肖娜,曹波,劉斌,王火,高穎,姚立夫,魏路清
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五味子提取物對(duì)百草枯中毒模型小鼠肺纖維化的保護(hù)作用
肖娜1,曹波2,劉斌3,王火3,高穎2,姚立夫2,魏路清3
目的探討五味子提取物對(duì)百草枯(PQ)中毒模型小鼠肺纖維化的保護(hù)作用,并探討其機(jī)制。方法108只小鼠按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為正常對(duì)照組,模型組,五味子提取物低劑量組(200 mg/kg)、中劑量組(400 mg/kg)、高劑量組(800 mg/kg)及維生素C組(100 mg/kg),每組18只。除正常對(duì)照組以外的小鼠行一次性PQ溶液(100 mg/kg)灌胃造模,造模成功后每24 h給予相應(yīng)劑量藥物1次,分別在建模后第7、14、21天處死小鼠,每個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)6只。解剖肺臟,HE染色觀察小鼠肺組織炎癥程度并進(jìn)行炎癥評(píng)分;Masson染色觀察肺組織纖維化程度;RT-PCR和酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(ELISA)分別檢測(cè)各組肺組織中轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子(TGF)-β1、白細(xì)胞介素(IL)-6、IL-17 mRNA及蛋白表達(dá)水平。結(jié)果(1)造模后第7天和第14天,模型組小鼠肺組織出現(xiàn)大量炎性細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)、肺泡間隔充血,炎癥評(píng)分較正常對(duì)照組升高(P<0.05),而五味子提取物中、高劑量組小鼠肺組織炎癥評(píng)分較模型組和維生素C組降低(P<0.05)。(2)造模后第14天和第21天,五味子中、高劑量組小鼠肺組織纖維化程度較模型組降低(P<0.05)。(3)隨著造模時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),模型組TGF-β1 mRNA及蛋白表達(dá)水平升高,IL-6表達(dá)降低,IL-17則先升高后降低。五味子提取物中、高劑量組與模型組比較,造模后第7天和第14天,IL-6表達(dá)降低,造模后第14天和第21天,TGF-β1表達(dá)降低,而3個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)IL-17表達(dá)均降低(P<0.05)。結(jié)論五味子提取物可通過抑制TGF-β1、IL-6和IL-17的表達(dá)來減輕PQ中毒造成的炎癥反應(yīng)和肺纖維化。
五味子;百草枯;肺纖維化;轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子β1;白細(xì)胞介素-6;白細(xì)胞介素-17
1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物4周齡SPF級(jí)雄性昆明小鼠108只,體質(zhì)量18~20 g,由北京維通利華實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物技術(shù)有限公司提供,許可證編號(hào):SCXK(京)2012-0001。
1.2藥品與試劑北五味子醇提取物購(gòu)自西安源森生物科技有限公司,規(guī)格:五味子乙素+五味子甲素+五味子醇甲3%;PQ液體購(gòu)自上海滬聯(lián)生物藥業(yè)有限公司,200 g/L;維生素C注射液購(gòu)自天津金耀藥業(yè)有限公司,0.1 g/mL;HE染色與Masson染色試劑盒購(gòu)自南京建成生物工程研究所;逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒購(gòu)自北京天根(TIANGEN)技術(shù)有限公司;PCR引物由北京奧科鼎盛生物科技有限公司合成;小鼠轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子(TGF)-β1、白細(xì)胞介素(IL)-6、IL-17酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(ELISA)試劑盒購(gòu)自美國(guó)R&D公司。
1.3小鼠肺纖維化模型的建立及藥物干預(yù)將108只小鼠按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為正常對(duì)照組,模型組,3個(gè)劑量的五味子提取物組(低劑量組,200 mg/kg;中劑量組,400 mg/kg;高劑量組,800 mg/kg)和維生素C組(100 mg/kg),每組18只。正常對(duì)照組給予蒸餾水灌胃,其余各組采用PQ液體(100 mg/kg)一次性灌胃造模。造模后五味子提取物組和維生素C組每隔24 h給予相應(yīng)劑量的五味子提取物及維生素C灌胃,正常對(duì)照組及模型組給予等劑量蒸餾水,在連續(xù)給藥至第7天、第14天、第21天時(shí)分別處死小鼠,每組每個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)6只。
1.4肺組織HE染色、Masson染色及評(píng)價(jià)摘取小鼠右肺上葉,用4%中性甲醛固定,石蠟包埋,切片后進(jìn)行HE染色和Masson染色。肺組織HE染色后按Szapiel等[7]報(bào)道的方法對(duì)各組小鼠肺組織切片進(jìn)行病理學(xué)炎癥評(píng)分。Masson染色后呈綠色為膠原纖維,用Image-Pro Plus軟件隨機(jī)連續(xù)讀取5個(gè)視野,計(jì)算陽(yáng)性面積百分比(綠染膠原面積/組織整體面積)作為肺纖維化程度的半定量參數(shù)。
1.5 RT-PCR法檢測(cè)各指標(biāo)mRNA的表達(dá)TRIzol法提取總mRNA,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄為cDNA后行PCR反應(yīng)。反應(yīng)條件:94℃4 min;94℃30 s,55~59℃35 s,72℃30 s,34個(gè)循環(huán);72℃10 min。凝膠自動(dòng)成像系統(tǒng)觀察電泳結(jié)果,Quantity One軟件分析目的片段與內(nèi)參的光密度值,將兩者比值作為目的基因的相對(duì)表達(dá)量,每個(gè)樣本重復(fù)3次。目的基因引物序列、產(chǎn)物大小及退火溫度見表1。
Tab. 1 Neuclotid sequences,anneling tempratures and products size for primers used in RT-PCR表1 RT-PCR使用的引物序列、產(chǎn)物大小及退火溫度
1.6 ELISA檢測(cè)TGF-β1、IL-6、IL-17蛋白表達(dá)水平稱取各組肺組織100 mg,加入1 mL PBS(pH=7.4),采用勻漿器充分勻漿,4℃2 000 r/min離心20 min后收集上清。采用ELISA檢測(cè)各組TGF-β1、IL-6、IL-17水平,具體實(shí)驗(yàn)過程參照試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行。最后應(yīng)用酶標(biāo)儀檢測(cè)各組樣本450 nm處的光密度(OD)值,根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線計(jì)算蛋白表達(dá)水平。
1.7統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)量資料采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x ±s)表示,多組比較采用單因素方差分析,組間多重比較采用LSD-t法。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 HE染色及炎癥評(píng)分除正常對(duì)照組外,其余各組小鼠肺組織在造模后均出現(xiàn)不同程度的炎性細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),肺泡間隔充血、增厚,肺組織結(jié)構(gòu)受損。在造模后第7天和第14天,模型組小鼠炎癥評(píng)分較正常對(duì)照組升高,五味子提取物中、高劑量組炎癥評(píng)分低于模型組及維生素C組(P<0.05),造模后第21天,僅高劑量組的炎癥評(píng)分低于模型組和維生素C組(P<0.05),見圖1、表2。
A:正常對(duì)照組;B:模型組;C:低劑量組;D:中劑量組;E:高劑量組;F:維生素C組Fig. 1 Pathological changes of lungtissues in different groups(HE,×200)圖1 各組小鼠肺組織病理圖(HE染色,×200)
Tab. 2 Comparison of inflammation scores at each time point between different groups表2 各個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)各組小鼠肺炎癥評(píng)分比較
2.2 Masson染色及纖維化程度分析造模后第7天,模型組小鼠肺組織無明顯膠原纖維形成,第14天可見少量膠原纖維形成,至第21天時(shí)可見大量膠原纖維形成,肺組織纖維化程度明顯升高。造模后第14天,模型組小鼠肺組織纖維化程度明顯高于正常對(duì)照組,而五味子提取物中、高劑量組則低于模型組。在造模后第21天,除正常對(duì)照組外,高劑量組纖維化程度明顯低于其他4組,中劑量五味子提取物降低纖維化效果與維生素C效果相當(dāng)(P>0.05),見圖2、表3。
A:正常對(duì)照組;B:模型組;C:低劑量組;D:中劑量組;E:高劑量組;F:維生素C組Fig. 2 Pathological changes of lungtissues in different groups(Masson,×200)圖2 各組小鼠肺組織病理圖(Masson染色,×200)
Tab. 3 Comparison of percentages of fiber positive area at each time point between different groups表3 各個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)各組小鼠肺纖維化程度比較
2.3各組TGF-β1、IL-6、IL-17 mRNA表達(dá)水平比較模型組TGF-β1 mRNA表達(dá)水平隨時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)而升高,于造模后第21天達(dá)到峰值;IL-6 mRNA表達(dá)水平在造模后第7天達(dá)到峰值,此后隨時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)而降低;IL-17 mRNA表達(dá)水平隨時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)先上升后下降,在造模后第14天達(dá)到峰值,見圖3、表4。在造模后各個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn),模型組TGF-β1、IL-6、IL-17 mRNA表達(dá)水平均較正常對(duì)照組增加(P<0.05),五味子提取物低、中、高劑量組均可降低小鼠TGF-β1、IL-6、IL-17 mRNA表達(dá)水平,且高劑量組在降低上述細(xì)胞因子表達(dá)的效果優(yōu)于維生素C組(均P<0.05),見圖3、表4。
2.4 TGF-β1、IL-6、IL-17蛋白表達(dá)水平比較模型組TGF-β1、IL-6及IL-17蛋白表達(dá)的變化與其mRNA水平基本一致。造模后第14天和21天,五味子提取物低、中、高劑量組TGF-β1蛋白表達(dá)水平較模型組降低(P<0.05),同時(shí)在造模后21天,五味子提取物低、中、高劑量組TGF-β1蛋白表達(dá)水平均低于維生素C組。在造模后第7天和第14天,中、高劑量組IL-6蛋白表達(dá)水平低于模型組,在造模后第7天,高劑量組低于維生素C組,而造模后第7天和第14天,3個(gè)劑量組的IL-17蛋白表達(dá)水平均較模型組降低(P<0.05),見表5。
Fig. 3 TGF-β1,IL-6 and IL-17 mRNA expressions in lungtissue of mice at each time point in different groups 圖3不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)各組TGF-β1、IL-6、IL-17 mRNA表達(dá)變化
Tab. 4 Comparison of expressions of TGF-β1,IL-6 and IL-17 mRNA in lung tissue of mice between different groups表4 各組小鼠肺組織TGF-β1、IL-6和IL-17 mRNA表達(dá)水平比較?。▁ ±s)
Tab. 5 Comparison of TGF-β1,IL-6 and IL-17 contents in lung tissue of mice between different groups表5 各組小鼠肺組織TGF-β1、IL-6和IL-17蛋白表達(dá)水平比較?。╪g/L,x ±s)
近年來,有研究指出維生素C具有一定的抗PQ中毒作用[8]。但是單純抗氧化對(duì)PQ中毒纖維化治療作用有限,這可能與不同時(shí)期PQ中毒的病理反應(yīng)不同有關(guān)[9]。另有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道PQ中毒早期會(huì)出現(xiàn)氧化應(yīng)激,引發(fā)炎癥反應(yīng)[10]。五味子作為一種傳統(tǒng)中藥材,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)其提取物具有很好的抗炎、抗氧化作用,其抗氧化能力較維生素E強(qiáng),與維生素C相當(dāng)[11-12]。目前已發(fā)現(xiàn)五味子提取物能夠改善肝纖維化大鼠的肝功能,可起到很好的抗纖維化作用[13]。本文主要探討五味子提取物對(duì)PQ致肺損傷的影響。
PQ中毒大鼠肺部組織早期出現(xiàn)肺泡上皮細(xì)胞受損,肺泡腔有紅細(xì)胞及炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),同時(shí)其血清中IL-6表達(dá)升高[14-15]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在PQ造模后第7天,模型組肺組織結(jié)構(gòu)受損嚴(yán)重,大量炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn);同時(shí)IL-6 mRNA及蛋白表達(dá)明顯升高,與上述結(jié)果一致。從病理切片上觀察,五味子提取物能減少PQ中毒早期小鼠肺泡上皮受損,降低肺組織炎癥評(píng)分,提示在PQ中毒早期,五味子提取物對(duì)肺組織具有明顯的抗炎作用,且高劑量五味子提取物抗炎效果明顯優(yōu)于維生素C。
PQ中毒晚期肺組織主要表現(xiàn)為肺泡間質(zhì)增寬,細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)增生,形成廣泛的肺間質(zhì)纖維化[16]。TGF-β是典型的纖維化因子,有研究指出特發(fā)性肺纖維化患者肺組織中IL-17的表達(dá)明顯增加[17];而Veldhoen等[18]發(fā)現(xiàn)TGF-β必須與IL-6的結(jié)合才能刺激輔助性T細(xì)胞(TH17細(xì)胞)分泌IL-17,進(jìn)而激活T細(xì)胞,刺激內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞和成纖維細(xì)胞增生[19]。本研究顯示PQ中毒早期IL-6表達(dá)水平最高,中毒中期IL-17高表達(dá),而TGF-β1在PQ中毒后期明顯升高,證實(shí)了TGF-β與IL-6的結(jié)合能促進(jìn)IL-17的分泌。另外從病理切片上可見五味子提取物能減少PQ中毒后期膠原纖維形成,降低肺纖維化程度。從分子機(jī)制上五味子提取物能降低中期IL-17和后期TGF-β1 mRNA及蛋白表達(dá)水平,符合PQ中毒中、后期肺組織纖維化為主的病理學(xué)表現(xiàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)五味子提取物能明顯抗PQ中毒后期肺纖維化,且高劑量五味子提取物抗纖維化的效果明顯優(yōu)于維生素C。
綜上所述,五味子提取物可通過抑制IL-6、TGF-β1和IL-17的表達(dá)來減輕PQ中毒所致肺纖維化。
(圖1、2見插頁(yè))
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(2015-10-10收稿2015-12-30修回)
(本文編輯胡小寧)
Protection of Schisandra chinensis extract in paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice
XIAO Na1,CAO Bo2,LIU Bin3,WANG Huo3,GAO Ying2,YAO Lifu2,WEI Luqing3
1 the Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese Armed Police Forces,Postgraduate Training Base of Liaoning Medical University,Tianjin 300162,China;2 Logistics University of Chinese Armed Police Forces;3 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,the Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese Armed Police Forces Corresponding Author E-mail:luqing-wei@163.com
Objective To explore the protective effcets of Schisandra chinensis extract(SCE)in paraquat(PQ)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice,and its intrinsic molecular mechanisms thereof. Methods A total of 108 mice were randomly allocated into six groups(n=18):control group,model group,low concentration of SCE group(200 mg/kg),medium concentration of SCE group(400 mg/kg),high concentration of SCE group(800 mg/kg)and vitamin C group(100 mg/kg). Except control group,mice were given by intragastric administration with PQ(100 mg/kg)and administered with SCE and Vitamin C once per 24 h after PQ modeling. Mice were sacrificed at 7,14 and 21 d after modeling. Six mice were executed at different time points. The degree of lung tissue inflammation and fibrosis were observed by HE staining and Masson staining. The mRNA and protein expression levels of transforming growth(TGF)-β1,interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-17 in lung tissue were determined by RT-PCR and ELISA respectively. Results(1)Compared with control group,the lung tissue of model group showed a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration,space congestion,and its inflammation scores increased at 7 and 14 days after modeling(P<0.05). At the same time,compared with model group and vitamin C group,inflammation scores were significantly decreased in medium concentration of SCE group and high concentration of SCE group(P<0.05).(2)Compared with control group,collagen fibersand the degree of fibrosis were significantly increased in model group,while pulmonary fibrosis were decreased in medium concentration of SCE group and high concentration of SCE group at 14 and 21 days after modeling(P<0.05).(3)With the extension of modeling time,both mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 were obviously elevated,IL-6 decreased and IL-17 reduced after the first increase in PQ group. Compared with PQ group,levels of three cytokines mRNA and protein expression in medium concentration of SCE group and high concentration of SCE group changed as follows:IL-6 level was markedly decreased at 7 and 14 days after modeling;TGF-β1 level was markedly increased at 14 and 21 days after modeling. However,IL-17 level was markedly decrease at three time points(P<0.05). Conclusion SCE can relieve PQ-induced lunginflammation and fibrosis by suppressing TGF-β1,IL-6,and IL-17 expressions.
Schisandra chinensis;Paraquat;pulmonary fibrosis;transforming growth factor-β1;interleukin-6;interleukin-17百草枯(PQ)是一種有機(jī)除草劑,人體接觸PQ中毒后會(huì)導(dǎo)致多器官損傷。肺是PQ的主要靶器官,因Ⅱ型肺泡上皮細(xì)胞存在的多胺轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)系統(tǒng)能將血液中的PQ聚集于肺部,使得肺組織中PQ濃度是血液中的90倍之多[1-2]。既往研究發(fā)現(xiàn),PQ中毒早期( 7 d)肺組織處于彌漫性炎癥反應(yīng)階段,中期(8~14 d)為增生階段,可見纖維形成,后期(>14 d)則進(jìn)入不可逆的纖維瘢痕期[3-4]。五味子[Schisandra chinensis(Turcz.)Baill.]屬藤本木蘭科植物,現(xiàn)代藥理研究發(fā)現(xiàn)五味子提取物中的有效成份具有抗炎、抗纖維化的作用,同時(shí)對(duì)細(xì)胞缺氧損傷有保護(hù)作用[5-6]。本文重點(diǎn)研究五味子提取物對(duì)PQ中毒小鼠肺纖維化形成的影響,并探討其機(jī)制。
R563,R979.3
A
10.11958/20150212
天津市應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)與前沿技術(shù)研究計(jì)劃青年項(xiàng)目(14JCQNJC10300);武警后勤學(xué)院院級(jí)科學(xué)基金(WHM201308)
1遼寧醫(yī)學(xué)院中國(guó)人民武裝警察部隊(duì)后勤學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院研究生培養(yǎng)基地(郵編300162);2中國(guó)人民武裝警察部隊(duì)后勤學(xué)院;3中國(guó)人民武裝警察部隊(duì)后勤學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院呼吸與危重癥醫(yī)學(xué)科
肖娜(1988),女,碩士在讀,主要從事急診與呼吸危重癥研究
E-mail:luqing-wei@163.com