楊丹芬,宋根紅
?
乙酰唑胺對(duì)慢性阻塞性肺疾病無創(chuàng)通氣酸堿平衡的影響
楊丹芬a,宋根紅b*
乙酰唑胺;慢性阻塞性肺疾??;無創(chuàng)通氣;酸堿平衡
1.2 方法 COPD急性加重指在疾病過程中患者咳嗽、咳痰、呼吸困難短期內(nèi)急劇加重,痰液顏色或黏度改變,伴有發(fā)熱、神志改變等表現(xiàn)。本研究通過電子問卷收集人口數(shù)據(jù)和臨床特征,獲得受試者的基本信息。70例患者依據(jù)服用乙酰唑胺的情況分為2組:研究組38例,應(yīng)用乙酰唑胺治療高碳酸血癥后堿中毒;對(duì)照組32例,不使用乙酰唑胺治療?;颊咴谶M(jìn)行無創(chuàng)通氣治療時(shí),連續(xù)2 d服用乙酰唑胺,當(dāng)MA轉(zhuǎn)歸(pH≤7.38)或血鉀過低(≤3.0 Eq/L)時(shí),停止使用乙酰唑胺。所有患者按照COPD惡化的國際指導(dǎo)方針進(jìn)行治療:糖皮質(zhì)激素(強(qiáng)的松 20~40 mg/d)+抗生素。
服用乙酰唑胺前,檢測患者的基線指標(biāo)。基本過程:①無創(chuàng)通氣設(shè)置。起初吸氣氣道正壓(Inspiratory positive airway pressure,IPAP)為10 cmH2O,之后以每10分鐘2~5 cmH2O的頻率增加至16~20 cmH2O,氧補(bǔ)充的限度是使動(dòng)脈血氧飽和度≥90%。呼氣氣道正壓(Expiratory positive airway pressure,EPAP)保持在3~6 cmH2O。②動(dòng)脈血液氣體取樣。每天在服用乙酰唑胺30 min前,經(jīng)皮針穿刺動(dòng)脈徑向取樣,經(jīng)血液氣體分析儀進(jìn)行檢測。③尿液采集。每天用無菌容器采集尿液,依據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)程序檢測pH值。④服用乙酰唑胺。動(dòng)脈血樣氣體分析顯示,代謝性堿中毒后,患者于次日8∶00開始口服乙酰唑胺500 mg,連續(xù)服用2 d。
2.1 兩組患者一般資料及基線資料比較 研究組38例,男17例,女21例,平均年齡(71.34±11.72)歲;對(duì)照組32例,男12例,女20例,平均年齡(73.31±6.92)歲。兩組一般資料及基線特征比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。見表1。
表1 兩組一般資料比較
2.2 兩組不同指標(biāo)比較
圖1 兩組患者用藥后不同時(shí)間各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)變化
圖2 兩組患者各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)變化比率分析
2.2.3 受試者無創(chuàng)通氣治療時(shí)間比較 研究組無創(chuàng)通氣治療時(shí)間為(5.53±1.72) d,對(duì)照組為(18.81±4.08) d,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。兩組住院時(shí)間比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=0.418,P=0.877)。
本研究的不足之處:首先,在無創(chuàng)通氣補(bǔ)氧氣治療期間,其動(dòng)脈血氧飽和度閾值為90%,通過呼吸機(jī)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行控制,無法準(zhǔn)確測定吸入氧體積分?jǐn)?shù)(FiO2),因此,無法分析PaO2與氧合指數(shù)(PaO2/FiO2)的變化。其次,檢測時(shí)間僅為48 h,穩(wěn)定性不足,應(yīng)延長隨訪時(shí)間。
[1] 趙子文,李曉巖.慢性阻塞性肺疾病藥物治療新進(jìn)展[J].實(shí)用醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2014,30(1):10-13.
[2] 陳榮昌,高永華.慢性阻塞性肺疾病臨床防治與研究熱點(diǎn)問題[J].實(shí)用醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2014,30(1):1-3.
[3] Law S,Boyd S,Macdonald J,et al.Predictors of survival in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease receiving long-term oxygen therapy[J].Brain Res,2014,44(2):692-697.
[4] Ahmadi Z,Bornefalk-Hermansson A,Franklin KA,et al.Hypo- and hypercapnia predict mortality in oxygen-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:a population-based prospective study[J].Respir Res,2014,15(6):757-758.
[5] Windisch W,Storre JH,K?hnlein T.Nocturnal non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for COPD.[J].Exp Rev Respir Med,2015,9(3):1-14.
[6] Sohrabi K,Scholtes M,Mursina L,et al.Determination of hypercapnic ventilatory response in COPD patients[J].Pneumologie,2015,69(11):662-666.
[7] Fontana V,Santinelli S,Internullo M,et al.Effect of acetazolamide on post-NIV metabolic alkalosis in acute exacerbated COPD patients[J].Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci,2016,20(1):37-43.
[8] Nicholas H,ChristoPhe F,SaK U.Population pharmacodynamic model of bicarbonate response to acetazolamide in mechanically ventilated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients[J].Critical Care,2011,15(5):1-9.
[9] Ghorab MM,Alsaid MS,Ceruso M,et al.Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors:synthesis,molecular docking,cytotoxic and inhibition of the human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I,II,IX,XII with novel benzene sulfonamides incorporating pyrrole,pyrrolopyrimidine and fused pyrrolopyrimidine moieties[J].Bioorg Med Chem,2014,22(14):3684-3695.
[10] Faisy C,Mokline A,Sanchez O,et al.Effectiveness of acetazolamide for reversal of metabolic alkalosis in weaning COPD patients from mechanical ventilation[J].Intensive Care Med,2010,36(5):859-863.
[11] Swenson ER.Safety of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors[J].Expert Opin Drug Saf,2014,13(4):459-472.
[12]Heming N,Urien S,Fulda V,et al.Population pharmacodynamic modeling and simulation of the respiratory effect of acetazolamide in decompensated COPD patients[J].PLoS One,2014,9(1):e86313-e86313.
[13]廖秀君,李非洲,孫春輝.COPD合并重癥呼吸衰竭受試者無創(chuàng)通氣治療后護(hù)理要點(diǎn)及分析[J].國際護(hù)理學(xué)雜志,2013,32(6):444-445.
Effects of acetazolamide on acid-base balance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease undergiong noninvasive ventilation
YANG Dan-fena,SONG Gen-hongb*
(a.Department of Respiratory,b.Department of Intensive Care Unit,Affiliated Hospital of Yan′an University,Yan′an 716000,China)
Acetazolamide;Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;Noninvasive ventilation;Acid-base balance
2016-03-25
延安大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院 a.呼吸內(nèi)科,b.重癥醫(yī)學(xué)科,陜西 延安 716000
*通信作者
10.14053/j.cnki.ppcr.201610009