廣西樓梯草屬八新種

王文采

(中國科學(xué)院植物研究所，系統(tǒng)與進(jìn)化植物學(xué)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，北京 100093)

廣西樓梯草屬八新種

王文采

(中國科學(xué)院植物研究所，系統(tǒng)與進(jìn)化植物學(xué)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，北京 100093)

描述了自廣西發(fā)現(xiàn)的蕁麻科樓梯草屬八新種，少花樓梯草，隆安樓梯草，粗柱頭毛樓梯草，羅城樓梯草，糙莖樓梯草，三列苞樓梯草，基序樓梯草和黃果樓梯草，并分別給出其與近緣種的區(qū)別特征。

蕁麻科；樓梯草屬；新種；廣西

圖1 少花樓梯草(A～E)和粗柱頭毛樓梯草(F～H) A.一條莖；B.雌頭狀花序；C.2外層苞片；D.2內(nèi)層苞片；E.雌小苞片和3雌花；F.莖頂部；G.雌頭狀花序(下面觀)；H.3雌小苞片和雌花Fig.1 Elatostema oliganthum(A-E) and E.crassipenicillum(F-H) A.One stem; B.Pistillate capitulum; C.2 outer bracts; D.2 inner bracts; E.4 pistillate bracteoles and 3 pistillate flowers; F.Apical part of stem; G.Pistillate capitulum,seen from beneath; H.3 pistillate bracteoles and pistillate flower(from holotype)

少花樓梯草 圖1:A-E

ElatostemaoliganthumW.T.Wang,sp.nov.Fig.1:A-E

(Sect.Weddellia(H.Schr?ter) W.T.Wang ser.Monandra W.T.Wang)

Species nova haec est similisE.glochidioidiW.T.Wang,quod caulibus glabris,foliis omnibus margine semper integris subtus glabris trinervibus,cystolithis majoribus 0.4-0.7 mm longis,capitulo pistillato bracteas ca.7 patentes 1-seriatas minores 1 mm longas et flores pistillatas numerosas ferente differt.

Small perennial herbs.Stems ca.6 caespitose,9-16 cm tall,at base 0.8-1.2 mm across,below glabrous,near base multi-brown-verruculose,above villous,ramose.Leaves alternate,sessile or subsessile; blades papery,obliquely long elliptic or obliquely elliptic,0.9-2×0.3-0.75 cm,apex acute,base at leaf narrow side cuneate,at broad side auriculate,margin entire or at leaf broad side 1-denticulate; surfaces both adaxially and abaxially appressed-pubescent; nervation semi-triplinerved,with lateral nerves 1-2 at leaf narrow side and 2-3 at broad side; cystoliths dense,bacilliform,0.2-0.45 mm long; stipules membranous,greenish,lanceolate-oblong or lanceolate,1.8-3×0.25-0.7 mm,sparsely pilose or subglabrous,with some cystoliths,margins semi-hyaline.Staminate capitula not seen.Pistillate capitula singly axillary,shortly pedunculate,ca.7-flowered; peduncle ca.0.15 mm long,glabrous; receptacles inconspicuous; bracts 6,erect,2-seriate,membranous,green,sparsely villous,outer bracts 2 opposite,slightly unequal in size,lanceolate,1.8×0.8-1 mm,the larger one abaxially below apex 1-corniculate,inner bracts 4 smaller,narrowly lanceolate,ca.1.8×0.4 mm; bracteoles ca.15,membranous,green,rarely white,linear,1-1.6×0.1-0.2 mm,with few long hairs.Pistillate flowers shortly or long pedicellate; tepals wanting; ovaries yellowish,ellipsoidal,0.2-0.4 mm long; stigmas penicillate,0.2-0.4 mm long.

廣西(Guangxi)：那坡縣，白省鄉(xiāng)，面梁村，弄卜屯(Napo Xian,Baisheng Xiang,Mianliang Cun,Nongbu Tun),alt.1 000 m,石灰?guī)r山山谷疏林下(under sparse forest in valley of a limestone hill)，草本高0.4 m，花白色(herbs 0.4 m tall,fls.white),2008-10-18,中植聯(lián)廣西隊(duì)(Guangxi Exped.Inst.Bot.) 4165(holotype,PE).

本種與算盤樓梯草(ElatostemaglochidioidesW.T.Wang)相似，與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的莖上部被長柔毛，葉邊緣全緣或?qū)拏?cè)邊緣有1小牙齒，兩面被柔毛，具半離基三出脈，鐘乳體較小，長0.2～0.45 mm，雌頭狀花序有排成2層的6枚直立較大苞片(長1.8 mm)和7朵雌花。在算盤樓梯草，莖無毛，全部葉均全緣，背面無毛，具三出脈，鐘乳體較大，長0.4～0.7 mm，雌頭狀花序有約7枚水平開放的較小苞片(長1 mm)和多數(shù)雌花[1]。

隆安樓梯草 圖2

ElatostemalonganenseW.T.Wang,sp.nov.Fig.2

[Sect.Weddellia(H.Schr?ter) W.T.Wang ser.Monandra W.T.Wang]

圖2 隆安樓梯草 A.莖上部；B.雌頭狀花序(下面觀)；C.雌小苞片和雌花；D.瘦果Fig.2 Elatostema longanense A.Upper part of stem; B.Pistillate capitulum,seen from beneath; C.2 pistillate bracteoles and pistillate flower; D.Achene(form holotype)

Species nova haec est affinisE.pellionioidiW.T.Wang,quod caulibus dense strigosis,foliorum laminis basi latere latiore auriculatis vel rotundatis margine conspicue denticulatis,stipulis minoribus subulatis 4 mm longis cystolithis carentibus,capitulis pistillatis singulariter axillaribus,eorum receptaculis minutis inconspicuis,bracteolis apice ciliolatis,flore pistillato tepalis carente,ovario haud lineato facile ab eo recedens.

Perrennial herb.Stem ca.30 cm tall,near base 2 mm across,near nodes sparsely strigose,elsewhere glabrous,simple,ca.12-leaved,with dense bacilliform and fusiform cystoliths 0.2-0.4 mm long.Leaves alternate,shortly petiolate or sessile; blades papery,obliquely and narrowly elliptic,5-10×1.6-3.5 cm,apex acuminate or long acuminate,base obliquely cuneate,margin subentire or above undulate-crenate or repand; surfaces adaxially on basal nerves densely long strigose,abaxially glabrous; nervation semi-triplinerved,with 1-2 lateral nerves at leaf narrow side and 2-3 lateral nerves at broad side; cystoliths dense,conspicuous,bacilliform,0.2-0.4 mm long; petioles 0-4 mm long,with dense,minute cystoliths; stipules membranous,linear,8-11×1-1.2 mm,glabrous or sparsely ciliolate,with dense minute cystoliths.Staminate capitula not seen.Pistillate capitula 2 or 3 axillary,ca.3 mm long; peduncle ca.0.5 mm long; receptacle subquadrate,ca.2×1.6 mm,glabrous,2-lobed; bracts ca.20,2-seriate,membranous,outer bracts 2 opposite,depressed-deltoid,ca.0.3×1 mm,sparsely ciliolate,inner bracts ca.18,triangular or narrowly triangular,0.8-1×0.3-0.5 mm,densely ciliate; bracteoles numerous,very dense,semi-hyaline,white,linear or cuneate-linear,0.6-1.2 mm long,at apex densely long ciliate.Pistillate flower pedicellate; tepals 2,linear 0.2 mm long,at apex with 2-3 hairs; ovary narrowly oviod,ca.0.4 mm long,longitudinally brown-lineate; stigma penicillate,ca.0.05 mm long.Achenes brownish,oblong-ovoid,ca.0.5 mm long,longitudinally 6-brown-ribbed and sparsely brown lineolate.

廣西(Guangxi)：隆安縣，龍虎山自然保護(hù)區(qū)(Longan Xian,Longhushan nature reserve),alt.200 m,石灰山山坡林下(in forest on slope in a limeatone hill),2008-05-11，中植聯(lián)廣西隊(duì)(Guangxi Exped.Inst.Bot.) 0203(holotype,PE).

本種與赤車樓梯草(ElatostemapellionioidesW.T.Wang)在親緣關(guān)系方面相近，與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的莖只在節(jié)附近疏被糙伏毛，其他部分無毛，葉片基部斜楔形，其邊緣近全緣或上部具波狀淺齒，托葉較大，條形，長8～11 mm，有密集小鐘乳體，雌頭狀花序2～3枚腋生，其花序托明顯，近方形，小苞片頂端密被長緣毛，雌花有2枚花被片，子房有褐色線紋。在赤車樓梯草，莖密被糙伏毛，葉片基部寬側(cè)呈耳形或圓形，其邊緣具明顯小牙齒，托葉較小，呈鉆形，長4 mm，無鐘乳體，雌頭狀花序單生葉腋，其花序托極小，不明顯，小苞片頂端被短緣毛，雌花無花被片，子房無線紋。

粗柱頭毛樓梯草 圖1:F-H

ElatostemacrassipenicillumW.T.Wang,sp.nov. Fig.1:F-H

[Sect.Weddellia(H.Schr?ter) W.T.Wang ser.TenuicaudatoidaW.T.Wang]

Ob plantas suffrutescentes ramosas et folia penninervia species nova haec fortasse ad Sect.Weddelliam(H.Schr?ter) W.T.Wang ser.TenuicudatoidaW.T.Wang pertinet,et in serie hac abE.tenuicaudatoideW.T.Wang foliis coriaceis minoribus usque ad 4.8 cm longis et ad 1.4 cm latis nervos laterales 4-5-jugos ferentibus,capitulo pistillato receptaculum inconspicuum et bracteas ca.7 ovatas apice acuminatas et bracteolas brunneas majores apice 1-corniculatas ferente,flore pistillato tepalis carente recedit.

Small subshrub.Stem ca.20 cm tall,near ligneous base ca.5 mm across,glabrous,ramose.Leaves alternate,sessile,glabrous; blades coriaceous,adaxially turing black and abaxially turning brown when drying,obliquely lanceolate or oblong,2-4.8×0.6-1.4 cm,apex long acuminate or caudate,base obliquely cuneate,margin denticulate; nervation penninerved,with 4-5 pairs of lateral nerves; and with obscure tertiary and quaternary nerves between the lateral nerves abaxially; cystoliths dense,bacilliform,0.1-0.2 mm long; stipules turing black when drying,coriaceous,linear,1-2×0.2-0.5 mm.Staminate capitula not seen.Pistillate capitula in pairs axillary,sessile; receptacle incospicuous; bracts ca.7,brown,ovate,0.9×0.4-0.6 mm,glabrous,apex acuminate; bracteoles numerous,larger bracteoles at apex 1-corniculate.Pistillate flowers sessile; tepals wanting; ovaries ellipsoidal,ca.0.4 mm long; stigmas penicillate,ca.0.4 mm long,with ca.16 thick hairs.

廣西(Guangxi)：那坡縣，白省鄉(xiāng)，面梁村，弄卜屯(Napo Xian,Baisheng Xiang,Mianliang Cun,Nongbu Tun),alt.1 150 m，石灰?guī)r山山谷疏林下(under sparse forest in valley of a limestone hill),草本，花綠色(herbs,fls.green-white),2008-10-18，中植聯(lián)廣西隊(duì)(Guangxi Exped.Inst.Bot.) 4177(holotype,PE).

本種為半灌木，葉具羽狀脈，可能隸屬于小葉樓梯草組擬細(xì)尾樓梯草系(Sect.Weddelliaser.Tenuicaudatoida),在擬細(xì)尾樓梯草系中本種與擬細(xì)尾樓梯草(ElatostematenuicaudatoidesW.T.Wang)的區(qū)別在于本種的葉革質(zhì)，較小，長達(dá)4.8 cm，寬達(dá)1.4 cm，具4～5對側(cè)脈，雌頭狀花序具不明顯的花序托，其苞片約7枚，卵形，頂端漸尖，其小苞片呈褐色，較大小苞片頂端具1角狀突起，雌花無花被片。在擬細(xì)尾樓梯草，葉薄紙質(zhì)，較大，長達(dá)18 cm，寬達(dá)4.5 cm，具6～9對側(cè)脈，雌頭狀花序具小但明顯的花序托(直徑1.2～2.5 mm)，其苞片約10枚，寬條形，頂端圓截形，其小苞片呈白色，半透明，頂端無任何突起，雌花具3枚花被片[1]。

羅城樓梯草 圖3:A-C

ElatostemaluochengenseW.T.Wang,sp.nov.Fig.3:A-C

[Sect.Weddellia(H.Schr?ter) W.T.Wang ser.InvolucratasW.T.Wang]

Species nova haec est affinisE.tenuicornutoW.T.Wang,quod folio nervis lateralibus 7-8-jugis et cystolithis punctiformibus praedito,involucri pistillati bracteis plerumque lineari- triangularibus diatat.

Perennial herb.Stem ca.32 cm tall,at base 3 mm across,near apex densely elsewhere sparsely puberulous,brown-furfuraceous,with dense cystoliths.simple,7-leaved.Leaves alternate,sessile; blades papery,obliquely narrowly obovate or obliquely obovate,4.5-10.6×1.4-3.8 cm,apex acuminate,base obliquely cuneate,margin denticulate; surfaces adaxially and abaxially appressed-puberulous and on midribus densely pubescent; nervation penninerved,with 4-6 pairs of lateral nerves; cystoliths very dense and very conspicuous,thinly bacilliform,0.3-0.7 mm long; stipules membranous,lanceolate-linear,5-6×1-1.5 mm,above ciliolate.Staminate capitula not seen.Fruiting piatillate capitula singly axillary,shortly pedunculate; peduncle ca.1.5 mm long,glabrous; receptacle rectangular or quardrate,3-3.5×2.5-3 mm,4-lobed,glabrous; bracts ca.23,2-seriate,membranous,outer bracts 3,deltoid,0.8×1-1.2 mm,subglabrous,inner bracts ca.20,triangular,1×0.4-0.4 mm,ciliolate; bracteoles numerous,dense,white,narrowly oblanceolate,0.4-0.8×0.1-0.3 mm,thickly ciliate.Achenes brownish,narrowly ovoid,ca.0.7×0.3 mm,longitudinally 8-ribbed and sparsely minutely tuberculate.

廣西(Guangxi)：羅城縣，懷群鄉(xiāng)，仁洞村(Luocheng Xian,Huaiqun Xiang,Rendong Cun)，石灰?guī)r山洞穴(in cave of limestone hill)，叢生草本(herbs caespitose),2006-05-05，侯滿福(M.F.Hou) 23(holotype,PE).

本種與細(xì)角樓梯草(ElatostematenuicornutumW.T.Wang)在親緣關(guān)系上相近，與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的葉的側(cè)脈較少，為4～6對，葉的鐘乳體極密，極明顯，細(xì)桿狀，長0.3～0.7 mm，雌頭狀花序的苞片呈正三角形或三角形。在細(xì)角樓梯草，葉的側(cè)脈較多，為7～8對，葉的鐘乳體極小，稍密，不明顯，呈點(diǎn)狀，雌頭狀花序的苞片狹長，多呈條狀三角形[1]。

糙莖樓梯草 圖3:D-H

ElatostemastrigosicauleW.T.Wang,sp.nov.Fig.3:D-H

(Sect.Elatostemaser.LungzhouensiaW.T.Wang)

Species nova haec est affinisE.angustibracteoW.T.Wang,quod foliis supra glabris,capituli pistillati receptaculo glabro,involucro pistillato ex bracteis ca.20 1-seriatis subglabris constante distinguitur.

Perennial herb.Stem ca.25 cm tall,at base 2 mm across,densely strigose,simple,10-leaved.Leaves alternate,shortly petiolate; blades thinly papery,narrowly obovate or obliquely elliptic,6-11.2×2-4 cm,apex acuminate,base obliquely cuneate or at leaf broad side rounded,margin denticulate; surfaces

圖3 羅城樓梯草(A～C)和糙莖樓梯草(D～H) A.莖頂部；B.雌頭狀花序(下面觀)；C.2雌小苞片和瘦果；D.莖頂部；E.雌頭狀花序(下面觀)；F.6內(nèi)層雌苞片；G.2雌小苞片；H.瘦果Fig.3 Elatostema luochengense(A-C) and E.strigosicaule(D～H) A.Apical part of stem; B.Pistillate capitulum,seen from beneath; C.2 pistillate bracteoles and achene; D.Apical part of stem; E.Pistillate capitulum,seen from beneath; F.6 inner pistillate bracts; G.2 pistillate bracteoles; H.Achene(from holotype)

adaxially sparsely strigose,abaxially on nerves puberulous; nervation trinerved,with ca.4 pairs of lateral nerves; cystoliths dense,thinly bacilliform,0.15-0.4 mm long; petioles 1-3 mm long; stipules membranous,greenish-white,lanceolate-linear,4-10×1-1.2 mm,sparsely ciliolate or glabrous.Staminate capitula not seen.Fruiting pistillate capitula in pairs axillary; peduncle ca.2 mm long; receptacle ca.3 mm in diam.,2-lobed,sparsely appressed- puberulous; bracts ca.39,2-seriate,membranous,outer bracts ca.4,triangular,1.5-2×1-1.2 mm,sparsely ciliate,inner bracts ca.35,smaller,narrowly triangular,ca.1×0.5 mm,densely ciliate,apex long attenuate; bracteoles numerous,dense,green,linear-oblanceolate,1.5-2×0.1-0.3 mm,above densely ciliate.Achenes yellow,narrowly ovoid,0.7-0.8×0.35-0.38 mm,longitudinally 6-8-ribbed and sparsely tuberculate.

廣西(Guangxi)：那坡縣，百合鄉(xiāng)，北坡(Napo Xian,Baihe Xiang,Beipo),alt.600 m，山谷密林中(under dense forest in valley)，植物直立(plants erect),2000-10-09，鄧云飛(Y.F.Deng) 15546(holotype,PE).

本種在親緣關(guān)系上與狹苞樓梯草(ElatostemaangustibracteumW.T.Wang)相近，與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的葉上面被糙伏毛，雌頭狀花序的花序托被貼伏短柔毛，雌總苞由排列成二層的約39枚苞片組成，苞片疏被或密被緣毛。在狹苞樓梯草，葉上面無毛，雌頭狀花序托無毛，雌總苞由排列成一層的約20枚近無毛的苞片組成[1]。

三列苞樓梯草 圖4:A-E

ElatostematriseriatobracteatumW.T.Wang,sp.nov.Fig.4:A-E

(Sect.Elatostemaser.LungzhouensiaW.T.Wang)

Species nova haec est affinisE.angustibracteoW.T.Wang,quod folio apice acuminato nervos laterales 3-jugos ferente,stipulis anguste triangularibus glabris,involucro pistillato ex bracteis ca.20 1-seriatis subglabris constante,bracteolis pistillatis linearibus abhorret.

Perrenial herb.Stem ca.30 cm tall,at base ca.2 mm across,densely strigose,with dense cystoliths,simple,ca.9-leaved.Leaves alternate,sessile or subsessile; blades papery,obliquely obovate or long elliptic,6-10×1.8-3.2 cm,apex cuspidate or long acuminate,base obliquely cuneate,margin denticulate; surfaces adaxially glabrous,abaxially on midrib densely and on lateral nerves sparsely appressed-puberulous; nervation trinerved,with 4-5 pairs of lateral nerves; cystoliths dense,bacilliform,0.15-0.4 mm long; stipules membranous,white,ovate,ca.5×1.8 mm,sparsely ciliate,with greenish midrib.Staminate capitula not seen.Pistillate capitula singly or in pair axillary; peduncle ca.2 mm long,glabrous; receptacle broadly rectangular,6-9×4-7 mm,glabrous,4-lobed; bracts ca.97,3-seriate,membranous,outer bracts 2,opposite,depressed-deltoid,ca.0.6×2 mm,subglabrous,middle bracts ca.15 deltoid,0.4-0.6×0.6-1 mm,sparsely ciliate,apex acute,inner bracts ca.80,triangular,1×0.5-0.7 mm,densely ciliate,apex long acuminate or caudate; bracteoles numerous,dense,white,semi-hyaline,narrowly elliptic,broadly linear or linear,0.5-1×0.05-0.3 mm,above ciliate.Pistillate flowers shortly pedicellate; tepals wanting; ovaries yellowish,elliptoidal,ca.0.35 mm long; stigmas penicillate,ca.0.15 mm long,with very dense short hairs.Achenes brown,ovoid,ca.0.7×0.4 mm,longitudinally 6-ribbed and minutyly tuberculate.

廣西(Guangxi)：大新縣，下雷自然保護(hù)區(qū)，德天片(Daxin Xian,Xialei nature reserve,Detianpian),alt.300 m，石灰?guī)r山，山坡林中(under forest on slope of a limestone hill)，草本，果綠色(herbs,fruits green),2008-05-20,中植聯(lián)廣西隊(duì)(Guangxi Exped.Inst.Bot.) 0850(holotype,PE)。

本種在親緣關(guān)系上與狹苞樓梯草Elatostema angustibracteum W.T.Wang相近，與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的葉在頂端具驟尖，有4～5對較多的側(cè)脈，托葉呈卵形，疏被緣毛，雌總苞由約97枚排成三層的苞片組成，多數(shù)苞片密被緣毛，雌小苞片多數(shù)呈狹橢圓形或?qū)挆l形。在狹苞樓梯草，葉在頂端漸尖，有3對較少側(cè)脈，托葉呈狹三角形，無毛，雌總苞由約20枚排列成一層的近無毛苞片組成，雌小苞片呈條形[1]。

基序樓梯草 圖5

ElatostemabasicapitulumW.T.Wang,sp.nov.Fig.5

(Sect.Elatostemaser.Dissecta W.T.Wang)

Species nova haec est affinisE.dissectoidiW.T.Wang,quod caulibus altioribus(1 m altis) glabris,foliorum cystolithis minoribus 0.1-0.2 mm longis,stipulis minoribus 3 mm longis glabris,capitulo staminato singulariter axillari,ejus bracteis plus quam 20 omnibus late ovatis utrinque glabris distinguitur.

圖4 三列苞樓梯草(A～C)和黃果樓梯草(F～I(xiàn)) A.莖頂部；B.雌頭狀花序(下面觀)；C.1中層苞片和6內(nèi)層苞片；D.3小苞片和雌花；E.瘦果；F.莖頂部；G.雌頭狀花序(下面觀)；H.7小苞片；I.小苞片和瘦果Fig.4 Elatostema triseratobracteatum(A-E) and E.xanthocarpum(F-I) A.Apical part of stem; B.Pistillate capitulum,seen from beneath; C.1 middle bract and 6 inner bracts; D.3 bracteoles an pistillate flower; E.Achene; F.Apical part of stem; G.Pistillate capitulum,seen from beneath; H.7 bracts; I.Bracteole and achene(from holotype)

圖5 基序樓梯草 A.植株基部；B.莖頂部；C.雄頭狀花序(側(cè)面觀)；D.雄頭狀花序(下面觀)；E.雄小苞片；F.雄花蕾；G.雌頭狀花序(下面觀)；H.2雌小苞片和2雌花Fig.5 Elatostema basicapitulum A.Basal part of plant; B.Apical part of stem; C.Staminate capitulum,seen from side; D.The same as C,seen from beneath; E.Staminate bracteoles; F.Staminate flower bud; G.Pistillate capitulum,seen from beneath; H.2 pistillate bracteoles and 2 pistillate flowers(from holotype)

Perennial herbs monoecious.Stems several caespitose,ca.20 cm tall,at base 3 mm across,hispid,near apex densely hirtellous,longitudinally 4-5-angulate,simple or from base long branched.Leaves alternate,shortly petiolate or sessile; blades papery,obliquely long elliptic or obliquely elliptic,9-15×2.2-5.5 cm,apex acuminate,base obliquely cuneate or at leaf broad side subrounded,margin dentate; surfaces adaxially and abaxially strigose and on midribs densely hirtellous; nervation semitriplinerved,with lateral nerves 4 at leaf narrow side and 5-6 at broad side; cystoliths dense,bacilliform,0.15-3(4) mm long; petioles 0-2 mm long; stipules membranous,white-greenish,lanceolate-linear,4.5-10×0.5-1.2 mm,densely hirtellous.Staminate capitulum solitary,basal,long pedunculate; peduncle slender,ca.8.5 cm long,glabrous; receptacle rectangular,ca.11×5 mm,glabrous; bracts 6,2-seriate,membranous,outer bracts 2 opposite,depressed-triangular,ca.3.2×6 mm longitudinally 1-ribbed,margin erosulate,subglabrous,inner bracts 4,transversely rectangular,ca.2.5×4 mm,near apex puberulous; bracteoles numerous,dense,membranous,white,long elliptic or obliquely obtrapeziform,2-3.8×0.6-1.4 mm,adaxially glabrous,abaxially densely appressed-puberulous.Staminate flower buds subglobose,ca.1 mm in diam.,apex 4-corniculate and densely pubescent.Pistillate capitula in pair axillary,one larger,growing in leaf axil,shortly pedunculate,the other one smaller,extra-axillary,sessile; peduncle 0-1.2 mm long; receptacle subquadrate or rectangular,3-6×2-5 mm,puberulous; bracts 20-45,green,lanceolate-linear or narrowly triangular,0.5-0.9×0.1-0.5 mm,puberulous; bracteoles green,linear,0.6-1 mm long,thickly ciliate.Pistillate flowers shortly pedicellate or sessile; tepals wanting; ovaries ellipsoidal,0.15-0.3 mm long; stigmas densely penicillate,0.15-0.3 mm long.

廣西(Guangxi)：大新縣，下雷鎮(zhèn)，新豐村，弄得屯(Daxin Xian,Xialei Zhen,Xinfeng Cun,Nongde Tun),alt.565 m,石灰?guī)r山山坡(on slope in a limestone hill)，叢生草本，花黃綠色(caespitose herbs,fls.yellow-green),2006-05-30，覃海寧，劉演，侯滿福，沈慶庚，許為斌，黃云(H.N.Qin,Y.Liu,M.F.Hou,Q.G.Shen,W.B.Xu & Y.Huang) 530006(holotype,PE)。

本種與擬盤托樓梯草(ElatostemadissectoidesW.T.Wang)在親緣關(guān)系方面相近，與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的莖較低矮，高約20 cm，被糙硬毛，近頂端被短硬毛，葉的鐘乳體較大，長達(dá)0.3(～0.4) mm，托葉較大，長4.5～10 mm，密被短硬毛，雄頭狀花序單生植株基部，其總苞苞片6枚，扁三角形或橫長方形，近無毛或被短柔毛。在擬盤托樓梯草，莖較高(高1 m)，無毛，葉的鐘乳體較小，長0.1～0.2 mm，托葉較小，長3 mm，無毛，雄頭狀花序單生葉腋，其總苞苞片在20枚以上，全部呈寬卵形，兩面無毛[1]。

黃果樓梯草 圖4:F-I

ElatostemaxanthocarpumW.T.Wang,sp.nov.Fig.4:F-I

(Sect.Elatostemaser.MalipoensiaW.T.Wang & Zeng Y.Wu)

Species nova haec est affinisE.malipoensiW.T.Wang & Zeng Y.Wu,quod caulibus prope nodos puberulis simplicibus,foliis oblongis apice cuspidatis margine denticulatis,nervis lateralibus 5-7-jugis,capituli pistillati receptaculo puberulo,involucro pistillato ex bracteis pluribus ca.75 constante differt.

Perennial herb.Stem ca.35 cm tall,at base ca.3 mm across,glabrous,below 1-branched.Leaves alternate,shortly petiolate; blades papery,obliquely elliptic,(2-)4-12.6×(1-)2.6-4.5 cm,apex acuminate,base obliquely cuneate,margin dentate; surfaces adaxially sparsely strigillose and sparsely appressed-pubescent,abaxially densely puberulous; nervation penninerved,with ca.4 pairs of lateral nerves; cystoliths dense,bacilliform,0.1-0.3 mm long; petioles 1-2 mm long,glabrous; stipules lanceolate-linear,1.8-2.2×0.25 mm,densely puberulous.Staminate capitula not seen.Fruiting pistillate capitula singly axillary,shortly pedunculate; peduncle 1-4 mm long,glabrous; receptacle broadly rectangular,7-16×5-10 mm,glabrous,with radiate nerves; bracts ca.30,depressed-deltoid,0.5×0.5-1 mm,ciliate,apex 1-corniculate,tail-like projections 1-2 mm long,glabrous; bracteoles numerous,dense,white,semi-hyaline,spathulate or obovate-linear,0.8-1.2×0.2-0.4 mm,above densely ciliate.Achenes yellowish,ovoid,ca.0.8×0.35 mm,multi- tuberulate.

廣西(Guangxi)：馬山縣，古零鄉(xiāng)，弄拉自然保護(hù)區(qū)(Mashan Xian,Guling Xiang,Nongla nature reserve),alt.150 m，石灰?guī)r山(in limestone hill)，草本高0.4 m(herbs 0.4 m tall)，2008-08-23，中植聯(lián)廣西隊(duì)(Guangxi Exped.Inst.Bot.) 3477(holotype,PE).

本種在親緣關(guān)系上與麻栗坡樓梯草(ElatostemamalipoenseW.T.Wang & Zeng.Y.Wu)相近，與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的莖無毛，具分枝，葉橢圓形，在頂端漸尖，邊緣具牙齒，側(cè)脈約4對，雌花序托無毛，雌總苞由較少的約30枚苞片組成。在麻栗坡樓梯草，莖在近節(jié)處被短柔毛，不分枝，葉呈長圓形，在頂端驟尖，邊緣具小牙齒，側(cè)脈5～7對，雌花序托被短柔毛，雌總苞片由較多的約75枚苞片組成[1]。

致謝深切感謝孫英寶先生為本文繪圖。

1.王文采.中國樓梯草屬植物[M].青島:青島出版社,2014.

EightNewSpeciesofElatostema(Urticaceae)fromGuangxi

WANG Wen-Tsai

(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Scienses,Beijing 100093)

Eight species of the genusElatostema(Urticaceae),E.oliganthum,E.longanense,E.crassipenicillum,E.luochengense,E.strigosicaule,E.triseriato-bracteatum,E.basicapitatumandE.xanthocarpum, are described as new from Guangxi autonomous region. The diagnostic differences between them and their allies are given respectively.

Urticaceae;Elatostema;new species;Guangxi

王文采(1926—)，男，研究員，中國科學(xué)院院士，從事有花植物分類學(xué)研究。

2015-06-09

S58

A

10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2016.03.002