磁懸浮列車(chē)：火車(chē)技術(shù)的一個(gè)新時(shí)代

Maglev： A New Generation in

Railroad Technology

Japan has one of the most advanced mass railroad systems in the world. The Shinkansen， referred to as the Bullet Train， covers thousands of kilometers of tracks at speeds in excess of 200 kilometers per hour. Each day more than 270 bullet-nosed trains convey 340，000 passengers throughout Japan.

日本是擁有世界上最先進(jìn)的火車(chē)體系的國(guó)家之一。新干線，即子彈頭列車(chē)，以每小時(shí)200千米的速度跑完數(shù)千千米的距離。每天有270列子彈頭列車(chē)運(yùn)送34萬(wàn)乘客往來(lái)日本全境。

Since the Japanese railroad system went into service in 1964， the trains have carried more than 1.8 billion travelers without an injury or a fatality. The well-maintainer system is not only safe and fast， but it is not petroleum dependent.

自從1964年日本鐵路體系運(yùn)行以來(lái)，火車(chē)已運(yùn)送18億旅客，無(wú)一傷亡。這種性能良好的系統(tǒng)不但方便快捷，而且不用石油供給能量。

Technical specialists working at Japanese National Railways had experimented with a prototype magnetic levitation train. The maglev （an acronym for magnetic levitation） actually races along a guideway at almost 500 kilometers per hour， floating on a magnetic field. The maglev operates on the basic principles of electromagnetism.

致力于日本國(guó)家鐵路的技術(shù)專(zhuān)家已經(jīng)對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的磁懸浮列車(chē)進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)。這種列車(chē)實(shí)際上可以沿指定的軌道以每小時(shí)500千米的速度飄于磁面前行。這種磁力通過(guò)電磁鐵而產(chǎn)生。

The train depends on magnetism for propulsion， suspension， and braking. Specialized sets of magnetic coils are built into the body framework of the train. Other sets of magnetic coils are installed in the bottom and sides of a U-shaped guideway that cradles the train. When electric power is switched on， the coils on the train and in the guideway produce a magnetic field with north and south poles. The magnetic forces between the coils on the train and the coils in the guideway can be made to attract or repel each other by changing their polarity.

這種列車(chē)通過(guò)磁力進(jìn)行推進(jìn)、懸浮、制動(dòng)。一些特制的磁線圈安裝于火車(chē)的主體結(jié)構(gòu)中，其他的磁線圈被安裝于支撐列車(chē)的U形鐵軌的底部和側(cè)面。通電后，列車(chē)及鐵軌的磁線圈將產(chǎn)生南北極磁場(chǎng)。列車(chē)及鐵軌的磁線圈生成的磁力會(huì)相互吸引或相互排斥。

Low maintenance is another advantage of the maglev train because of the fact that the maglev has no moving motor parts or steel wheels as conventional trains do. This factor virtually eliminates guideway wear and tear and prevents costly break-downs. In addition， much less time will be spent on equipment inspection， track repair and parts replacement.

低維修率也是磁懸浮列車(chē)的一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)，因?yàn)樗鼈儾幌駛鹘y(tǒng)列車(chē)有活動(dòng)的部分或鋼輪。事實(shí)上，這減少了鋼軌的摩擦與損耗，不會(huì)形成高昂的維修費(fèi)用。此外，設(shè)備檢查、鐵軌維修、零件更換也無(wú)需太多時(shí)間。