東京制造：第15年

利斯·比利亞爾瓦/Lys Villalba

東京制造：第15年

利斯·比利亞爾瓦/Lys Villalba

城市實驗室

城市一直是烏托邦式憧憬、批判性思維以及顛覆性劇變的焦點，也是重大社會性、技術(shù)性及政治性變革的原點。城市空間的這種變革傾向在引發(fā)實際行動的同時，也催生了批判性思維：正如戴維·哈維在《叛逆的城市》［1］中以及亨利·列斐伏爾在《空間的生產(chǎn)》［2］中所宣稱的那樣，人們對于城市的權(quán)利事實上是一種能夠改變世界、轉(zhuǎn)化現(xiàn)實的動態(tài)權(quán)利。

從技術(shù)上講，日本是一座建筑學(xué)實驗室，而東京則是它最主要的實驗臺。大東京都市圈以3950萬居民的龐大人口規(guī)模成為整個地球上人口密度最高的城市，而居高不下的土地價格則決定了其城市空間在持續(xù)不斷的變革中所產(chǎn)生的異質(zhì)性。在東京，建筑物的平均壽命約為30年，這些建筑的空間配置原則和功能上的混合方式在歐洲將是無法想象的。

日常城市主義：針對建筑學(xué)邊緣領(lǐng)域的研究

那些非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的、匿名的建筑看上去有些奇怪，仿佛是即興創(chuàng)作的結(jié)果。然而，正是這些建筑定義了東京的城市空間所特有的混合特質(zhì)。犬吠工作室所撰寫的《東京制造》［3］的問世使得東京的這一特質(zhì)成為了世界注目的焦點，今年則是這部著作問世的15周年。

正如該書作者貝島桃代、黑田義三和塚本由晴所說，書中所記錄的70棟建筑中沒有一棟是由明星建筑師設(shè)計的。這些建筑并不符合傳統(tǒng)意義上的建筑學(xué)審美，也不曾出現(xiàn)在任何城市導(dǎo)則標(biāo)準(zhǔn)當(dāng)中。相反地，《東京制造》所關(guān)注的是日常中的城市，是那些通常被快速建造出來的非正式建筑，而這樣的建筑通常都會被歸入建筑學(xué)的邊緣領(lǐng)域。

在過去的15年中，《東京制造》對于當(dāng)代的建筑學(xué)辯論所產(chǎn)生的巨大影響實際上是雙重的。首先，這本書強(qiáng)調(diào)了這些時常被忽視的匿名且未經(jīng)計劃的建筑的存在，并為建筑學(xué)帶來了新的唯度——即建筑直接與現(xiàn)實相互作用。其次，它引入了一種新的方法論范式：繪圖成為核心的研究工具，軸測視圖作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的格式充分體現(xiàn)了對研究對象精確的觀察、分析和再現(xiàn)。

意料之外的城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)

《東京制造》對于這70個案例的檢證同時也反映出了存在于建筑自身當(dāng)中的城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)：由建筑物、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和景觀構(gòu)成的混合體對于不斷變化的城市文脈所產(chǎn)生的具體需求進(jìn)行進(jìn)化式的回應(yīng)。這些綜合性的建造行為引發(fā)了一系列意料之外的共生現(xiàn)象，使得它們成為了反映城市連續(xù)性的一系列特殊案例。

金町的超級機(jī)動車學(xué)?！@座由駕駛學(xué)校和超級市場構(gòu)成的建筑物的外形被其附近的火車軌道所劃分；后樂的過山車大樓——游樂園、停車場、健身房和餐廳共同構(gòu)建在長達(dá)150m的線性基地上；六本木的首都高速公路巡查大樓——高速公路從辦公街區(qū)的中央穿過。這些僅僅是東京無窮無盡的建筑類型中的幾個例子而已。

未完成性：城市空間的進(jìn)化性特質(zhì)

如果以城市的固有特質(zhì)作為判斷基準(zhǔn)，《東京制造》中的建筑可以被視為尚未完成的建筑。這些建筑主動地選擇了保留進(jìn)化的余地，建筑與其所在環(huán)境都被默認(rèn)為是不斷變化的復(fù)合性城市空間的一部分。

城市的未完成性是當(dāng)代的建筑學(xué)討論與實踐中根深蒂固的主題之一：從薩斯基雅·薩森以未完成性為主題的著作到斯圖爾特·布蘭特圖文并茂的研究《建筑是如何學(xué)習(xí)的》［4］，對城市環(huán)境的適應(yīng)能力應(yīng)當(dāng)被重新評估為一種優(yōu)點。

東京制造：第十五年

《東京制造》是犬吠工作室15年前對彼時彼地所進(jìn)行的快速影像記錄。我十分好奇這些建筑物在一個不斷變化的城市中是如何繼續(xù)進(jìn)化的，因而創(chuàng)立了“東京制造：第十五年”這樣一個研究項目。通過針對書中所檢證的70座建筑物進(jìn)行再訪，重新拍照并繪制圖紙，以審視它們的進(jìn)化并由此重新把握東京的城市脈搏。利用這70個具體的案例，我們的研究項目分析了東京在過去的15年間如何逐漸進(jìn)化，并由此投射出其在經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會和技術(shù)上所產(chǎn)生的變革。

雙重記錄形式

“東京制造：第十五年”引入了兩種互補(bǔ)的記錄形式：70張照片和70幅圖紙，這兩種記錄形式使得兩種研究和解讀能夠平行地進(jìn)行。我們這樣做的原因在于，這兩種記錄形式所反映出的意圖、思考和反饋是相互區(qū)別又互補(bǔ)的。照片使得實踐研究的現(xiàn)場被忠實地記錄下來，并被實時發(fā)送到madeintokyoupdate這個instagram（基于社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)的圖片分享網(wǎng)站）賬號中，立即進(jìn)入公眾的視野。而另一方面，分析性制圖將這些建筑的過去與現(xiàn)在重疊在一起，使其成為一種對于這些建筑的進(jìn)化進(jìn)行分析和檢證的工具，強(qiáng)調(diào)變化對建筑本身產(chǎn)生的影響和其所處環(huán)境在經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會、政治以及技術(shù)上的現(xiàn)實狀況。

工作方法：一次長達(dá)7周的自行車之旅

到達(dá)東京的第一天我就決定買一輛自行車，這或許應(yīng)當(dāng)成為這次實踐研究在方法論上最為主要的決定之一。在2015年的10-11月間，我對書中記錄的70棟建筑進(jìn)行了再訪，再次進(jìn)行繪圖并拍攝了照片，以獲取它們的進(jìn)化狀況。得益于每天都要在東京市內(nèi)騎行20～30km，我通過不斷探索這座城市的日常生活以及對這70棟建筑的周邊環(huán)境進(jìn)行解讀，對建筑本身的進(jìn)化有了更充分的理解。

作為一種概括性的工作方法，這一研究項目希望能夠通過觀察進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)，對于記錄、分析以及分類后的發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行研究。從記錄到思考，知識上的拓展反過來又強(qiáng)化了實踐自身。（李璠 譯）

The City as a Laboratory

Cities have long been focus of utopian impulses，critical thoughts and disruptive revolutions， as well as origins from where major social， technological and political changes emerge. This revolutionary condition of the urban space has not only instigated actions but also critical thoughts: as proclaimed by David Harvey's Rebel Cities［1］and Henri Lefebvre's The production of Space［2］， the right to the city is indeed an active right to change the world， to transform reality.

Technologically， Japan is an architecture laboratory and Tokyo is its main experimentation room. Its extreme density-Tokyo is the most populous city on the planet， with 39，500，000 residents in the Greater Tokyo Area-and a high land price determine the heterogeneity of an urban space in continuous evolution. With an average lifespan of 30 years， Tokyo's buildings are defined by spatial configurations and functional crossovers that would be unthinkable in Europe.

Everyday Urbanism： A Research on the Margins of the Discipline

The hybrid identity of Tokyo's urban space，defined by non-standard and anonymous buildings，seemingly strange and improvised， became a focus for the world's attention with the publication of Made in Tokyo［3］by Atelier Bow-Wow， which celebrates its fifteenth anniversary this year.

As its authors Kaijima， Kuroda and Tsukamoto state， none of the 70 buildings featured in the book has been designed by a star architect. They do not fit with conventional ideas of architectural beauty， nor do they appear in any standard city guide. On the contrary，Made in Tokyo focuses on the everyday city， on the informal and immediate buildings that are usually relegated to the margins of the discipline.

Over the last fifteen years， Made in Tokyo's enormous influence on contemporary architectural debate has been twofold. First， the book enhances this anonymous and unplanned architecture that tended to be ignored， and brings new dimensions into the discipline in which architecture engages directly with the reality. Second， it introduced a new methodological paradigm: drawing became the central research tool and axonometric views a format for precise observation， analysis and representation.

Unexpected Urban Ecologies

Made in Tokyo's seventy case studies are examined as urban ecologies in themselves: a mixture of buildings，infrastructures and landscapes that are evolutionary responses to the specific needs of the different contexts of the city. These hybrid constructions give rise to unexpected cases of symbiosis， becoming singular examples of urban coherence.

The Super Car School in Kanamachi-a driving school and supermarket whose form is demarcated by adjacent train tracks， the Roller Coaster Building in Koraku-an amusement park， parking， gym and restaurant built on 150 linear metres， or the Expressway patrol Building in Roppongi-an office block with a motorway running through it. These are just some of the buildings that make up the infinite architectural typologies of Tokyo.

Incompleteness： The Evolutionary Quality of The Urban Space

As the inherent quality of the city， the buildings in Made in Tokyo can be seen as incomplete. This evolutionary capacity was one of the criteria for their selection； the building and the context are understood as part of a complex and ever-changing urban space.

The incompleteness of the city is ingrained in contemporary debate and practice: from Saskia Sassen's work on incompleteness to Stewart Brand's illustrated research How Buildings Learn［4］， the adaptive capacity of our built environment should be reconsidered as a virtue.

Made in Tokyo： 15th Year Update

Made in Tokyo is a snapshot of the here and now， taken fifteen years ago by Atelier Bow-Wow. Wondering how these constructions have evolved in a city in constant flux， I developed the Made in Tokyo: 15th Year Update1）research project， taking again the pulse of Tokyo through the same 70 constructions that were examined in the book， revisiting， redrawing and re-photographing them once again， including their evolution. Using these specific examples as 70 case studies， the project analyzes how the city has evolved during the last fifteen years， generating a reflection on economical， social and technological local changes.

Double Format

Made in Tokyo: 15th Year Update incorporates two complementary formats， 70 photographs and 70 drawings， which enables two parallel research readings.The intentions， reflections and repercussions generated by each format are both different and complementary. photographs allow a hands-on research recorded in situ and transmitted in real time on the Instagram account @madeintokyoupdate， immediately reaching the general public. On the other hand， each analytical drawing overlaps a past and present state and becomes a tool for analysing and examining the evolution of these buildings， addressing a later reflection on these changes and the economic， social， political and technological realities of these contexts. A short description of each case study， and on/off and category table with the same orders analysed in Made in Tokyo are included in every drawing.

Working Methodology： A Seven-Week Cycle Journey

On my first day in Tokyo I decided to buy a bike， and maybe this could have been the main methodological decision in this hands-on research. During October and November 2015 I revisited， redrew and re-photographed the 70 buildings that were featured in the book， looking for their evolutions. Due to the fact that I cycled 20 to 30 km of Tokyo everyday，I gained an understanding of the evolutions of all these 70 buildings by learning from their surroundings and discovering the everyday life of the city.

As a general working methodology， the project aims to learn through observation， working from the findings that have been documented， analysed and catalogued. From recording to reflection， the project furthers knowledge that enhances the practice itself.

注釋/Notes：

1）“東京制造：第15年”是一個獨(dú)立的項目，同時也是一個名為“建筑學(xué)原型：技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會政治學(xué)變革之下的非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工具”的項目的一部分。該項目是一個獨(dú)立的理論-實踐項目，目前由利斯·比利亞爾瓦主持進(jìn)行，旨在研究建筑學(xué)和設(shè)計如何成為引發(fā)生態(tài)學(xué)層面、技術(shù)層面以及社會政治層面變革的工具。/Made in Tokyo: 15th Year Update， is a project in itself but is also one chapter of the larger project Architecture prototypes: Non- Standard Tools Towards Technological， Ecological and Sociopolitical Revolutions， an independent theoretical-practical project that Lys Villalba is currently developing，a research about how architecture and design can become tools for generating ecological， technological and sociopolitical revolutions.

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［1］ David Harvey. Rebel Cities: From the Right to the City to the Urban Revolution. Verso Books， 2012.

［2］ Henri Lefebvre. The production of Space. Wiley-Blackwell， 1991.

［3］ Momoyo Kaijima， Junzo Kuroda and Yoshiharu Tsukamoto. Made in Tokyo. Kajima Institute publishing Co， 2001.

［4］ Stewart Brand. How Buildings Learn: What Happens After They're Built. penguin Books， 1995.

05過山車大樓

“東京似乎蔓延著一種空白恐懼癥。到處都可以看到人們對于找到空白空間并將之填滿的欲望?！保?］《東京制造》對“自動尺度”建筑進(jìn)行了分析，在這樣的環(huán)境中，建筑的功能恰好與空白空間的尺度和比例相匹配。這座過山車大樓是自動寬度的一個實例：一座游樂園被建設(shè)在由一連串商店所構(gòu)成的長達(dá)150m的建筑之上。在過去的15年中，這座過山車經(jīng)歷了拆除、重建并最終被拆毀，只剩下巨大的傘狀構(gòu)造物矗立在原地。而一座采用相同策略的新的巨大商業(yè)設(shè)施則在附近被建成。

05Roller coaster building

"There is a void phobia in Tokyo. Everywhere， the desire to find and fill gaps can be seen."［3］Made in Tokyo analized "automatic scaling" architectures， situations where a program just matches the gap in terms of size and proportion， not taking into account any other condition. This roller coaster building is an example of auto-width: an amusement park was built on top of a 150meters long strip of shops. During the last 15 years， the roller coaster was dismantled， rebuilt and finally demolished， leaving the parachute alone. A new huge commercial area has been built with the same strategy on the adjacent site.

1-僅有降落傘設(shè)施還保留著/Only parachute remains

2-過山車經(jīng)過更新而后又被拆除/The roller coaster was updated and afterwards demolished

3-新過山車比以前的更大/New roller coaster is much bigger than the previous one

4-新商業(yè)區(qū)已建成/A new commercial area has been built

06從霓虹燈建筑到背光照明建筑

15年前這座建筑被完全包裹在霓虹燈廣告牌之中，渾身上下是不斷重復(fù)的產(chǎn)品分類而非具體品牌。現(xiàn)在，在2011年3月11日的大地震和海嘯所引發(fā)的全國性節(jié)約用電政策之下，這里已經(jīng)完全找不到霓虹燈廣告牌。建筑物的立面被背光照明下的曲線形品牌廣告牌所覆蓋。同樣與15年前相反的是，即使電器店的所有者仍然是同一家公司，現(xiàn)在打折的產(chǎn)品已不再是照相機(jī)而變成了手提電話。生意本身也產(chǎn)生了變化。

06From neon building to backlit building

15years ago this building was wraped with neon signs， repeating lists of products rather than brands. Nowadays there are no neon signs to be found anymore， following nationwide electricity restrictions after the devastating March 11 earthquake and tsunami. All the facade is covered by a curved backlit board with brands. Both opposites strategies. Even if the store is owned by the same company， the products on sale now are not cameras but mobile phones. The business has been also updated.

1-霓虹燈覆蓋的建筑立面/Neon signs wrapped the building facades

2-夜間作為城市照明/During the night it becomes a light for the city

3-立面為新的一體式塑料背光板/The facade is a new one piece plastic backlit board

4-曾經(jīng)列出產(chǎn)品列表，現(xiàn)在只剩下品牌名稱/Lists of products were listed before， nowadays only brands

07從彈珠博彩的圣殿到卡拉OK圣殿

新宿的這3棟建筑構(gòu)成了它們自己的都市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。15年前，位于中央的建筑是一家彈珠博彩店鋪，而幾家高利貸機(jī)構(gòu)則隱藏在它周圍的建筑中為博彩參與者提供借款，它們共同構(gòu)成了一個無限循環(huán)的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈?，F(xiàn)在，那些銀行仍然坐落在相同的地方。新的商業(yè)模式也在這里出現(xiàn)—— 一家貓咪咖啡店，在這里你可以在享用咖啡的同時與貓為伴。

07From pachinko cathedral to karaoke cathedral

These three buildings in Shinjuku are one urban ecology in themselves. 15 years ago the central building was a pachinko and shark banks were loaning money in the adjacent buildings， as a never ending economical cycle. Nowadays only banks remain in the same place. New bussines appeared， as a cat cafe， where you can pet a cat while you are having a coffee.

1-這3棟建筑與巴黎圣母院有著類似的外表，構(gòu)成了一個都市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)/With the same appearance as Notre Dame cathedral， these 3 buildings are one urban ecology

2-彈珠博彩店在中間，高利貸機(jī)構(gòu)在兩側(cè)/pachinko in the central building， shark banks in the laterals

3-彈珠博彩大樓現(xiàn)在是卡拉OK店/The pachinko is now a karaoke building 4-僅剩下高利貸機(jī)構(gòu)/Only shark banks remain

10高速公路巡查大樓

這座建筑的居民同時包括了人和機(jī)動車。或者更甚，只有在駕駛機(jī)動車的情況下人才可以進(jìn)入。因為這座建筑并沒有一個主要的步行者入口，沒有大門，沒有門鈴。只有駕駛著機(jī)動車，人才能夠進(jìn)入主要樓層。在過去的15年中，這座建筑經(jīng)歷了由于建筑基本法的修編而必須進(jìn)行的抗震改造。它的表皮也產(chǎn)生了變化，出現(xiàn)了住宅樓式的陽臺。

10Expressway patrol building

The inhabitants of this building are both cars and people. Even more， you can only enter if you are driving a vehicle. There is no principal pedestrian entrance， no door， no bell. To access to the main level man depends on cars. During the last 15 years the structure of the building has been renovated according to earthquake regulations. It has also changed the skin， including housing balconies.

1-與道路超接近的商住樓/Home & office building hyper-close to streets

2-改造表皮/Updated skin

3-車輛從高速公路直接進(jìn)入大樓/Vehicles access directly from the expressway to the building

4-從高速公路直接進(jìn)入辦公樓/Access from expressway to the office

14高爾夫出租車大樓

這座建筑的所有者沒有改變，它是高爾夫練習(xí)場與出租車停車場令人驚異的共生案例。巨大的保護(hù)網(wǎng)漂浮在目黑社區(qū)的上空。僅是保護(hù)網(wǎng)本身就已足夠定義兩個互補(bǔ)的空間及功能。高爾夫球愛好者在建筑物的上層部分面向保護(hù)網(wǎng)的內(nèi)部進(jìn)行練習(xí)。同樣傾斜的網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)同時也定義了位于建筑物低層部分的出租車停車場的屋頂。兩種功能的出入口和流線相互交織在一起。

14Golf taxi building

Run by the same owner， the golf taxi building is an unexpected case of spatial symbiosis between a golf practicing area and a taxi parking. A huge net emerges over Meguro neighbourhood. And just a net is enough to define two complementary spaces and programs. Golfers practice towards the interior net from the upper lever of the building. The same sloping net defines the ceiling of the taxi parking in the lower level. Entrances and circulations of both programs are intertwined.

1-新的露天吸煙區(qū)/New open-air smoking area

2-高爾夫練習(xí)場/Golf practicing area

3-新建處理室/New refreshing room

4-高爾夫玩家的新停車空間/New parking space for golf clients

5-網(wǎng)籠，出租車停車的天花板是網(wǎng)狀的斜面/Netted cage， the ceiling of the taxi parking is a netted slope

6-出租車雙層停車樓/Taxi parking in two levels

19從空調(diào)大樓到？

這座建筑是一座巨大的空調(diào)機(jī)。它坐落在羽田機(jī)場的附近，作為一座巨大的空調(diào)器負(fù)責(zé)對機(jī)場相關(guān)設(shè)施所在的建筑物進(jìn)行制冷和供暖。由于這些建筑在近年均設(shè)置了各自的制冷單元，空調(diào)大樓已不再運(yùn)行。它很快將被一座新的建筑取代，但是其所有者尚未提出任何具體的規(guī)劃。

19From air-con building to ？

This building is a huge air-conditioner machine. Located closed to Haneda airport， air-con building is an equipment for cooling and heating the sorrounding buildings related to airport facilities. Because all of them have been updated with cooling units， the air-con building is not in use anymore. A new building will replace it soon but they don't have any plans yet.

1-周圍建筑有了新的冷卻塔，所以這棟建筑不再使用/The sorrounding buildings have new cooling towers， so the building is not in use anymore

2-巨大開敞的冷卻塔/Large and open cooling towers

3-該建筑不久將被拆除，但業(yè)主并不清楚之后將此地如何安置/The building is going to be demolished soon， but the owner doesn't know which program is going to replace it yet

4-周圍與機(jī)場設(shè)施相關(guān)建筑的加熱與冷卻設(shè)備/Facility for heating and cooling the sorrounding buildings related to airport facilities

5-與周邊建筑連通的管線/pipelines that connected into the sorrounding buildings

6-管線已于2015年夏季被拆除/The pipelines have been disassembled in the summer of 2015

27從高速路出入口網(wǎng)球場到高速路出入口停車場

東京大部分的高速公路都以高架橋的形式存在，這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生了大量的高架橋下空間。這種位于環(huán)形高速路中央的圓柱形空間通常都作為城市空白被忽略，然而在這里，這個直徑61m的空間卻成為了一個具有價值并被積極利用的空間。它的功能在過去的15年中從網(wǎng)球場變?yōu)榱丝ㄜ囃＼噲觥?/p>

27From interchange court to interchange parking

Most of the expressways in Tokyo are elevated from the ground and this situation generates enormous amounts of underinfrastructure space. This cylindrical space that remains in the middle of the the loop of a expressway， that usually would be ignored by the city as an urban void， becomes here a valuable and actively utilised space of 61 meters-diameter， which has change its program in the last 15 years， from tennis courts to truck parking.

1-卡車停車場/Truck parking

2-位于高速公路坡道圍院中的車輛停車場/Car parking in the courtyard enclosed by expressway ramps

3-位于高速公路坡道圍院中的網(wǎng)球場/Tennis courts in the courtyard enclosed by expressway ramps

29超級機(jī)動車學(xué)校

金町超級市場的屋頂上坐落著一座非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的城市景觀：一座機(jī)動車駕駛學(xué)校。鐵道線路的線型直接塑造了這座建筑曲線形的外輪廓。然而如今，由于鐵道路線的改變，這些軌道已經(jīng)不再被使用。一座野生的花園開始在停車場旁邊生長起來。在幾乎見不到路面停車道的東京，這種情況是非常罕見的。在東京，想要購買一輛車，你需要首先出示擁有相應(yīng)停車空間的證明。所有的車輛都需要有一個家。

29Super car school

The rooftop of Kanamachi supermarket is a non-standard urban landscape: a driving school. The curved shape of this building was defined by the train tracks. However， the route changed and nowadays they are not in operation. A wild garden has naturally grown in its place， next to the parking. This situation is quite unusual in Tokyo， where streets never have parking lanes. Even more， whenever you want to buy a vehicle， a proof that you own a parking space is needed. All cars need a home.

1-超市屋頂?shù)鸟{校/Driving school on top of a supermarket

2-鐵道不再使用，院子中野草叢生/The railroad is not in operation， wild grass has grown

3-場地被弧形鐵道圍住/The site is defined by the curve of the train tracks 4-街道層的停車場/parking in the street level

33阿美橫町的空中寺廟

東京是一座三維城市，阿美橫町的空中寺廟證明了這一點。這座歷史長達(dá)600年的寺廟被建造在一個商業(yè)區(qū)屋頂?shù)娜斯さ鼗?。神圣的場所通常都與一個特定的地點聯(lián)系緊密，這樣的場所有時經(jīng)歷拆除和重建，但它們永遠(yuǎn)在一個三維的世界中與各種其他的活動共同存在。在這里，商店本身經(jīng)歷了新舊更替，它們的招牌也煥然一新。

33Ameyoko flying temple

Tokyo is a 3D city， and Ameyoko flying temple an evidence of that. With more than 600 years of history， this shrine is stablished on an artificial ground on top of a shopping area. Sacred places are linked to a certain site， sometimes demolished and rebuilt， but they coexit in 3D with all types of activities. In this case， shops have changed and their signs have been updated.

1-有600年歷史的寺廟位于人工基地之上/With 600 years of history， the temple is located on an artificial ground

2-圣地之下是擁擠的商業(yè)區(qū)/Underneath the shrine， there is a crowded commercial area

3-店鋪與招牌已經(jīng)變了/Shops and signs have changed

4-商店之間的神道/Sacred path in between shops

5-從圣地可以看到山手線列車經(jīng)過/From the shrine one can see Yamanote line trains passing

47從吸血公園到會議中心

15年前，秋葉原車站旁一塊被霓虹燈建筑包圍的土地上，坐落著一家公共體育設(shè)施和占據(jù)其一角的獻(xiàn)血站。兩者共同構(gòu)成了一種非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)?，F(xiàn)在，這些設(shè)施已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在，取而代之的是一座突兀的高達(dá)35層的會議中心。

47From vampire park to convention hall

15years ago， in front of Akihabara station and surrounded by neon buildings， a public sports facilities and a tiny blood donation building lived together as a non-standard urban ecology. Nowadays nothing remains； a 35 storey convention hall is abruptly sited.

1-開放空間、城市體育場/Open space， urban sports areas

2-一棟突兀的35層大樓立于此處/A 35-floor building is abruptely located

3-獻(xiàn)血站位于體育場之間/Blood donation building was located in between sports courts

4-秋葉原會議中心停車入口/Akihabara convention hall parking entrance

63寵物建筑

寵物建筑在東京隨處可見，“它們比家具大，但仍然太小以至于無法被視為一座建筑?！保?］在大崎的一塊狹小的三角形土地上，曾坐落在這里的住宅、倉庫及自動販賣機(jī)已經(jīng)被一個城市花園取代。由于日本的遺產(chǎn)繼承稅高居世界首位，一些家庭通常無法負(fù)擔(dān)高額的稅金，因而決定將他們所擁有的土地分成兩部分。這樣的做法引發(fā)了一個不斷將土地劃分為更小的基地的連鎖過程。

63pet architecture

Tokyo is full of pet architecture: "items bigger than furniture but too small to be recognized as architecture. "［3］In this tiny triangular site in Osaki， a storage&home with vending machines has been replaced by an urban garden. Because Japanese inheritance taxes are the highest in the world， sometimes families cannot afford them and decided to split their property in two. This situation causes a continous process of site subdivission in smaller and smaller lots.

1-新的3層住宅建筑/New 3-floor housing building

2-自動售貨機(jī)保留/The vending machine remains

3-住宅與倉庫被改造為菜園/House & storage have been replaced by a vegetable garden

4-小住宅與倉庫在背面/Tiny house & storage at the back

5-自動售貨機(jī)與洗衣機(jī)/Vending machines & washing machine

69從洗車平臺到高級公寓

這里15年前是一座自助式機(jī)械洗車店，如今這里矗立著一座巨大的住宅建筑。在看到這座完全由機(jī)器進(jìn)行自動化控制的設(shè)施時，犬吠工作室曾質(zhì)疑人的技巧和速度是否已經(jīng)無法與機(jī)器進(jìn)行競爭。然而現(xiàn)在我們可以說，住宅市場最終在這場競爭中獲勝。

69From carwash terrace to luxury apartments

In the site where 15 years ago a do it yourself & machine carwash was located， now stands a huge housing building. In a facility where everything was operated automatically， Atelier Bow-Wow questioned if human skills and speed can compete with machines. Now we can state that housing market does.

1-高級公寓代代木都市陽臺/Luxury apartments City Terrace Yoyogi Koen

2-住戶自動停車區(qū)/Auto parking for residents

3-拓寬的山手街/Widened Yamate street

4-上層自助洗車/Upper level do-it-yourself carwash

5-下層機(jī)器洗車/Lower level machine carwash

Made in Tokyo: 15th Year Update