施文浩,張四林,任文娟,張鑫,師娟子
(西北婦女兒童醫(yī)院生殖中心,陜西 西安 710003)
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胚胎卵裂期移植與囊胚移植多胎率的比較
施文浩,張四林,任文娟,張鑫,師娟子
(西北婦女兒童醫(yī)院生殖中心,陜西 西安 710003)
目的 通過胚胎卵裂期移植與囊胚移植的不同移植胚胎數(shù)目間比較,尋找降低多胎率的方法和策略。方法 2014年1月1日至2015年6月30日在陜西省婦幼保健院生殖中心行常規(guī)體外受精/卵胞漿內(nèi)單精子注射-胚胎移植(IVF/ICSI-ET)的患者為研究對象,其中受精后第三天新鮮移植或解凍胚胎第三天移植為卵裂期組,受精后第五天新鮮移植或解凍后囊胚移植為囊胚期組。根據(jù)移植胚胎數(shù)目(1~3枚)分別進(jìn)行兩組間臨床妊娠及多胎率的比較。結(jié)果 共計(jì)移植7 454周期,其中新鮮移植4 756周期,凍融胚胎移植2 698周期。移植數(shù)目相同的情況下,囊胚移植的臨床妊娠率比卵裂期胚胎明顯增加(移植1枚、2枚、3枚時(shí),P值分別為0.001,0.001,0.033);卵裂期胚胎移植由2枚增加到3枚時(shí),臨床妊娠率并未增加反而下降(P=0.002),同時(shí)多胎率無明顯變化(P=0.252),因此移植3枚胚胎臨床妊娠率下降且多胎率無明顯變化;囊胚移植由2枚增加到3枚時(shí)臨床妊娠率略升高(P=0.739),同時(shí)多胎率升高(P=0.595),但無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。結(jié)論 卵裂期胚胎移植數(shù)目為1~3枚,可通過增加移植胚胎數(shù)目維持一定的臨床妊娠率,多胎風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并無增加;囊胚移植由2枚增加至3枚時(shí)并未顯著提高臨床妊娠率,相反有增加多胎率的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故囊胚移植數(shù)目應(yīng)該為1~2枚,并應(yīng)禁止移植3枚囊胚。
體外受精胚胎移植(IVF-ET);卵裂期胚胎;囊胚;移植胚胎數(shù)目
近年來輔助生殖技術(shù)日新月異的發(fā)展,輔助生殖技術(shù)興起之初,為提高臨床妊娠率,通過增加移植胚胎數(shù)目來是主要的手段之一。由此帶來的多胎妊娠率上升,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的母嬰并發(fā)癥等不斷增多[1-2]。多胎率成為輔助生殖技術(shù)的主要并發(fā)癥之一[3]。隨著輔助生殖技術(shù)的發(fā)展,尤其是囊胚培養(yǎng)技術(shù)及單胚胎選擇移植技術(shù)的發(fā)展,選擇性單囊胚移植逐步成為大勢所趨[4]。選擇性單囊胚移植的優(yōu)勢在于降低多胎妊娠率的同時(shí)仍能保持較高的臨床妊娠率,可以有效的預(yù)防多胎妊娠風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。由于胚胎數(shù)目、質(zhì)量以及患者意愿等因素,但并非所有患者都有機(jī)會進(jìn)行單囊胚移植,導(dǎo)致目前多個(gè)胚胎移植、多個(gè)囊胚移植仍大量并存的現(xiàn)狀[5]。為了降低多胎率本研究小組從胚胎卵裂期移植與囊胚移植的不同移植胚胎數(shù)目間比較,尋找降低多胎率的方法和策略。
1.1研究對象與分組
2014年1月1日至2015年6月30日在西北婦女兒童醫(yī)院生殖中心行常規(guī)體外受精/卵胞漿內(nèi)單精子注射一胚胎移植(IVF/ICSI-ET)的患者為研究對象,其中受精后第三天新鮮移植或解凍胚胎第三天移植為卵裂期組(共計(jì)4 033移植周期),受精后第五天新鮮移植或解凍后囊胚移植為囊胚期組(共計(jì)3 421移植周期)。根據(jù)移植胚胎數(shù)目(1~3枚)分別進(jìn)行兩組間臨床妊娠及多胎率的比較。
1.2方法
1.2.1卵裂期及囊胚期移植策略
常規(guī)將IVF/ICSI-ET的胚胎培養(yǎng)至第3天,若第三天可用胚胎中優(yōu)胚大于等于4枚,則建議患者培養(yǎng)至第五天囊胚移植;若第三天胚胎小于4枚,則建議患者第三天移植,剩余胚胎冷凍或繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)胚胎。新鮮移植取消的周期,同樣按此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)決定是否第三天冷凍或繼續(xù)進(jìn)行囊胚培養(yǎng)。繼續(xù)進(jìn)行囊胚培養(yǎng)的胚胎將于第五至第六天在擴(kuò)張期移植或冷凍保存。
1.2.2移植胚胎數(shù)目的策略
IVF/ICSI-ET患者常規(guī)移植1~3枚胚胎/囊胚,若有以下情況則進(jìn)行單胚胎或囊胚移植:①單角子宮、瘢痕子宮及其他母體因素不能耐受多胎妊娠的患者;②患者要求移植1枚胚胎/囊胚;③PGD/PGS常規(guī)建議移植1枚胚胎;④首次移植優(yōu)質(zhì)囊胚,若≥2次移植未孕者則建議移植3枚胚胎或囊胚。
1.2.3臨床妊娠定義
移植后2周尿hCG(+),臨床妊娠為孕5周B超見孕囊及胎心。多胎妊娠定義:多胎妊娠包括雙胎及雙胎以上,孕3個(gè)月前宮內(nèi)見到2個(gè)或2個(gè)以上妊娠囊,且各有胎心者。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
全部數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 16.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理,率的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)采用χ2檢驗(yàn)(理論頻數(shù)小于5采用FISH檢驗(yàn)),P<0.05為有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1基本數(shù)據(jù)
共計(jì)移植7 454周期,其中新鮮移植4 756周期,凍融胚胎移植2 698周期。不同移植數(shù)目間的卵裂期/囊胚期移植的臨床妊娠數(shù)據(jù),見表1。
表1 基本數(shù)據(jù)(n)
Table 1 Basic data(n)
移植數(shù)目周期數(shù)妊娠數(shù)單胎雙胎三胎胚胎40332210149270991588200198202327819321239689431677855185囊胚3421233015637521511274781778302212115317777421232618873合計(jì)74542330156375215
2.2卵裂期移植與囊胚移植臨床妊娠率的比較
比較了卵裂期胚胎與囊胚的不同移植數(shù)目間的臨床妊娠率和多胎率,發(fā)現(xiàn)在移植數(shù)目相同的情況下,囊胚移植的臨床妊娠率比卵裂期胚胎明顯增加(移植1枚、2枚、3枚時(shí),P=0,0,0.033),同時(shí)移植2枚或移植3枚時(shí)的多胎率較后者明顯增加(移植2枚、3枚時(shí)P=0,0.036),見表2。
2.3卵裂期移植與囊胚移植多胎率的比較
將移植2枚胚胎與移植3枚胚胎的卵裂期/囊胚期移植臨床妊娠率和多胎率的比較發(fā)現(xiàn),將卵裂期胚胎移植數(shù)目由2枚上升為3枚時(shí),臨床妊娠率下降且有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P=0.002),對多胎率的下降不具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P=0.252);囊胚移植數(shù)目由2枚增加至3枚時(shí),臨床妊娠率下降(P=0.739),多胎率升高(P=0.595),但未顯示出統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,見表3。
表2 卵裂期胚胎與囊胚的不同移植數(shù)目間的臨床妊娠率和多胎率的比較
Table 2 Comparison of clinical pregnancy rate and multiple-pregnancy rate with different number of embryos between
cleavage stage embryos and blastocyst
表3 移植2枚胚胎與移植3枚胚胎的卵裂期/囊胚期移植臨床妊娠率和多胎率的比較
Table 3 Comparison of clinical pregnancy rate and multiple-pregnancy rate between transferring 2 and 3 embryoes in
cleavage stage / blastocyst
3.1囊胚較卵裂期胚胎的妊娠率和多胎率高
移植胚胎數(shù)目常常成為IVF-ET中臨床決策糾結(jié)的焦點(diǎn)之一,源于其在臨床妊娠率、多胎并發(fā)癥、母體子宮情況、胚胎質(zhì)量及患者意愿等多因素間平衡[6]。為尋找適合胚胎移植數(shù)目的策略,根據(jù)我中心數(shù)據(jù)情況,回顧分析不同移植胚胎數(shù)目間臨床妊娠率和多胎率。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在移植相同胚胎數(shù)目的情況下,囊胚移植較卵裂期胚胎移植的臨床妊娠率和多胎率均有增加且具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(除外移植1枚胚胎/囊胚的多胎率)。因此移植數(shù)目相同的情況下,囊胚移植較卵裂期胚胎移植能夠獲得更高的臨床妊娠率,但同時(shí)也增加了多胎風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
3.2移植3枚卵裂期胚胎與囊胚的多胎率比較
由于移植3枚胚胎患者均為多次移植失敗患者,該人群預(yù)后較差,一般通過增加移植數(shù)目來維持一定的臨床妊娠率。卵裂期胚胎移植由2枚增加到3枚時(shí),臨床妊娠率并未增加反而下降,同時(shí)多胎率無明顯變化。因此移植3枚胚胎可維持一定的臨床妊娠率且多胎率沒有增加的風(fēng)險(xiǎn);囊胚移植由2枚增加到3枚時(shí)臨床妊娠率無升高而多胎率卻略有升高。因此囊胚移植由2枚增加3枚時(shí)并未提高臨床妊娠率,同時(shí)多胎率有增加風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。由此我們建議囊胚移植數(shù)目應(yīng)該為1~2,因?yàn)橐浦?枚囊胚對妊娠率的提高無益,且多胎風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加,應(yīng)該禁止移植3枚囊胚。
3.3限制囊胚移植數(shù)目
隨著囊胚培養(yǎng)和移植技術(shù)的普遍應(yīng)用,單囊胚移植成為大勢所趨。但是由于胚胎數(shù)目、質(zhì)量、培養(yǎng)條件等因素,卵裂期胚胎無法形成囊胚而失去移植機(jī)會;部分患者移植多枚胚胎或囊胚的意愿強(qiáng)烈;上次周期無囊胚形成等情況的存在,導(dǎo)致目前多個(gè)胚胎移植/囊胚移植仍大量并存現(xiàn)狀[7]。囊胚較卵裂期胚胎的種植率顯著提高,在這種情況下囊胚移植的數(shù)目仍然參考卵裂期胚胎移植數(shù)目的策略,可能造成多胎率的增加[8-9]。因此囊胚移植數(shù)目應(yīng)該較卵裂期胚胎移植數(shù)目的策略更加嚴(yán)格才能控制多胎率等并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生[10-11]。
3.4結(jié)論
由于本研究是回顧性的研究分析,未將年齡、不孕病因、胚胎質(zhì)量等相關(guān)因素納入研究中,可能在一定程度上存在偏倚,但是本研究移植胚胎數(shù)目的策略決定有一定的參考作用。綜上所述,卵裂期胚胎移植數(shù)目為1~3枚,可通過增加移植胚胎數(shù)目維持一定的臨床妊娠率,多胎風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并無增加;囊胚移植由2枚增加至3枚時(shí)并未顯著提高臨床妊娠率,相反有增加多胎率的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故囊胚移植數(shù)目應(yīng)該為1~2枚,并禁止移植3枚囊胚。
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[專業(yè)責(zé)任編輯:王興玲]
Comparation of multiple-pregnancy rate between cleavage stage embryos transfer and blastocyst transfer
SHI Wen-hao, ZHANG Si-lin, REN Wen-juan, ZHANG Xin, SHI Juan-zi
(Reproductive Center, Northwest Women and Children’s Hospital, Shaanxi Xi’an 710003, China)
Objective To compare the number of embryo between cleavage stage embryos transfer and blastocyst transfer so as to look for the strategies to reduce the rate of multiple-pregnancies. Methods The patients, undergoing in vitro fertilization / intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET) in Reproductive Center of Northwest Women and Children's Hospital during January 1, 2014 to June 30, 2015 were enrolled as research objects. The cleavage stage group included cases with fresh or thawed embryos transferred at the third day. The blastocyst stage group included the cases with fresh and thawed embryos transferred at the fifth day. According to the number of embryos transferred (1-3), two groups were compared in clinical pregnancy and multiple-pregnancy rate. Results A total of 7 454 cycles were transferred, including 4 756 fresh cycles and 2 698 cycles of frozen thawed embryo transfer. When the number of transfer was same, the clinical pregnancy rate of blastocyst transfer was significantly higher than that of cleavage stage embryos transfer (Pvalue was 0.001. 0.001 and 0.033, respectively, for 1, 2 and 3 embryo transfer). When the number of cleavage stage embryos increased from 2 to 3, the clinical pregnancy rate was not increased but decreased (P=0.002), while no significant difference was found in multiple-pregnancy rate (P=0.252). Therefore, transferring 3 cleavage embryos did not improve the clinical pregnancy rate and multiple-pregnancy rate did not change a lot. To increase the number of embryos transferred in blastocyst group from 2 to 3, the clinical pregnancy rate increased slightly (P=0.739) and multiple-pregnancy rate increased (P=0.595) without significant difference. Conclusion When the number of cleavage stage embryo transferred increases from 1 to 3, clinical pregnancy rate can be maintained without increasing of risk of multiple-pregnancy rate by increasing the number of transferred embryos. To increase the number of embryos transferred in blastocyst group, the clinical pregnancy rate is not significantly improved, but the risk of multiple-pregnancy rate increases. Therefore, the recommended number of blastocyst transferred is 1-2, and 3 blastocyst is forbidden to transfer.
in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET); cleavage stage embryo; blastocyst; number of embryos transferred
2015-12-08
施文浩(1985-),男,主治醫(yī)師,醫(yī)學(xué)碩士,主要從事生殖醫(yī)學(xué)研究。
師娟子,主任醫(yī)師/醫(yī)學(xué)博士。
10.3969/j.issn.1673-5293.2016.09.020
R715
A
1673-5293(2016)09-1090-03