• <tr id="yyy80"></tr>
  • <sup id="yyy80"></sup>
  • <tfoot id="yyy80"><noscript id="yyy80"></noscript></tfoot>
  • 99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

    Communication error prevention model in industrial organization*

    2016-10-19 05:32:06SHIGuirong
    關(guān)鍵詞:劉潔泰州責(zé)任編輯

    SHI Gui-rong

    (College of Interhuman Symbiotic Studies,Kanto Gakuin University,Yokohama,Japan)

    ?

    Communication error prevention model in industrial organization*

    SHI Gui-rong

    (CollegeofInterhumanSymbioticStudies,KantoGakuinUniversity,Yokohama,Japan)

    In this study,the communication error generation mechanism was analyzed from the view of human’s psychological trait and organizational behavior,based on the basic process of communication,and the individual factors and organizational factors which cause communication errors were examined.Communication error doesn’t just say that there was just a slip in transport of information (misinformation),the behavior which information wasn’t conveyed or which couldn’t be transported is also included (non-information).To prevent communication error,it’s necessary to consider from the individual personal level and the organizational level based on a process of communication.The model to prevent communication error in the industrial organization was tried to propose by this consideration.In recent years,the trouble and accident by nonverbal communication which doesn’t depend on language often generate at a work site.It should be considered as future’s problem how to prevent such communication error,based on the environment of the work site and the situation.

    industrial organization; organizational climate;communication error;prevention model

    0 Introduction

    In order to advance work safely and efficiently at a workplace,it is necessary that sharing the target and policy,and grasping and recognizing the common situation,sharing the necessary information,handing down the skill,clarifying allotment of roles,making leadership function and mutual understanding of coworkers.The main means to secure these is communication.Communication is frequently performed between superior-subordinate,coworker-coworker,and section-section in organization.Therefore,communication not only has the role of sending information,but also influence on fermenting work climate.

    The purpose of communication is to share information on the same meaning between the side of sending information and the side of receiving information.Ideally,sharing of information between the two persons has to be identical perfectly,but realistically,the distortion (error) often occurs in communicating information by various factors.The error which occurs to such communication process is called “communication error”.The information to execute work isn’t often exchanged right in the various organizations.For example,the nursing accident by an information communication error occurs frequently at the medical site.The direct factors are often pointed out as the mistake of doctor’s direction,or taken by mistake about name and quantity of medicine,or the mistake of dripping speed at drip transfusion.The accidents caused by leakage of information,communication of wrong information,interpretation of information and/or abbreviation of communication have often happened in the industry organizations (etc.,nuclear power generation,iron manufacturing,architecture and chemical factory).Because much loss is often caused by those,in the industrial organization at present,the various matches to prevent communication error are accomplished.

    It becomes clear that human factors participate in more accidents and troubles which occurred in the various organizations.It is often pointed out that how prevent the communication error called a king of human error effectively is the very important task.Even though various ways are used to prevent communication error at industrial sites,it’s the current state that a sign of improvement isn’t seen so much.In this study,the effect factors which cause communication error are analyzed from view of the psychological traits of human and the organization behavior,based on a basic process of communication.And furthermore,a generation mechanism of communication error is considered and prevention model that can carry out by an individual and organization is proposed.

    1 Generation mechanism of communication error

    1.1Basic process of communication

    There are four basic elements of communication,the sender who sends information,the medium to transport information,the contents of message,and the receiver who receive information.A process of communication is indicated by Fig.1.This process is devised communication model to improve the efficiency of the information and communication,not a model of interpersonal communication.In this model,it can be thought that the source of information is sender,the transmitter and receiving set are regarded as human brain,the channel is media (medium),the destination is receiver,and transmittal signal is symbol.The sound’s message is sent to a transmitter.That’s changed to transmit signal and sent as a received signal at the partner through a channel,and the message which is sound by a receiver is restored and handed down to a recipient.When passing a channel,there are various noise sources (influential element),and the distortion of the communication occurs.The process which changes a message for transmit signal is called symbolization (encoding) and the process which takes a message out from a received signal conversely is called decipherment of a symbol (decoding).Generally,this process c is often used when human change the symbol that floats in the mind to language,or when pointing the meaning out from a symbol of language conversely.3 levels of the problem in communication are argued:

    Fig.1 A transmission model of communication[1]

    1) the technical problem:which degree and correctness can a message be communicated to?

    2) the semantic problem:which degree and correctness can the meaning be conveyed?

    3) the problem of effectiveness:which degree influences behavior effectively for the meaning that it has been received? It should be analyzed in such basic process about the fundamental factor which causes communication error.

    1.2Occurrence of communication distortion

    When some information was communicated between the sender and the receiver as it was above-mentioned,communication wasn’t formed with that.The purpose of communication is that a sender makes a receiver understand his intention and share it.When a receiver didn’t understand the contents a sender intended right,it won’t be said that communication was formed.Fig.2.showed the generation process of the distortion of information communication.

    Fig.2 Generation process of communication distortion

    Usually,when a speaker hands a message down to a listener,he talk about which he would like to speak in the mind one after another while remembering the matter.When the matter is converted to language,only about 75% of the remembered contents are converted to language in fixed time.But it’s misunderstood that the speaker could speak about everything of a remembered matter because this behavior had happened at the same time.

    On the other hand,the listener handle information processing based on his knowledge about the contents which being spoken.It would better if the listener’s knowledge structure will resemble the speaker.When being different in this,it’s pointed that about at most 25% of distortion occurs.Therefore,only a little more than 50% of the speaker’s intention (75% x 75% = 56%) will be transported to the listener as a result,and it’s that communication error generates well just as it is.Then,what kind of errors is there specifically for communication error,and do what kind of factors influence it?

    2 Consideration of a communication error prevention model

    2.1Understanding about communication error

    It’s indispensable to understand a communication error correctly to the meaning to prevent a communication error effectively.The feature of the behavior which causes the communication error is as follows by an analysis of the cause of the various accidents and troubles.a) Only information on a part is being told.b) Wrong information was told.c) Information was interpreted by mistake.d) Some important information isn’t being conveyed.e) The information isn’t confirmed.f) It’s difficult to transport information and check it.In other words,communication error doesn’t just say that there was just a slip in transport of information (misinformation),the behavior which information wasn’t conveyed or which couldn’t be transported is also included(Fig.3.).This understanding is needed.The former misinformation is generally recognized well at the workplace site,but the transmission what not to be acted or what can’t be acted is kept in the process of work,so they aren’t often conscious.It can be thought an insufficient prevention countermeasure may be taken.Therefore,in order to prevent communication error,the prevention of misinformation need scarcely be said,even though it’s difficult to take measures from the transmission what not to be acted or what can’t be acted,it isn’t supposed to be ignored.

    Fig.3 Understanding about communication error

    2.2Influential factors of communication error

    2.2.1Individual factors

    In order to convey and share the information correctly,communication skill,knowledge and experience of both of a mailer and a recipient are recognized as the important factors.The reasons of the misinformation which is one of communication errors are considered as follows.Too much or lack of information:When a great deal of volume of information including unrelated information is told too much,the receiver can’t dispose of that easily,and it’s also able to happen that important information can’t be picked out.On the other hand,that a sender sends the volume of information which isn’t enough,the receiver can’t judge or pass a wrong judgment only by that information.Hearing only the information who would like to hear:Sometimes the recipient receives information from the partner selectively.When hearing person’s talk,he will pay attention to the content where he have an interest and hear,and ignore the other information.The number of the information link:When an information process becomes complicated,the meaning’s change in communication often occurs by the various factors.Timing:The whisper at the meeting,operational busyness,external noise,indifference and the keeping quiet person also disturbs the communication attitude of the transmitter and the recipient.

    In the view of human’s trait,it is considered that the information processing of human is the process which makes the efficiency give priority,not logical.People uses only certain information,not to deal with all information to which it was given and judges based on the empirical sense.Processing of information is also handling information efficiently by deciding a conclusion first by a schema and advancing processing which matches the conclusion (top-down processing).The misinformation is easy to be caused by this trait.

    2.2.2Organizational factors

    The direct factors (individual factors) which have an influence on communication are generally noticed,but many background factors (organizational factors) which cause communication error finally are slighted and the correspondence is often also neglected.The reasons of the non-information which is the other one of communication errors are considered as follows.

    The difference of status: The expansion of the hierarchy standard in the organization structure or the difference of status is the biggest influence factor in the obstacle of communication in organization.It often cause that the necessary information isn’t conveyed in the communication of superior-subordinate.For example,when handing some information down to the next person,the sender correct the inconvenient data for himself and hiding information,it is called as filtering information.It often happens in the bottom-up communication that good information is chosen and it’s poured into the superior and manager.Because bad information isn’t told,sometimes problem is solved too late.It is pointed out when the contents is bad information,it is not always conveyed appropriately[2-5].By division during the hierarchy in organization,the subordinate who is near the site has a possibility that aggressive proposal has a desirable influence on an organization outcome,because the superior touches the information which can’t be grasped by himself[6-7].

    System of education and training: At present,the big change is brought in the industrial organization at the side of the man,the equipment and the environment with advance of high technology.Technological handing,improvement of a skill,sharing of knowledge and improvement of the human relations are an important problem for the organization.To settle this problem,it’s necessary to establish various education and training system in the organization and carry out effectively,and it should be aimed that to bring the quality which can be utilized at an actual site up makes all the members have the basic condition to communicate at a place by the education and the training.But it has to avoid that the stultified education and training which often damage the willing of the members of organization.Organizational climate:Communication between the members or teams of the organization are necessary to execute work and achieve the goal.Therefore,it’s needed to make the society everyone can send any information aggressively.It was pointed out that there was the organization culture called as “silence safety” (the situation which can’t suggest and point out) in NASA as a background factor by an explosive accident of the American “Colombia” space airplane.As there are a lot of keeping quiet persons,communication in the organization is disturbed and the risk trouble and an accident generate becomes high from a lesson of much history more.When information is offered for organization beyond the rule,that can be said an aggressive behavior,because it’s a general principle in the organization about the communication that a subordinate offers information to a superior hierarchically.Such aggressive dissemination of information behavior is the example called organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)[8].It is indicated that the individual people of low organizational commitment has the tendency which doesn’t do organization citizenship behavior in the meta-analysis of Organ and Ryan (1995)[9].

    2.3A communication error prevention model

    The mechanism and the influential factor of communication error occurrence became clear by the above mentioned analysis.To prevent communication error,it’s necessary to consider from the personal level and the organizational level based on a process of communication.The model to prevent communication error in the industrial organization (Fig.4.) is tried to propose by this consideration.

    This model indicate that in order to prevent misinformation,the specialized knowledge (including knowledge of another occupation as well as knowledge related to own work),the transmission skill and the communication attitude of a sender and a receiver have to become the same level as much as possible.That’s achieved through education and training in organization.On the other hand,in order to prevent non-information,it’s needed to build the organizational climate that it’s easy to be done.In particular,managers have to show leadership so that the necessary information and improvement proposition can be shared.

    Fig.4 A communication error prevention model

    In recent years,the trouble and accident by nonverbal communication which doesn’t depend on language often generate at a work site.The occurrence rate of the mistake also becomes high,because communication of information by partner’s sign,expression and eyes is increasing by the operational situation.It should be considered as future’s problem how to prevent such communication error,based on the environment of the work site and the situation.

    References

    [1]Shannon C E,Warren W.A mathematical model of communication[M].Urbana,IL:University of Illinois Press,1949.

    [2]Rosen S,Tesser A.On reluctance to communicate undesirable information:the MUM effect[J].Sociometry,1970,33(3):253-263.

    [3]Conlee M,Tesser A.The effects of recipient desire to hear on news transmission[J].Sociometry,1973,36(4):538-599.

    [4]Tesser A,Rosen S,Waranch E.Communicator mood and the reluctance to transmit undesirable messages:the MUM effect[J].The Journal of Communication,1973,23(3):266-283.

    [5]Keil M,Im G, M?hring M.Reporting bad news on software projects:the effects of culturally constituted views of face-saving[J].Information Systems Journal,2007,17:59-87.

    [6]Wooldridge B,F(xiàn)loyd S.The strategy process,middle management involvement,and organizational performance[J].Strategic Management Journal,1990,11(3):231-241.

    [7]Podsakoff P,Aheaner M,MacKenzie S.Organizational citizenship behavior and the quantity and quality of work group performance[J].Journal of Applied Psychology,1997,82(2):262-270.

    [8]Podsakoff P,MacKenzie S,Paine J,et al.Organizational citizenship behavior:a critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research[J].Journal of Management,2000,26(3):513-563.

    [9]Organ D,Ryan K.A meta-analytic review of attitudinal and dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior[J].Personnel Psychology,1995,48(4):775-802.

    10.13800/j.cnki.xakjdxxb.2016.0519

    1672-9315(2016)05-0732-05

    2016-07-10責(zé)任編輯:劉潔

    SHI Gui-rong(1965-),男,江蘇泰州人,準(zhǔn)教授,E-mail:shiipara@kanto-gakuin.ac.jp

    猜你喜歡
    劉潔泰州責(zé)任編輯
    Taizhou Stinky Tofu泰州臭干
    Periodic electron oscillation in coupled two-dimensional lattices
    泰州行吟
    幸福水天堂——泰州
    來(lái)自姥姥的愛(ài)
    English Abstracts
    Competences for a culture of prevention*
    Mass transport in a thin layer of power-law fluid in an Eulerian coordinate system*
    English Abstracts
    English Abstracts
    韩国精品一区二区三区| 亚洲中文日韩欧美视频| 考比视频在线观看| 亚洲第一欧美日韩一区二区三区 | 亚洲国产欧美在线一区| 欧美精品一区二区免费开放| 成人黄色视频免费在线看| 国产成人av教育| 夫妻午夜视频| 亚洲一区中文字幕在线| 中文字幕制服av| 考比视频在线观看| 久久天躁狠狠躁夜夜2o2o| 极品人妻少妇av视频| 精品一区二区三区av网在线观看 | 9热在线视频观看99| 极品少妇高潮喷水抽搐| 国产av精品麻豆| 69精品国产乱码久久久| 亚洲国产精品一区三区| 欧美日韩黄片免| 日韩欧美一区视频在线观看| 亚洲国产精品一区二区三区在线| 国产精品秋霞免费鲁丝片| 亚洲国产精品一区三区| 妹子高潮喷水视频| 国产在线视频一区二区| tocl精华| 久久 成人 亚洲| 侵犯人妻中文字幕一二三四区| 日韩视频在线欧美| 高清黄色对白视频在线免费看| 少妇人妻久久综合中文| 又黄又粗又硬又大视频| 少妇精品久久久久久久| 国产福利在线免费观看视频| 大片电影免费在线观看免费| 国产精品久久久久久精品电影小说| 精品亚洲成a人片在线观看| 91成年电影在线观看| 一区在线观看完整版| 建设人人有责人人尽责人人享有的| 男人舔女人的私密视频| 人人妻人人澡人人爽人人夜夜| 制服诱惑二区| 久久国产亚洲av麻豆专区| 免费在线观看影片大全网站| 女人被躁到高潮嗷嗷叫费观| 激情视频va一区二区三区| 一本大道久久a久久精品| 丁香六月欧美| 成人国语在线视频| 亚洲人成电影观看| 亚洲久久久国产精品| 国产免费av片在线观看野外av| 老汉色∧v一级毛片| 两性午夜刺激爽爽歪歪视频在线观看 | 国产成人精品久久二区二区91| 亚洲九九香蕉| 交换朋友夫妻互换小说| 亚洲人成电影观看| 国产国语露脸激情在线看| 国产欧美日韩一区二区精品| 亚洲五月婷婷丁香| 美女高潮到喷水免费观看| 侵犯人妻中文字幕一二三四区| 麻豆乱淫一区二区| 国产高清视频在线播放一区 | 1024香蕉在线观看| 欧美97在线视频| 国产精品影院久久| 亚洲精品一卡2卡三卡4卡5卡 | 久久狼人影院| 欧美老熟妇乱子伦牲交| 日本av免费视频播放| 亚洲av电影在线观看一区二区三区| 亚洲专区国产一区二区| 中文字幕精品免费在线观看视频| 国产一级毛片在线| 另类亚洲欧美激情| 人成视频在线观看免费观看| 夜夜夜夜夜久久久久| 亚洲国产精品一区三区| 少妇 在线观看| av在线app专区| 日韩电影二区| 天堂中文最新版在线下载| 久久久久国内视频| 久久久久久亚洲精品国产蜜桃av| 午夜福利视频精品| 999久久久国产精品视频| 男人添女人高潮全过程视频| 俄罗斯特黄特色一大片| 国产欧美日韩一区二区精品| 一级片'在线观看视频| 在线观看免费高清a一片| 一边摸一边抽搐一进一出视频| 女人被躁到高潮嗷嗷叫费观| 深夜精品福利| 国产欧美日韩精品亚洲av| h视频一区二区三区| 亚洲国产精品成人久久小说| 国产精品熟女久久久久浪| 亚洲综合色网址| 欧美日韩福利视频一区二区| 欧美变态另类bdsm刘玥| 999精品在线视频| 99国产精品99久久久久| 成人国语在线视频| 国产成人精品久久二区二区91| 在线永久观看黄色视频| 蜜桃国产av成人99| 国产日韩欧美视频二区| 久久精品亚洲熟妇少妇任你| 亚洲精品国产av成人精品| 爱豆传媒免费全集在线观看| 各种免费的搞黄视频| 嫁个100分男人电影在线观看| 欧美日韩中文字幕国产精品一区二区三区 | 一区二区三区四区激情视频| 欧美激情久久久久久爽电影 | 日韩欧美免费精品| 中文字幕人妻熟女乱码| 欧美大码av| 不卡av一区二区三区| 嫩草影视91久久| 99精品欧美一区二区三区四区| 五月开心婷婷网| 色精品久久人妻99蜜桃| 一级片'在线观看视频| 午夜91福利影院| 99热全是精品| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三 | 国产精品偷伦视频观看了| 777米奇影视久久| 色播在线永久视频| 国产高清视频在线播放一区 | 亚洲伊人久久精品综合| 免费久久久久久久精品成人欧美视频| 男人爽女人下面视频在线观看| 久久久久久久大尺度免费视频| 午夜福利一区二区在线看| 国产亚洲精品久久久久5区| 操美女的视频在线观看| 日韩免费高清中文字幕av| 国产精品一区二区精品视频观看| av在线老鸭窝| 亚洲精品中文字幕一二三四区 | 亚洲黑人精品在线| 首页视频小说图片口味搜索| 丰满少妇做爰视频| 日韩制服丝袜自拍偷拍| 久久久久精品人妻al黑| 免费观看a级毛片全部| 婷婷丁香在线五月| 视频在线观看一区二区三区| av有码第一页| 中文字幕人妻丝袜一区二区| 久久人人爽人人片av| 大片免费播放器 马上看| av免费在线观看网站| 亚洲中文字幕日韩| 国产伦人伦偷精品视频| 我的亚洲天堂| 丁香六月天网| 久久性视频一级片| 亚洲专区字幕在线| 热99久久久久精品小说推荐| 菩萨蛮人人尽说江南好唐韦庄| 欧美精品啪啪一区二区三区 | 如日韩欧美国产精品一区二区三区| 精品卡一卡二卡四卡免费| 亚洲第一av免费看| 国产欧美日韩综合在线一区二区| 亚洲欧美精品综合一区二区三区| 亚洲性夜色夜夜综合| 夫妻午夜视频| 男女午夜视频在线观看| 制服诱惑二区| 免费日韩欧美在线观看| 女性生殖器流出的白浆| 91大片在线观看| 999久久久国产精品视频| 男女免费视频国产| 中文字幕av电影在线播放| 啦啦啦免费观看视频1| 欧美精品一区二区免费开放| 老司机影院成人| 亚洲第一青青草原| 99久久精品国产亚洲精品| 久久久久国产精品人妻一区二区| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频 | 天天躁狠狠躁夜夜躁狠狠躁| 精品熟女少妇八av免费久了| 国产亚洲av高清不卡| 亚洲人成77777在线视频| 多毛熟女@视频| 丝袜在线中文字幕| 永久免费av网站大全| 人人妻人人添人人爽欧美一区卜| 亚洲国产看品久久| 亚洲一卡2卡3卡4卡5卡精品中文| 老司机深夜福利视频在线观看 | 女人爽到高潮嗷嗷叫在线视频| 精品人妻在线不人妻| 99热国产这里只有精品6| 欧美国产精品va在线观看不卡| 亚洲第一青青草原| 亚洲国产欧美在线一区| 自线自在国产av| a级毛片在线看网站| 美女福利国产在线| 亚洲成av片中文字幕在线观看| 首页视频小说图片口味搜索| 亚洲精品国产av蜜桃| 狠狠狠狠99中文字幕| 大码成人一级视频| 两性午夜刺激爽爽歪歪视频在线观看 | 亚洲av成人不卡在线观看播放网 | 国产精品欧美亚洲77777| 亚洲成人手机| 热re99久久精品国产66热6| 涩涩av久久男人的天堂| 深夜精品福利| 色精品久久人妻99蜜桃| 如日韩欧美国产精品一区二区三区| 国产激情久久老熟女| 日韩免费高清中文字幕av| 日韩电影二区| 久久精品成人免费网站| 黄片播放在线免费| 亚洲精品在线美女| 宅男免费午夜| 亚洲精品久久久久久婷婷小说| e午夜精品久久久久久久| 精品卡一卡二卡四卡免费| 国产精品国产三级国产专区5o| 亚洲av美国av| a级毛片在线看网站| 777米奇影视久久| 中文字幕精品免费在线观看视频| 新久久久久国产一级毛片| 人人妻人人澡人人爽人人夜夜| 日本一区二区免费在线视频| 亚洲欧美日韩另类电影网站| 天天操日日干夜夜撸| 丝袜美足系列| 老汉色av国产亚洲站长工具| 成年女人毛片免费观看观看9 | 色婷婷av一区二区三区视频| 另类精品久久| 国产成人影院久久av| 亚洲自偷自拍图片 自拍| 久久久水蜜桃国产精品网| 亚洲avbb在线观看| 国产日韩欧美在线精品| 国产97色在线日韩免费| 99久久人妻综合| 在线观看免费日韩欧美大片| 97精品久久久久久久久久精品| 午夜福利在线免费观看网站| 久久 成人 亚洲| kizo精华| av一本久久久久| 极品少妇高潮喷水抽搐| 久久这里只有精品19| 国产精品一二三区在线看| 国产伦人伦偷精品视频| 欧美乱码精品一区二区三区| 90打野战视频偷拍视频| 久久99热这里只频精品6学生| 一区二区日韩欧美中文字幕| 欧美日韩亚洲国产一区二区在线观看 | 各种免费的搞黄视频| 纯流量卡能插随身wifi吗| 久久久久国内视频| 一级a爱视频在线免费观看| 精品国产一区二区三区久久久樱花| 9色porny在线观看| 欧美老熟妇乱子伦牲交| 国产人伦9x9x在线观看| 国产精品久久久人人做人人爽| 女人精品久久久久毛片| www.自偷自拍.com| 女警被强在线播放| 午夜精品国产一区二区电影| 69精品国产乱码久久久| 蜜桃国产av成人99| 香蕉国产在线看| 一二三四在线观看免费中文在| 久久人妻熟女aⅴ| 91成人精品电影| 亚洲人成电影免费在线| 另类精品久久| 香蕉国产在线看| 又紧又爽又黄一区二区| 成人亚洲精品一区在线观看| av又黄又爽大尺度在线免费看| 亚洲中文日韩欧美视频| 国产又爽黄色视频| 欧美成狂野欧美在线观看| 91精品国产国语对白视频| 飞空精品影院首页| 91成年电影在线观看| 女人精品久久久久毛片| 热99国产精品久久久久久7| 巨乳人妻的诱惑在线观看| cao死你这个sao货| 欧美精品av麻豆av| 老熟妇仑乱视频hdxx| 叶爱在线成人免费视频播放| 国产男女内射视频| 老司机靠b影院| 精品国产一区二区三区久久久樱花| 亚洲avbb在线观看| 超碰97精品在线观看| 久久国产精品大桥未久av| 午夜激情久久久久久久| 国产无遮挡羞羞视频在线观看| 亚洲人成77777在线视频| 亚洲国产av新网站| 一区二区三区乱码不卡18| 欧美午夜高清在线| 操出白浆在线播放| 丝袜脚勾引网站| 女性生殖器流出的白浆| 一级毛片电影观看| 久热这里只有精品99| 久久久国产一区二区| 极品少妇高潮喷水抽搐| 亚洲熟女精品中文字幕| 国产精品国产三级国产专区5o| 亚洲国产欧美一区二区综合| 精品福利观看| 母亲3免费完整高清在线观看| 色婷婷久久久亚洲欧美| 男女下面插进去视频免费观看| 高清欧美精品videossex| 亚洲九九香蕉| av不卡在线播放| 中文字幕另类日韩欧美亚洲嫩草| 99国产精品一区二区三区| 久久人妻福利社区极品人妻图片| 搡老熟女国产l中国老女人| 色94色欧美一区二区| 亚洲精品久久午夜乱码| 岛国毛片在线播放| 丁香六月欧美| 国产精品一区二区在线观看99| 国精品久久久久久国模美| 国产在线视频一区二区| 黄色毛片三级朝国网站| 国产一区二区激情短视频 | 国产精品自产拍在线观看55亚洲 | 我的亚洲天堂| 19禁男女啪啪无遮挡网站| 一级毛片女人18水好多| 国产精品九九99| 日日摸夜夜添夜夜添小说| 十八禁网站网址无遮挡| 国产免费视频播放在线视频| 女性生殖器流出的白浆| 午夜91福利影院| 黑丝袜美女国产一区| 9191精品国产免费久久| 黑丝袜美女国产一区| 黑人操中国人逼视频| 久久国产精品大桥未久av| 99久久99久久久精品蜜桃| 91成年电影在线观看| 亚洲av片天天在线观看| 精品国产乱码久久久久久男人| 人妻人人澡人人爽人人| 在线看a的网站| 国产老妇伦熟女老妇高清| 99国产精品一区二区蜜桃av | 精品一区在线观看国产| 丝瓜视频免费看黄片| 欧美激情高清一区二区三区| 中文精品一卡2卡3卡4更新| 国产精品国产三级国产专区5o| 欧美黑人欧美精品刺激| 最新在线观看一区二区三区| 99九九在线精品视频| 亚洲第一av免费看| 老鸭窝网址在线观看| 免费一级毛片在线播放高清视频 | 亚洲av国产av综合av卡| 久久 成人 亚洲| 欧美av亚洲av综合av国产av| 69av精品久久久久久 | 丝袜美足系列| 欧美午夜高清在线| 欧美一级毛片孕妇| 午夜免费成人在线视频| tocl精华| 老司机影院成人| 十八禁网站网址无遮挡| 成人国语在线视频| 日韩中文字幕欧美一区二区| 岛国毛片在线播放| 男女高潮啪啪啪动态图| 日韩制服丝袜自拍偷拍| 这个男人来自地球电影免费观看| 啦啦啦中文免费视频观看日本| 久久亚洲精品不卡| 99久久精品国产亚洲精品| 国产精品久久久久久精品古装| 永久免费av网站大全| 亚洲国产欧美网| 亚洲成av片中文字幕在线观看| 高清av免费在线| av天堂在线播放| 久久性视频一级片| 777久久人妻少妇嫩草av网站| 黄色视频,在线免费观看| 两个人看的免费小视频| 精品一品国产午夜福利视频| 日本撒尿小便嘘嘘汇集6| 女人被躁到高潮嗷嗷叫费观| 亚洲精品久久久久久婷婷小说| a 毛片基地| av网站免费在线观看视频| 又黄又粗又硬又大视频| 最近中文字幕2019免费版| 欧美人与性动交α欧美软件| 亚洲精华国产精华精| 丰满饥渴人妻一区二区三| 国产一区二区三区av在线| 午夜精品国产一区二区电影| 成人国语在线视频| 考比视频在线观看| 久久青草综合色| 亚洲av电影在线进入| 老司机深夜福利视频在线观看 | 欧美日韩黄片免| 亚洲一卡2卡3卡4卡5卡精品中文| av在线app专区| 色综合欧美亚洲国产小说| 日韩,欧美,国产一区二区三区| 亚洲av电影在线观看一区二区三区| 国产在线视频一区二区| 咕卡用的链子| av超薄肉色丝袜交足视频| 国产成人精品久久二区二区免费| 中文字幕人妻丝袜制服| 侵犯人妻中文字幕一二三四区| 国产一区二区三区av在线| 嫩草影视91久久| 少妇的丰满在线观看| 久久久精品免费免费高清| 黄片播放在线免费| 久久国产精品大桥未久av| 午夜福利视频精品| 亚洲av日韩在线播放| 777久久人妻少妇嫩草av网站| 在线观看免费日韩欧美大片| 久久精品国产a三级三级三级| av又黄又爽大尺度在线免费看| 少妇被粗大的猛进出69影院| 窝窝影院91人妻| 黑丝袜美女国产一区| 一边摸一边抽搐一进一出视频| a在线观看视频网站| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三区在线| 狂野欧美激情性xxxx| 国产精品香港三级国产av潘金莲| 精品一区在线观看国产| 国产精品.久久久| 免费在线观看视频国产中文字幕亚洲 | 国产97色在线日韩免费| av视频免费观看在线观看| 久久青草综合色| 叶爱在线成人免费视频播放| 一级黄色大片毛片| 中文欧美无线码| 久久久久久人人人人人| 一本色道久久久久久精品综合| 欧美变态另类bdsm刘玥| 91精品国产国语对白视频| 国产免费福利视频在线观看| 精品国产超薄肉色丝袜足j| 久久精品久久久久久噜噜老黄| 亚洲精品第二区| 操出白浆在线播放| 男人添女人高潮全过程视频| 色视频在线一区二区三区| 99国产综合亚洲精品| 欧美精品亚洲一区二区| 操出白浆在线播放| 国产淫语在线视频| 脱女人内裤的视频| 亚洲国产精品一区二区三区在线| 久久久久久免费高清国产稀缺| 热99re8久久精品国产| 搡老岳熟女国产| 自拍欧美九色日韩亚洲蝌蚪91| 欧美在线黄色| 国产精品亚洲av一区麻豆| 狠狠精品人妻久久久久久综合| 久久九九热精品免费| 婷婷色av中文字幕| 国产欧美日韩一区二区精品| 999久久久精品免费观看国产| 制服诱惑二区| 国产精品一二三区在线看| 亚洲av日韩在线播放| 一本久久精品| 亚洲精品美女久久久久99蜜臀| 男女国产视频网站| 欧美97在线视频| 国产97色在线日韩免费| 久久久久久久大尺度免费视频| 别揉我奶头~嗯~啊~动态视频 | 国产一区二区三区av在线| 妹子高潮喷水视频| 成人黄色视频免费在线看| 飞空精品影院首页| 美女主播在线视频| 亚洲国产欧美日韩在线播放| 麻豆国产av国片精品| 午夜视频精品福利| 国产成人一区二区三区免费视频网站| 嫩草影视91久久| 极品人妻少妇av视频| 亚洲伊人色综图| av片东京热男人的天堂| 亚洲国产毛片av蜜桃av| 成人三级做爰电影| 欧美黑人精品巨大| 国产亚洲午夜精品一区二区久久| 在线永久观看黄色视频| 欧美大码av| 日本精品一区二区三区蜜桃| 精品国内亚洲2022精品成人 | 久久国产亚洲av麻豆专区| 人人妻人人澡人人爽人人夜夜| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区久久| 男女之事视频高清在线观看| 老司机在亚洲福利影院| 最新的欧美精品一区二区| 老司机靠b影院| 黄色片一级片一级黄色片| 丁香六月天网| 婷婷丁香在线五月| 欧美变态另类bdsm刘玥| 黄色a级毛片大全视频| 国产欧美亚洲国产| 丝袜美足系列| 天堂中文最新版在线下载| 黄色视频在线播放观看不卡| 免费人妻精品一区二区三区视频| 老司机靠b影院| 99热网站在线观看| 久久狼人影院| 黑人猛操日本美女一级片| 一本一本久久a久久精品综合妖精| 国产av国产精品国产| 黑丝袜美女国产一区| 一本大道久久a久久精品| 亚洲欧美精品自产自拍| a 毛片基地| 中文欧美无线码| 狠狠精品人妻久久久久久综合| 精品久久久久久电影网| 亚洲欧美色中文字幕在线| 国产成人啪精品午夜网站| 另类亚洲欧美激情| 亚洲欧美日韩高清在线视频 | 香蕉丝袜av| 一边摸一边抽搐一进一出视频| 亚洲国产欧美一区二区综合| 国产精品一二三区在线看| 亚洲人成电影免费在线| 国产亚洲av片在线观看秒播厂| 人妻久久中文字幕网| 久久久精品免费免费高清| 人人澡人人妻人| 国产免费现黄频在线看| 欧美性长视频在线观看| 国产福利在线免费观看视频| 午夜两性在线视频| 国产精品秋霞免费鲁丝片| 国产成人系列免费观看| 国产成人啪精品午夜网站| 欧美黑人欧美精品刺激| 啦啦啦视频在线资源免费观看| 最近中文字幕2019免费版| 美女国产高潮福利片在线看| 欧美日韩成人在线一区二区| 国产高清视频在线播放一区 | 精品亚洲成a人片在线观看| 中文字幕色久视频| kizo精华| 美女福利国产在线| 亚洲精品中文字幕一二三四区 | 在线亚洲精品国产二区图片欧美| 国产精品秋霞免费鲁丝片| 天天影视国产精品| 久久国产精品人妻蜜桃| 成人免费观看视频高清| 国产在视频线精品| cao死你这个sao货| 国产无遮挡羞羞视频在线观看| 极品人妻少妇av视频| 久久久精品免费免费高清| 美国免费a级毛片| 最黄视频免费看| 1024香蕉在线观看| 女性被躁到高潮视频| 日韩一卡2卡3卡4卡2021年| 午夜福利一区二区在线看| 国产99久久九九免费精品| 精品免费久久久久久久清纯 | 亚洲精品乱久久久久久|