng)細(xì)胞和1 個(gè)生殖細(xì)胞??拷?xì)胞壁的是生殖核,遠(yuǎn)離細(xì)胞壁的為營(yíng)養(yǎng)核。圖1D
A.四分體時(shí)期;B.單核早中期;C.單核靠邊期;D.雙核期
2.2 紫花苜蓿小孢子發(fā)育時(shí)期與花蕾形態(tài)特征的相關(guān)性
研究表明,紫花苜蓿小孢子發(fā)育時(shí)期與花蕾形態(tài)特征密切相關(guān)。紫花苜蓿小孢子從四分體時(shí)期到雙核期的發(fā)育過(guò)程中,花蕾縱徑、橫徑、花瓣長(zhǎng)、萼片長(zhǎng)均呈現(xiàn)增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)。同一品種紫花苜蓿小孢子在發(fā)育的四個(gè)時(shí)期,縱徑、橫徑、花瓣長(zhǎng)和瓣萼比大都存在顯著差異,其中縱徑、橫徑和花瓣長(zhǎng)差異最為明顯;亮牧1號(hào)在單核早中期向單核靠邊期的發(fā)育過(guò)程中縱徑差異不顯著,可能由于兩個(gè)時(shí)期發(fā)生時(shí)間間隔太短;同一品種紫花苜??v橫徑比和萼片長(zhǎng)之間有差異,但差異不顯著;瓣萼比除敖漢苜蓿和隴東苜蓿在單核靠邊期到雙核期差異不明顯外,其它幾個(gè)品種在發(fā)育的各個(gè)時(shí)期均存在顯著或極顯著差異;不同品種苜蓿,除亮牧1號(hào)的花蕾縱徑長(zhǎng)在小孢子發(fā)育的四個(gè)時(shí)期大于其它4個(gè)品種的相應(yīng)時(shí)期外,品種間參試品種同一時(shí)期花器形態(tài)差異不顯著。紫花苜蓿小孢子處于單核早中期時(shí),縱徑長(zhǎng)在5.01~6.00 mm,橫徑長(zhǎng)在1.51~1.74 mm,花瓣長(zhǎng)的范圍在3.18~4.68 mm,小孢子處于單核靠邊期時(shí),縱徑長(zhǎng)在5.40~6.10 mm,橫徑長(zhǎng)在1.61~1.85 mm,花瓣長(zhǎng)在3.98~5.55 mm。表1
觀察小孢子發(fā)育各個(gè)階段的花蕾外觀形態(tài)發(fā)現(xiàn),花蕾逐漸增大,萼片顏色逐漸變淺,由深綠色變?yōu)闇\綠色,四分體時(shí)期萼片完全閉合,花瓣被完全包被,單核早中期時(shí)萼片稍張,花瓣稍稍露出,單核靠邊期時(shí)萼片張開,花瓣露出萼片,雙核期時(shí)花瓣露出的部分與萼片接近等長(zhǎng)或明顯長(zhǎng)于萼片。圖2,表2
表1 5個(gè)品種紫花苜蓿小孢子各發(fā)育時(shí)期花蕾形態(tài)特征
注:不同小寫字母表示在0.05 水平下差異顯著,不同大寫字母表示在0.01 水平下差異顯著,下同
Note:Different lowercase letters expressed significant difference at the 0.05 level, different capital letters expressed significant difference at the 0.01 level, the same as below
A.亮牧1號(hào);B.公農(nóng)1號(hào);C.敖漢苜蓿;D.隴東苜蓿;E.三得利苜蓿
2.3 紫花苜蓿小孢子發(fā)育時(shí)期與花藥發(fā)育特征的相關(guān)性
研究表明,紫花苜蓿小孢子在發(fā)育的過(guò)程中,花藥大小除三得利苜蓿在小孢子發(fā)育的四個(gè)時(shí)期呈增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)外,其它幾個(gè)品種在前三個(gè)發(fā)育時(shí)期呈現(xiàn)增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì),在雙核期呈現(xiàn)減小趨勢(shì),各個(gè)時(shí)期花藥長(zhǎng)和花藥寬雖有差異,但差異不顯著;花藥長(zhǎng)寬比差異亦不顯著。表3
觀察紫花苜蓿小孢子發(fā)育不同時(shí)期的花藥形態(tài)發(fā)現(xiàn),由四分體向雙核期的發(fā)育過(guò)程中,花藥顏色變化較為明顯?;ㄋ帪榫G色時(shí),小孢子發(fā)育處于四分體時(shí)期所占比例最多,為91.4%~96.1%,少數(shù)小孢子的發(fā)育狀態(tài)處于單核早中期,所占比例為3.9%~9.6%,處于單核靠邊期和雙核期的比例均為0;花藥為黃綠色時(shí),小孢子處于四分體時(shí)期所占比例有所減少,為15.2%~22.5%,處于單核早中期所占比例逐漸增加,為77.5%~84.8%,處于單核靠邊期和雙核期所占比例均為0;花藥為淡黃色時(shí),小孢子處于四分體時(shí)期所占比例為0,處于單核早中期所占比例減少為5.6%~21.5%,大多數(shù)小孢子發(fā)育至單核靠邊期階段,所占比例為66.0%~82.5%,少數(shù)發(fā)育至雙核期,所占比例為9.8%~18.9%;花藥為黃色時(shí),小孢子發(fā)育逐漸成熟,處于四分體時(shí)期和單核早中期所占比例均為0,處于單核靠邊期所占比例為21.8%~35.5%,處于雙核期的小孢子所占比例最多,為64.5%~78.2%。隨著花藥的不斷發(fā)育,其顏色的變化規(guī)律依次為綠色-黃綠色-淺黃色-黃色。表4
表3 5個(gè)品種紫花苜蓿小孢子各發(fā)育時(shí)期花藥大小特征
表4 5個(gè)品種紫花苜蓿小孢子各發(fā)育時(shí)期花藥顏色特征
3.1 紫花苜蓿小孢子各發(fā)育階段細(xì)胞學(xué)特征
花粉在花藥中的發(fā)育過(guò)程一般可形成2種成熟的花粉粒,即二核細(xì)胞花粉和三核細(xì)胞花粉[21]。大多數(shù)植物的花粉在散粉時(shí)為二核細(xì)胞狀態(tài),此時(shí)含有1個(gè)營(yíng)養(yǎng)細(xì)胞,1個(gè)生殖細(xì)胞,生殖細(xì)胞在花粉管中進(jìn)行有絲分裂后形成2個(gè)精子,甜瓜[22]、辣椒[23]、黃花苜蓿[24]等皆屬于此種發(fā)育途徑;少數(shù)植物的花粉生殖細(xì)胞有絲分裂發(fā)生在散粉前,形成1個(gè)營(yíng)養(yǎng)細(xì)胞和2個(gè)生殖細(xì)胞,此時(shí)小孢子為三核細(xì)胞狀態(tài),如白芷[25]、玉米[26]等植物。試驗(yàn)通過(guò)顯微觀察,發(fā)現(xiàn)紫花苜蓿小孢子的發(fā)育分為四個(gè)時(shí)期,即為四分體時(shí)期、單核早中期、單核靠邊期和雙核期,花粉粒發(fā)育成熟時(shí)屬于二核細(xì)胞花粉粒,各時(shí)期特征可以通過(guò)細(xì)胞核的大小,位置,數(shù)量,細(xì)胞壁的厚度等特征進(jìn)行判斷。小孢子處于四分體時(shí)期時(shí),小孢子呈立體結(jié)構(gòu)排列,一般可看到3個(gè);單核早中期時(shí)細(xì)胞核增大并位于細(xì)胞中央,出現(xiàn)萌發(fā)孔;單核靠邊期時(shí),出現(xiàn)較大液泡,將細(xì)胞核從擠壓到靠近細(xì)胞壁的位置;雙核期形成兩個(gè)細(xì)胞核,靠近細(xì)胞壁的是生殖核,遠(yuǎn)離細(xì)胞壁的為營(yíng)養(yǎng)核。這與張晶[19]、馬菊蘭[27,28]等研究的苜蓿小孢子發(fā)育細(xì)胞學(xué)特征的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果一致。
3.2 紫花苜蓿小孢子發(fā)育時(shí)期與花蕾形態(tài)特征的相關(guān)性
紫花苜蓿小孢子從四分體時(shí)期到雙核期的發(fā)育過(guò)程中,花蕾不斷增大,花瓣顏色加深,萼片顏色變淺,花蕾縱徑、橫徑、花瓣長(zhǎng)均呈增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)。同一品種紫花苜蓿小孢子發(fā)育的四個(gè)時(shí)期花部形態(tài)指標(biāo)存在顯著或極顯著差異,尤其是縱徑、橫徑和花瓣長(zhǎng),說(shuō)明縱徑和花瓣長(zhǎng)可以作為判定小孢子發(fā)育時(shí)期的選擇指標(biāo)。
在小孢子培養(yǎng)和花藥培養(yǎng)的研究中表明,小孢子處于單核靠邊期時(shí),愈傷組織誘導(dǎo)率最高;[29]蒺藜苜蓿[30]小孢子處于單核靠邊期時(shí),愈傷組織誘導(dǎo)率可達(dá)37.21%;也有植物將單核早中期作為小孢子培養(yǎng)的最佳時(shí)期,如蕓薹屬植物[31]。試驗(yàn)中紫花苜蓿小孢子處于單核早中期和單核靠邊期時(shí),縱徑長(zhǎng)的范圍在5.01~6.00 mm和5.40~6.10 mm,而花瓣長(zhǎng)的范圍在3.18~4.68 mm和3.98~5.55 mm,這與張?chǎng)蝃11]的研究結(jié)果有差異,其研究結(jié)果表示,紫花苜蓿處于單核末期時(shí),花萼比花瓣稍長(zhǎng),瓣萼比為14/25,即0.56,研究的5個(gè)品種的紫花苜蓿瓣萼比的范圍在0.88~1.05 mm,比張晶的研究結(jié)果稍大,這可能是由于不同品種之間存在差異;馬菊蘭[28,29]的研究表明,小孢子發(fā)育處于單核中期到單核靠邊期時(shí),花冠伸出花萼1~2 mm,由于紫花苜蓿處于單核靠邊期時(shí),花瓣露出花萼部分較短,不易測(cè)量,試驗(yàn)未選擇測(cè)量花瓣長(zhǎng)和萼片長(zhǎng)。
3.3 紫花苜蓿小孢子發(fā)育時(shí)期與花藥發(fā)育特征的相關(guān)性
研究表明[32],隨著小孢子的發(fā)育,花藥長(zhǎng)度、寬度、長(zhǎng)寬比存在顯著差異,花藥顏色變化明顯。通過(guò)對(duì)5個(gè)品種紫花苜蓿小孢子的花藥觀測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn),花藥長(zhǎng)度和寬度差異并不顯著,說(shuō)明花藥長(zhǎng)寬不適合作為判斷小孢子發(fā)育時(shí)期的指標(biāo)?;ㄋ庮伾嬖诿黠@差異,隨著小孢子的發(fā)育,花藥顏色變化規(guī)律依次為綠色-黃綠色-淺黃色-黃色。
在進(jìn)行紫花苜?;ㄋ幣囵B(yǎng)或游離小孢子培養(yǎng)時(shí),可以根據(jù)花蕾形態(tài)判斷小孢子的發(fā)育時(shí)期,并進(jìn)而確定適合小孢子培養(yǎng)的最佳選材標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。試驗(yàn)中紫花苜蓿小孢子處于單核早中期和單核靠邊期時(shí),縱徑長(zhǎng)的范圍在5.01~6.00 mm和5.40~6.10 mm,橫徑長(zhǎng)的范圍在1.51~1.74 mm和1.61~1.85 mm,而花瓣長(zhǎng)的范圍在3.18~4.68 mm和3.98~5.55 mm。紫花苜蓿小孢子單核靠邊期時(shí)花蕾外觀和花藥的形態(tài)特征是:花蕾已明顯膨大,花瓣露出萼片,萼片淡綠色,花瓣呈紫色;花藥體積較大,花藥淡黃色,較易剝離。因此,在進(jìn)行紫花苜蓿單倍體育種時(shí),可以根據(jù)此時(shí)期的特點(diǎn),通過(guò)測(cè)量紫花苜蓿花蕾縱徑和花瓣長(zhǎng),判斷小孢子的發(fā)育時(shí)期,從而為紫花苜?;ㄋ庪x體培養(yǎng)接種外植體的選擇提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
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Fund project:Supported by National Natural Science Foundation (31340068) and Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecological of Xinjiang program(XJDX0209-2012-06)
Study on Correlation between Microspore Development Period and Floral Organ Morphology ofMedicagosativaL.
JIN Xi-zi, ZHANG Bo, CHEN Ai-ping, LI Chen-jian
(College of Pratacultural and Environmental Sciences / Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources andEcology,XinjiangAgriculturalUniversity,Urumqi830052,China)
【Objective】 The paper focuses on the correlation between the cytological characteristics and floral characteristics ofMedicagosativaL. in different developmental stages of microspore in the hope of determining the developmental stage of microspore by floral characteristics and providing the basis for inducing haploid of microspore culture.【Method】5 varieties ofMedicagosativaL. were used as the test materials to observe their cytological characteristics in different developmental stages of microspore, floral characteristics, anther size, color and shape.【Result】Four stages of microspore inMedicagosativaL. including that the tetrad, the early and the mid-uninucleate, the late-uninucleate, the binucleate had obvious cytological characteristics; microspore development had correlation to the floral characteristics, bud height, diameter and petal length increased significantly, there were significant differences in the four periods of the same variety. The length of the longitudinal diameter of the Liangmu I was greater than that of the other 4 varieties during the period of the development of the pollen. The tested varieties had no significant difference in other floral characteristics. The anther size showed no significant difference in different stages of microspore development, but the color changed significantly, from green to yellow.【Conclusion】The longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter and the length of the petal are suitable to be used as indicators for the development of the pollen.. Alfalfa microspores at the uninucleate stage, longitudinal diameter length was between the 5.40 mm-6.10 mm, transverse diameter length was between the 1.61 mm-1.85 mm petals length was between 3.98 mm and 5.55 mm. At this stage, sepals were exposed from petals with purple color and anther showed canary yellow hue.
MedicagosativaL.; microspore; development period; floral organ morphology
10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2016.07.022
2016-03-29
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31340068);新疆草地資源與生態(tài)實(shí)驗(yàn)室項(xiàng)目(XJDX0209-2012-06)資助;
金西子(1991-),女,遼寧鞍山人,碩士研究生,研究方向?yàn)槟敛葸z傳育種,(E-mail)328925362@qq.com
張博(1963-),男,甘肅人,教授,碩士生導(dǎo)師,研究方向?yàn)槟敛葸z傳育種,(E-mail)xjauzb@sina.com
S551+.7
A
1001-4330(2016)07-1337-09