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      探尋“生長”的課堂

      2016-10-29 12:19:56宮文勝
      江蘇教育 2016年15期
      關(guān)鍵詞:預(yù)設(shè)板書夢(mèng)想

      宮文勝

      【設(shè)計(jì)理念】

      譯林新版《英語》六下Unit 8 Our Dreams(story time)是一堂以夢(mèng)想為主題的課,Miss Li和她的學(xué)生們以對(duì)話的方式講述了各自的夢(mèng)想職業(yè)和緣由。故事中透露出師生們的美好愿景和仁愛之心。

      從提升學(xué)生綜合語用能力的角度看,本節(jié)課的目標(biāo)語為What do you want to be...? I want to be...以及有關(guān)職業(yè)的詞語:astronaut,dancer,pianist, football player等。通過指導(dǎo)學(xué)生朗讀、理解故事以及引導(dǎo)學(xué)生談?wù)撟陨淼膲?mèng)想,便可輕松實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)。然而,在促進(jìn)學(xué)生習(xí)得和使用目標(biāo)語的同時(shí),如何進(jìn)行高級(jí)思維的訓(xùn)練、人文性的滲透、價(jià)值觀的引領(lǐng)以及學(xué)習(xí)策略的指導(dǎo)呢?帶著這些問題,筆者進(jìn)行了以下思考與設(shè)計(jì)。

      1.關(guān)注學(xué)生的思維品質(zhì),尤其是高級(jí)思維。

      在本節(jié)課中,Get to know環(huán)節(jié),要求學(xué)生猜測(cè)教師的描述中哪一條不是真的;Lets discuss環(huán)節(jié),討論為實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想,應(yīng)該做些什么?這兩個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)都旨在訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的分析力(即:思維金字塔第四層analyzing); Read and say環(huán)節(jié),讓學(xué)生說說為什么Miss Li的夢(mèng)想是希望學(xué)生的夢(mèng)想成真,旨在促進(jìn)學(xué)生語言運(yùn)用能力的提升(即:思維金字塔第三層applying); Lets retell環(huán)節(jié),復(fù)述人物的夢(mèng)想并談?wù)勛约旱目捶?,不僅僅涉及學(xué)生的記憶和理解(即:思維金字塔第一層remembering和第二層understanding),而且指向?qū)W生的評(píng)價(jià)能力(即:思維金字塔第五層evaluating)。

      2.關(guān)注人文性的滲透,價(jià)值觀的引領(lǐng)。

      在教學(xué)互動(dòng)中,筆者通過相機(jī)提煉并板書have a dream/follow the dream/build your dream,展示莫言、喬布斯、奧巴馬等人物的案例,朗誦dream的小詩以及推薦追逐夢(mèng)想的繪本和電影,旨在促進(jìn)學(xué)生對(duì)擁有夢(mèng)想、追逐夢(mèng)想和實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的理解和感悟。

      3.關(guān)注學(xué)習(xí)策略的指導(dǎo)。

      這是一節(jié)閱讀課,閱讀教學(xué)當(dāng)然要有閱讀技能、策略的滲透。筆者的做法是,通過改變閱讀模式,聚焦和放大閱讀思維的過程,從而促進(jìn)閱讀策略的有效滲透。例如:根據(jù)答句猜測(cè)問句,根據(jù)上句猜測(cè)下句,根據(jù)詞形、上下文釋詞等等。

      4.以師生互動(dòng)的方式建構(gòu)故事。

      本課,教師并不是一開始就給學(xué)生提供完整的教材,而是逐步提供,從開始的聽錄音選出夢(mèng)想職業(yè),到快速閱讀,完成人與夢(mèng)想職業(yè)的圖文配對(duì),再到細(xì)讀選句子,補(bǔ)充夢(mèng)想理由,最后到探討如何才能實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想,在一系列的師生互動(dòng)中,實(shí)現(xiàn)由部分圖文建構(gòu)成完整故事,同時(shí)進(jìn)行了拓展,豐富了故事內(nèi)容。

      【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】

      1.了解故事中人物的夢(mèng)想職業(yè)和緣由,能夠熟練地朗讀故事,部分學(xué)生能夠復(fù)述故事。

      2.懂得人生要擁有夢(mèng)想、追尋夢(mèng)想以及實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的道理。

      3.有效訓(xùn)練運(yùn)用、分析、評(píng)價(jià)等高階思維能力。

      4.掌握“根據(jù)答句猜測(cè)問句”“根據(jù)上句猜測(cè)下句”以及“根據(jù)詞形和上下文釋詞”等閱讀策略。

      【教學(xué)活動(dòng)及意圖】

      Before-reading

      Step 1 Get to know

      T: Heres something about me. One, Im a writer. Two, I was a football player. Three, I want to be a boss in the future. Four, I want to have a second child. But theres one which is not true. Guess!

      【此環(huán)節(jié)不僅能極大地激發(fā)學(xué)生的好奇心、活躍課堂氛圍,快速地拉近師生距離,而且能訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的高級(jí)思維(analyzing),感知本節(jié)課的目標(biāo)語。】

      Step 2 Act, guess and learn

      T: Actually, I want to be an actor, because I like acting. Now, I act, you guess.(借助動(dòng)作表演,教師相機(jī)教授和板書單詞astronaut,pianist)

      T: Can I be an actor?Ok!I know I dont have the gift. But this is my dream. I have a dream. (教師相機(jī)板書:Have a dream)

      【借助動(dòng)作表演,教師能夠激發(fā)學(xué)生的舊知并呈現(xiàn)新知,營造極好的以夢(mèng)想職業(yè)為話題的語境。同時(shí),示弱(I dont have the gift.)和板書(Have a dream),能夠?qū)W(xué)生的價(jià)值取向和人生觀產(chǎn)生積極的影響?!?/p>

      Step 3 Lets talk

      T: I want to be an actor. What do you want to be? (教師先和一個(gè)學(xué)生進(jìn)行對(duì)話示范,然后組織小組討論,并請(qǐng)一位學(xué)生匯報(bào)一組人的夢(mèng)想職業(yè)。)

      Step 4 Lets guess!

      T: Look at the picture.(呈現(xiàn)文本中的師生圖)What are their dreams? Can you guess? (猜測(cè)過程中,教師相機(jī)板書有關(guān)職業(yè)的單詞)

      【設(shè)置懸念,旨在引起學(xué)生對(duì)故事的好奇心,增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)欲望。同時(shí),激發(fā)學(xué)生的想象力?!?/p>

      While-reading

      Step 5 Listen and circle.

      T: You guess a lot. Lets listen and check.(先播放全文錄音,然后請(qǐng)學(xué)生匯報(bào)答案)

      Step 6 Read and match.

      T: What nice dreams! And, who wants to be a football player, who wants to be a dentist? Lets read and choose the pictures, you can write here.學(xué)生快速瀏覽經(jīng)過處理的文本(教材中的夢(mèng)想職業(yè)圖和部分文字被挖空),并為故事人物配上合適的職業(yè)圖,填序號(hào)。

      Step 7 Read and choose.

      T: Now we know their dreams. But why do they have the dreams?Lets read the pieces and stick them on the right place.學(xué)生仔細(xì)閱讀經(jīng)過處理的文本和九張被挖空文字的碎紙條(其中有一張是多余的,是教師精心安排的干擾項(xiàng)),并將相應(yīng)的碎紙條貼到文本的挖空處,補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。

      T: Now work in pairs for three minutes, and then well check.(在核對(duì)答案的過程中,相機(jī)板書表達(dá)夢(mèng)想職業(yè)緣由的關(guān)鍵詞組)

      【從聽錄音選出夢(mèng)想職業(yè),到快速閱讀,完成人物與夢(mèng)想職業(yè)的圖文配對(duì),再到細(xì)讀選句子,補(bǔ)充理由,筆者旨在突破以往由整體到細(xì)節(jié)的閱讀方式,嘗試實(shí)現(xiàn)由部分圖文建構(gòu)成完整故事的文本學(xué)習(xí)方式。通過分析經(jīng)過處理的文本中的gaps,極大地豐富了故事理解過程中趣味性和個(gè)性化體驗(yàn),有效地訓(xùn)練了學(xué)生的理解力和分析力。同時(shí),這也為閱讀策略的滲透做好了鋪墊?!?/p>

      預(yù)設(shè)1.

      T:Miss Li is asking the students about their dreams. Whats the question?

      S1: What do you want to be in the future, boys?

      T: How do you know?Why dont you choose this one “Where do you want to go in the future, boys?”

      S1: Because it says “I want to be a dentist”.

      T: Great!So we can guess the question according to the answer.

      預(yù)設(shè)2.

      T: Whats the next?

      S2: Many children dont care about their teeth. I want to help them.

      T: Why do you choose this one?

      S2: Because it says “I want to be a dentist”.

      T: Yes! We can also guess the following sentence from the last one.

      預(yù)設(shè)3

      T:What does “spaceship” mean? Here are two choices: A. ship on water; B. ship in space.

      S3: I think Its B.

      T: Why?

      S3: Because it says “fly...moon”.

      T: Good point. You can guess the meaning of the new word from the context. Is there another way?

      S4: Because it says “spaceship”, not “watership”.

      T: Very smart. We can also guess the meaning of new word from word form.

      預(yù)設(shè)4

      T: What does “world cup” mean?

      S5: 世界杯

      T: Can you explain it in English?Is it a cup?

      S6: No. Its a match.

      T: A basketball match?

      S6: No. Its a football match.

      T: Big one or small one?

      S6: Very big one.

      T: Now tell me what “world cup” means in English.

      S6: Its a very big football match.

      T: Good!We should try to explain the new word in English. Its good for our English thinking.

      Step 8 Read and say

      T: Now we know childrens dreams. Whats Miss Lis dream?

      S7: She wants to see childrens dreams come true.

      【筆者以上的四個(gè)預(yù)設(shè),旨在促進(jìn)根據(jù)答句猜測(cè)問句(預(yù)設(shè)1)、根據(jù)上句猜測(cè)下句(預(yù)設(shè)2)、根據(jù)上下文及詞形釋詞(預(yù)設(shè)3)以及用英語解釋生詞(預(yù)設(shè)4)等閱讀策略的有效滲透?!?/p>

      T: What do you think of Miss Li?

      S7: She loves her students.

      T: Look!You teacher is here. Im sure she has the same dream. Can you say something to her?

      S8:You care about me, just like my mother. I love you.

      【引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析Miss Li的夢(mèng)想緣由和表達(dá)對(duì)老師的謝意,不僅能有效訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的高級(jí)思維(evaluating)、提升他們的綜合語用能力,而且能激發(fā)學(xué)生的感恩之心。】

      Post-reading

      Step 9 Lets discuss!

      T: To make dreams come true, people should do something to follow the dreams.(教師相機(jī)板書:Follow your dream) What should they do? For example...

      S9: Liu Tao wants to be a football player. To make the dream come true, I think Liu Tao should play football a lot, go running every day and do more exercises.

      【引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析和表達(dá)為實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想,故事人物需要做些什么?不僅有助于促進(jìn)學(xué)生對(duì)文本內(nèi)容的深入理解,而且能有效地訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的高級(jí)思維(analyzing),提升學(xué)生的綜合語用能力。】

      Step 10 Lets read!

      T: Listen and imitate carefully, pay attention to the pronunciation and intonation.

      T: Try to read by yourself.

      Step 11 Lets retell!

      T: Look at the blackboard-writing, you can choose one to retell. You can also talk about your ideas.

      S10:Yang Ling wants to be a pianist. I think the dream is great, because music makes people happy. To make the dream come true, she should play the piano every day and have some piano lessons. I want to be a pianist too, because I like music and Im good at it.

      T: What will you do?

      S10: I will practice every day. Maybe I will learn from a pianist and I will take good care of my hands.

      T: My girl, its not easy to be a pianist. You will suffer a lot. But never give up. You should do your best and learn to be strong. Then you can build your dream. (教師板書:Build your dream)

      【與傳統(tǒng)retell不同的是,學(xué)生不僅需要根據(jù)板書復(fù)述故事人物的夢(mèng)想職業(yè)及緣由,還需要陳述對(duì)人物夢(mèng)想的個(gè)性化的建議和看法,以及表明自己的夢(mèng)想職業(yè)和緣由。經(jīng)過優(yōu)化的retell環(huán)節(jié),有效突破了remembering、understanding等低級(jí)思維的禁錮,極大地融入了applying、analyzing、evaluating等高級(jí)思維的訓(xùn)練?!?/p>

      Step 12 Lets share!

      T: Look! Here are some examples, let me show you?。úシ臫F boys、郎朗、莫言、愛因斯坦、喬布斯等名人擁有夢(mèng)想到實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的圖片)

      T: The three boys wants to be pop stars. Now they are TF boys. The young boy wants to be prince of piano, the dream comes true. The little kid wants to make life better. Finally, he did it. He is Jobs.

      T: So, Boys and girls. Have a dream , your life will be lit up as it comes; follow your dream, although its as hard as it seems; then you can build your dream. (逐句呈現(xiàn)小詩Dream)

      T: I wish all of you can have a dream, follow your dream and then build your dream.

      【名人的成功例子、小詩以及板書鏈(have a dream、follow the dream、build your dream),旨在讓學(xué)生深刻地感悟擁有、追尋以及實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的意義,從而幫助學(xué)生形成關(guān)于夢(mèng)想的正確的價(jià)值取向。】

      (作者單位:南京市江寧實(shí)驗(yàn)小學(xué))

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