Plans Unveiled For High-tech“10-minute City”In Seoul

陳俊

想象一下，走出家門(mén)不到10分鐘就能到達(dá)工作場(chǎng)地、學(xué)校、健身中心和娛樂(lè)場(chǎng)所，這樣的生活是多么便利！韓國(guó)首爾近日推出的一個(gè)社區(qū)項(xiàng)目即將把這個(gè)美妙設(shè)想變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。

The idea of a "15-minute city，" in which residents can all reach work and leisure facilities within a quarter-hour walk -- or cycle -- of their homes， has gained significant traction among urban planners during the Covid-19 pandemic.

“15分鐘城市”，即居民都能從家步行或騎車(chē)15分鐘內(nèi)到達(dá)工作和休閑場(chǎng)所，這一概念在新冠疫情期間越來(lái)越受城市規(guī)劃者的歡迎。

Now， a group of architects is planning an even more ambitious neighborhood in South Korea's capital， Seoul： a 10-minute city.

如今，一群建筑師正在韓國(guó)首都首爾規(guī)劃一個(gè)更加雄心勃勃的社區(qū)項(xiàng)目——10分鐘城市。

Dubbed "Project H1，" the development is set to transform an old industrial site into an interconnected "smart" city. Combining eight residential buildings with co-working offices and study spaces， the 125-acre district is also set to house entertainment venues， fitness centers， swimming pools and even hydroponic urban farms.

該規(guī)劃被稱(chēng)為“H1項(xiàng)目”，旨在將一個(gè)老工業(yè)區(qū)改造成一個(gè)互相連通的“智慧”城市。通過(guò)將8棟住宅樓和聯(lián)合辦公區(qū)、教學(xué)空間結(jié)合在一起，這塊方圓125英畝（50.6萬(wàn)平方米）的地上將建起娛樂(lè)場(chǎng)所、健身中心、游泳池甚至城市水培農(nóng)場(chǎng)。

The project comprises eight residential towers， as well as retail， commercial and leisure facilities. Credit： Courtesy WAX & Virgin Lemon

Designed by Dutch architecture firm UNStudio and backed by Hyundai Development Company （a real estate firm owned by the conglomerate behind the car maker of the same name）， the neighborhood will also be completely car-free. A press release for the project claimed that "all the conveniences of the city" will be within a 10-minute walk of people's homes.

這個(gè)項(xiàng)目由荷蘭建筑公司UNStudio設(shè)計(jì)、現(xiàn)代房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)公司出資建造，建成后將實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)車(chē)化。該項(xiàng)目發(fā)布新聞稿稱(chēng)，“城市的所有便利”將會(huì)在從家步行10分鐘以內(nèi)的范圍享受到。

In a statement， UNStudio co-founder Ben van Berkel said that residents' "daily life experience" is the project's "top priority."

UNStudio建筑師事務(wù)所的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人本·凡·貝克爾在一份聲明中稱(chēng)，居民的“日常生活體驗(yàn)”是項(xiàng)目“最重視的事”。

"We do this through the inclusion of a rich density of uplifting， curated on-site experiences that provide an extensive range of options for how they can spend their living， working and leisure time， thereby also saving them the time needed to travel elsewhere in the city -- because with time that is saved， more time is created，" he is quoted as saying.

他在聲明中說(shuō)道：“我們?cè)陧?xiàng)目中密集植入精心策劃的各種活力現(xiàn)場(chǎng)體驗(yàn)，從而為居民提供了生活、工作和休閑的多樣化選擇，由此節(jié)省了他們?nèi)ナ袃?nèi)其他地方所需的出行時(shí)間，這樣一來(lái)時(shí)間就變多了?！?/p>

A spokesperson for UNStudio confirmed that project has been green-lit but did not disclose when it is likely to break ground. For now， a series of CGI renderings hint at how the neighborhood will look， with public plazas， gardens， green roofs and "nature zones" connected by pedestrian walkways.

UNStudio的一名發(fā)言人證實(shí)該項(xiàng)目已獲批準(zhǔn)，但是沒(méi)有透露何時(shí)動(dòng)工。目前只能看到電腦生成的效果圖，圖上顯示這個(gè)社區(qū)有廣場(chǎng)、花園、綠色屋頂以及和多條人行道相連的“自然區(qū)”。

A digital rendering shows residents walking through the pedestrianized neighborhood. Credit： Courtesy WAX & Virgin Lemon

The architects also said that clean energy will be generated on site， while systems to capture and store rain are being designed to reduce water use.

這家建筑公司還透露，社區(qū)內(nèi)將會(huì)就地生產(chǎn)清潔能源，還會(huì)建立收集和儲(chǔ)存雨水的節(jié)水系統(tǒng)。

The "15-minute city" concept was first proposed by French-Colombian academic Carlos Moreno in 2016， and was more recently popularized by Paris mayor Anne Hidalgo， who proposed making the French capital a "ville du quart d'heure" -- a quarter-hour city -- during her recent reelection campaign.

“15分鐘城市”概念是法裔哥倫比亞籍學(xué)者卡洛斯·莫雷諾于2016年首次提出的，近期在巴黎市長(zhǎng)安妮·伊達(dá)爾戈的連任競(jìng)選活動(dòng)中得到推廣。伊達(dá)爾戈提議把法國(guó)首都改造成一個(gè)15分鐘城市。

Critics have suggested that the concept could cause gentrification by further concentrating wealth in the most accessible and convenient districts. The desirability of "15-minute" neighborhoods may， in turn， result in home prices that exclude low-income and marginalized communities.

批評(píng)人士指出，這一概念可能會(huì)讓財(cái)富進(jìn)一步往最便利地區(qū)集中，從而導(dǎo)致住宅高檔化?！?5分鐘”社區(qū)的高需求量最后可能會(huì)抬高房?jī)r(jià)，從而把低收入者和邊緣化社區(qū)排除在外。

An aerial view of the proposed neighborhood. Credit： Courtesy WAX & Virgin Lemon

But the Covid-19 pandemic has seen growing interest in the concept. With people around the world working from home and avoiding public transport， urban planners have begun pedestrianizing streets and reimagining how cities manage dense populations.

但是新冠疫情的暴發(fā)催熱了這一概念。由于世界各地的人們?cè)诩肄k公、遠(yuǎn)離公交，城市規(guī)劃者開(kāi)始將街道改造成步行區(qū)，并重新設(shè)想城市管理高密度人口的方式。

Writing in the academic journal Smart Cities earlier this year， Moreno said， "The emergence of this pandemic exposed the vulnerability of cities ... and the need for a radical re-thinking， where innovative measures need to be tailored to ensure that urban residents are able to cope and continue with their basic activities， including cultural ones， to ensure that cities remain both resilient and livable in the short and long terms."

莫雷諾今年早些時(shí)候在學(xué)術(shù)雜志《智慧城市》中寫(xiě)道：“疫情的來(lái)襲暴露了城市的脆弱性……我們需要徹底改變思維，并根據(jù)具體情況制定新措施確保城市居民可以繼續(xù)進(jìn)行日?；顒?dòng)，包括文化活動(dòng)，從而確保城市在短期和長(zhǎng)期內(nèi)都能適應(yīng)變化并適宜居住。”