聶 偉,王小毅,邱 干,蔣 勇,倪貴生
(1.武警重慶總隊(duì)醫(yī)院甲乳血管外科 400061;2.重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第一院普外科 400016)
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ABCG2過表達(dá)對(duì)乳腺癌細(xì)胞上皮間質(zhì)化能力的影響
聶偉1,王小毅2△,邱干1,蔣勇1,倪貴生1
(1.武警重慶總隊(duì)醫(yī)院甲乳血管外科 400061;2.重慶醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第一院普外科 400016)
目的探討三磷酸腺苷結(jié)合轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白G超家族成員2(ABCG2)過表達(dá)對(duì)乳腺癌細(xì)胞上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化(EMT)能力的影響。方法構(gòu)建ABCG2穩(wěn)定過表達(dá)乳腺癌細(xì)胞株,檢測(cè)ABCG2穩(wěn)定過表達(dá)前后MCF-7乳腺癌細(xì)胞中E-cadherin蛋白和N-cadherin蛋白的表達(dá)情況。結(jié)果E-cadherin蛋白表達(dá)在ABCG2過表達(dá)MCF-7乳腺癌細(xì)胞中明顯低于常規(guī)MCF-7細(xì)胞(P<0.05),而N-cadherin蛋白表達(dá)在ABCG2過表達(dá)MCF-7乳腺癌細(xì)胞中明顯高于常規(guī)MCF-7細(xì)胞(P<0.05)。結(jié)論ABCG2過表達(dá)可以通過調(diào)控EMT相關(guān)蛋白的表達(dá)進(jìn)而增強(qiáng)乳腺癌細(xì)胞的EMT能力,可能與乳腺癌的轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關(guān)。
乳腺腫瘤;腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移;上皮間質(zhì)化;三磷酸腺苷結(jié)合轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白G超家族成員2
遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移是乳腺癌終末期的主要表現(xiàn),并且是導(dǎo)致乳腺癌患者死亡的主要原因[1-2]。雖然預(yù)防遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移在乳腺癌治療中的意義重大,但是乳腺癌遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的機(jī)制尚不明確。近期許多研究發(fā)現(xiàn),腫瘤細(xì)胞上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)在乳腺癌的轉(zhuǎn)移過程中起重要作用[3]。三磷酸腺苷結(jié)合轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白G超家族成員2(adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette superfamily G member 2,ABCG2)是被廣泛證實(shí)與乳腺癌轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關(guān)的細(xì)胞因子[4],并有實(shí)驗(yàn)指出ABCG2與EMT關(guān)系密切[5],所以假設(shè)ABCG2可以通過誘發(fā)EMT而誘發(fā)乳腺癌轉(zhuǎn)移。本實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)ABCG2過表達(dá)乳腺癌細(xì)胞中EMT相關(guān)蛋白的表達(dá)情況,進(jìn)而探討ABCG2與EMT的相關(guān)性及其是否可以通過誘發(fā)EMT而誘發(fā)乳腺癌轉(zhuǎn)移。
1.1主要試劑和細(xì)胞慢病毒載體及相關(guān)試劑由上海生工提供。人乳腺癌細(xì)胞株MCF-7購(gòu)自中科院上海細(xì)胞所。MCF-7用含10%胎牛血清的RPMI1640培養(yǎng)(PAA公司)。PCR相關(guān)試劑購(gòu)自Takara公司;引物合成與測(cè)序(上海生工);ABCG2抗體、E-cadherin抗體和N-cadherin抗體(Santa Cruz公司);GAPDH(中杉金橋)。
1.2方法
1.2.1慢病毒載體構(gòu)建包裝根據(jù)GenBank中ABCG2(NC_0000014.12)的序列,設(shè)計(jì)引物KL-ABCG2-F:5′-GAG GAT CCC CGG GTA CCG GTC CCA CCA TGT CTT CCA GTA ATG TCG AAG-3′,KL-ABCG2-R:5′-TCA CCA TGG TGG CGA CCG GAG AAT ATT TTT TAA GAA ATA ACA-3′。慢病毒載體構(gòu)建及包裝由上海生工完成。
1.2.2細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染正常對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)細(xì)胞于6孔板中培育。將慢病毒混合液按感染指數(shù)10∶1加入細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)液中培養(yǎng)6~8 h后用磷酸鹽緩沖液(PBS)沖洗,再加入培養(yǎng)基繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)48 h,以免疫熒光顯微鏡觀察轉(zhuǎn)染效果。
1.2.3蛋白免疫印跡法(Western blot)檢測(cè)收集試驗(yàn)細(xì)胞提取總蛋白。蛋白裂解液凝膠電泳后行PVDF轉(zhuǎn)膜,用5% BSA封閉1 h加一抗(1∶1 000)孵育過夜,次日用二抗孵育后行ECL顯色曝光。
1.2.4逆轉(zhuǎn)錄PCR(RT-PCR)檢測(cè)PCR引物E-cadherin(141 bp):5′-AAA CCT TGC CTT CTT TGT C-3′,5′-TTC CCA ACT CCT CTC CTG-3′。β-actin(300 bp):5′-ACT GGT CTC AAG TCA GTG TAC AGG-3′,5′-ACA GGA AGT CCC TTG CCA TC-3′。N-cadherin(454 bp):5′-CAG AAA ACT AAT TCC AAT CTG AAA-3′,5′-GCC ACC ATA TGA CTC CCT CTT AGT-3′。收取細(xì)胞放入離心管,加入Tripure Reagent裂解細(xì)胞。裂解液倒入離心管,分次加入氯仿、異丙醇、無水乙醇和75%DEPC乙醇,劇烈振蕩混勻后高速離心。倒掉上清液,取適量RNA樣品進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增(按PCR操作說明書進(jìn)行)。然后進(jìn)行凝膠電泳;電泳結(jié)束攝取電泳圖。計(jì)算不同條帶的灰度值,與內(nèi)參灰度值進(jìn)行對(duì)比,獲得灰度比值。
2.1ABCG2過表達(dá)乳腺癌細(xì)胞株的鑒定慢病毒轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后行免疫熒光觀察,ABCG2過表達(dá)的MCF-7細(xì)胞呈綠色熒光(圖1A、B)。ABCG2過表達(dá)MCF-7乳腺癌細(xì)胞株中ABCG2蛋白含量(0.821±0.061)明顯高于常規(guī)MCF-7乳腺癌細(xì)胞中ABCG2蛋白含量(0.021±0.006,P<0.05)。見圖1C。
A、B:MCF-7細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染后的免疫熒光觀察(A:可見光,B:熒光觀察,×200);C:Western blot檢測(cè)ABCG2蛋白表達(dá)。
圖1ABCG2在MCF-7乳腺癌細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)
2.2ABCG2過表達(dá)和常規(guī)MCF-7乳腺癌細(xì)胞E-cadherin和N-cadherin mRNA表達(dá)情況構(gòu)建ABCG2過表達(dá)的MCF-7乳腺癌細(xì)胞株后,以常規(guī)MCF-7乳腺癌細(xì)胞作為對(duì)照組。用RT-PCR檢測(cè)不同組中E-cadherin和N-cadherin的mRNA表達(dá)情況。結(jié)果顯示:ABCG2過表達(dá)的MCF-7乳腺癌細(xì)胞E-cadherin的mRNA表達(dá)(0.321±0.004)明顯低于常規(guī)MCF-7乳腺癌細(xì)胞(0.814±0.009,P<0.05),見圖2A;ABCG2過表達(dá)的MCF-7乳腺癌細(xì)胞N-cadherin的mRNA表達(dá)(1.007±0.089)明顯高于常規(guī)MCF-7乳腺癌細(xì)胞(0.265±0.007,P<0.05),見圖2B。
A:E-cadherin mRNA的檢測(cè);B:N-cadherin mRNA的檢測(cè);1和2為常規(guī)MCF-7乳腺癌細(xì)胞,3和4為轉(zhuǎn)染后MCF-7乳腺癌細(xì)胞。
圖2ABCG2過表達(dá)和常規(guī)MCF-7乳腺癌細(xì)胞中E-cadherin和N-cadherin mRNA表達(dá)情況
N:常規(guī)細(xì)胞,T:轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞。
圖3ABCG2過表達(dá)前后E-cadherin和N-cadherin蛋白在MCF-7乳腺癌細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)情況
2.3ABCG2過表達(dá)和常規(guī)MCF-7乳腺癌細(xì)胞E-cadherin和N-cadherin蛋白表達(dá)情況構(gòu)建ABCG2過表達(dá)的MCF-7乳腺癌細(xì)胞株后,以常規(guī)MCF-7乳腺癌細(xì)胞作為對(duì)照組。然后采用Western blot技術(shù)檢測(cè)不同組中E-cadherin和N-cadherin的蛋白表達(dá)情況。結(jié)果顯示:ABCG2過表達(dá)的MCF-7乳腺癌細(xì)胞N-cadherin的蛋白表達(dá)(0.356±0.007)明顯高于常規(guī)MCF-7乳腺癌細(xì)胞(0.117±0.003,P<0.05),見圖3;ABCG2過表達(dá)的MCF-7乳腺癌細(xì)胞E-cadherin的蛋白表達(dá)(0.311±0.007)明顯低于常規(guī)MCF-7乳腺癌細(xì)胞(0.956±0.017,P<0.05),見圖3。
轉(zhuǎn)移是惡性腫瘤主要的特征性臨床表現(xiàn)之一,并且是導(dǎo)致腫瘤患者死亡的主要原因[6]。導(dǎo)致惡性腫瘤發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移的機(jī)制尚不十分明確,但近期許多研究證實(shí)EMT在腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移過程中發(fā)揮著極其重要的作用[3]。ABCG2是于1998年發(fā)現(xiàn)的與乳腺癌耐藥密切相關(guān)的跨膜轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白[7]。近期許多研究證實(shí)ABCG2與乳腺癌腫瘤干細(xì)胞的關(guān)系密切,而腫瘤干細(xì)胞與EMT及腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移關(guān)系密切[8-9]。因此,推斷ABCG2可能可以促進(jìn)乳癌細(xì)胞發(fā)生EMT,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移。EMT是多因子參與的復(fù)雜的分子生物學(xué)過程,其主要表現(xiàn)為上皮細(xì)胞發(fā)生間皮細(xì)胞樣改變,參與EMT過程的因子主要包括上皮特異性因子和間質(zhì)特異性因子[10-12]。E-cadherin是上皮細(xì)胞的一種主要功能蛋白,是最常見的上皮特異性因子之一,其作用主要是維持上皮細(xì)胞間的黏附能力;E-cadherin的缺失可以使細(xì)胞間的相互黏附能力下降,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致腫瘤細(xì)胞獲得更強(qiáng)大的活動(dòng)和侵襲能力,促進(jìn)腫瘤的浸潤(rùn)和轉(zhuǎn)移[13]。N-cadherin主要表達(dá)于間質(zhì)細(xì)胞,是間質(zhì)細(xì)胞的特征性蛋白之一;上皮細(xì)胞中出現(xiàn)N-cadherin的高表達(dá)證實(shí)上皮細(xì)胞已經(jīng)獲得了間質(zhì)細(xì)胞的特性,獲得了更強(qiáng)大的活動(dòng)和侵襲能力,容易發(fā)生浸潤(rùn)和轉(zhuǎn)移[14]。因此,本文選擇E-cadherin和N-cadherin作為檢測(cè)腫瘤細(xì)胞發(fā)生EMT的指標(biāo),擬探討ABCG2蛋白是否可以通過促進(jìn)EMT進(jìn)而促進(jìn)乳腺癌轉(zhuǎn)移。
綜上所述,通過慢病毒轉(zhuǎn)染成功建立ABCG2過表達(dá)乳腺癌細(xì)胞,并且ABCG2過表達(dá)可以明顯降低乳腺癌細(xì)胞中E-cadherin蛋白的表達(dá)(P<0.05),同時(shí)ABCG2過表達(dá)可以明顯升高乳腺癌細(xì)胞中N-cadherin蛋白的表達(dá)(P<0.05)。證實(shí)ABCG2過表達(dá)可以促進(jìn)乳腺癌細(xì)胞發(fā)生EMT,進(jìn)而促進(jìn)腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移,但具體機(jī)制尚不明確。許多研究證實(shí)ABCG2可以通過多種信號(hào)通路參與腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移,如Notch信號(hào)通路,Hedgehog信號(hào)通路,PI3K-AKT信號(hào)通路等[15-17],但其具體作用機(jī)制尚待進(jìn)一步研究。
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Influence of ABCG2 overexpression on epithelial-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cell
Nei Wei1,Wang Xiaoyi2△,Qiu Gan1,Jiang Yong1,Ni Guisheng1
(1.DepartmentofThyroidMammaryandCardiovascularSurgery,ChongqingMunicipalCorpsHospital,Chongqing400061,China;2.DepartmentofGeneralSurgery,theFirstAffiliatedHospitalofChongqingMedicalUniversity,Chongqing400016,China)
ObjectiveTo observe the influence on EMT of breast cancer cell caused by ABCG2 overexpression and to approach the mechanism about how ABCG2 to affect metastasis of breast cancer.MethodsStable ABCG2 overexpression breast cancer cell line was constructed.Western-blot was used for detection of expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin before and after transfection to approach the mechanism.ResultsExpression of E-cadherin in ABCG2 overexpression MCF-7 breast cancer cell was much lower than normal MCF-7 breast cancer cell (P<0.05).Expression of N-cadherin in ABCG2 overexpression MCF-7 breast cancer cell was much higher than normal MCF-7 breast cancer cell (P<0.05).ConclusionOverexpression of ABCG2 increases the expressions of EMT associated proteins of breast cancer cell so as to promote the EMT of breast cancer cell.ABCG2 might play an important role in promoting the metastasis of breast cancer.
breast neoplasms;neoplasm metastasis;EMT;ABCG2
聶偉(1968-),副主任醫(yī)師,碩士,主要從事甲狀腺乳腺和血管外科疾病的研究 ?!?/p>
,E-mail:wxytsf@163.com。
論著·基礎(chǔ)研究doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2016.26.007
R737.9
A
1671-8348(2016)26-3622-02
2016-02-12
2016-04-06)