肖虹妍
【摘要】全國普通高考英語試卷新增語法填空題,它既考查考生對(duì)語篇的整體把握與理解,也考查考生分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),熟練運(yùn)用語法知識(shí)的能力,命題中通常會(huì)有純空格題和有提示詞題兩種題型。本文分析了答題技巧,希望幫助廣大考生更好地完成語法填空題。
【關(guān)鍵詞】高考英語 語法填空題 答題技巧
【中圖分類號(hào)】G633.41 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A 【文章編號(hào)】2095-3089(2016)05-0109-02
語法填空是通過語篇或?qū)υ捲谡Z境中考察語法知識(shí)的運(yùn)用能力,因此我們?cè)诮忸}前應(yīng)快速瀏覽短文或?qū)υ?,掌握大意,?duì)有把握的空格可以先進(jìn)行填寫。在讀懂短文的基礎(chǔ)上再結(jié)合短文提供的特定的語言環(huán)境去逐句分析逐題解答。
一、語法填空考查的內(nèi)容與特點(diǎn):
1.語法填空主要考查哪方面的內(nèi)容?
①語法和詞匯(考試重點(diǎn))②上下文連貫性(語境)
2.語法填空命題特點(diǎn)是什么?
二、下面按題型設(shè)計(jì)分三種情況
1.純空格試題的解題技巧
純空格填空題主要是填冠詞、介詞、代詞、連接詞(含從屬連詞和并列連詞)等虛詞。
首先,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)句子所缺成分確定填哪類詞。然后,根據(jù)句子意思,確定具體填什么詞;或根據(jù)兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系確定具體用哪個(gè)連詞。共有以下幾個(gè)技巧:
技巧1:在簡單句和并列句中,若句子缺主語或賓語,一般是填代詞。
例1:There is a book on the desk, and __1__ is mine.
技巧2:名詞前面,若沒有限定詞(冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞等),很可能是填限定詞。
例2:It is said that a short?鄄tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help __2__ rice crop grow up quickly.
技巧3:名詞或代詞在句中不作主語、表語或動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí),其前面一定是填介詞。
例3:…who should have the honour of receiving me __3__ a guest in their house.
技巧4: 若兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞或短語之間沒有連詞,可能是填連詞。
例4:…two world?鄄famous artists, Pablo Picasso__4__Cabdido Poitinari, which are worth millions of dollars.
技巧5:若兩個(gè)句子(即兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu))之間沒有連詞,也沒有分號(hào)或句號(hào),一定是填并列連詞(連接并列的句子)或從屬連詞(連接定語從句、名詞性從句和狀語從句)。
例5:The greatest magician of all time was Harry Houdini __5__ died in 1926.
例6:He was very tired after doing thus for a whole day, __6__ he felt very happy.
技巧6: 由特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷空格應(yīng)填的詞。
(1)由it is … that… 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的形式,判斷it 還是that。判斷方法:去掉it is…that…結(jié)構(gòu),句子還是一個(gè)完整的句子就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。
(2)由it 作形式主語或形式賓語的句式判斷,空格是否填it。
例7:…and __7__ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG (味精).
例8:… as __8__ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two words?鄄famous artists.
例9:Dating sites also makes __9__ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.
(3)在倒裝句式中通常填only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not until…等詞。
例10:__10__ with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.
(4)so/such …that…句型
例11:This made the goat so jealous __11__ it began plotting against the donkey.
(5)more …than…(與其說……不如說……,比……更……)句型。
例12:Cynthias story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares __12__ how much he pays.
2.給出了動(dòng)詞的試題解題技巧
首先,判斷要填的動(dòng)詞是謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞。然后按照以下兩點(diǎn)進(jìn)行思考。
技巧7:若句子沒有別的謂語動(dòng)詞,或者雖然已有謂語動(dòng)詞,但需填的動(dòng)詞與之是并列關(guān)系時(shí),所給動(dòng)詞就是謂語動(dòng)詞;若是謂語動(dòng)詞,就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。
例13:When I die, I __13__ (give) everything to you.
例14:That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, __14__(close) my book and walked away.
例15:In Loganm three people __15__(take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic.
例16:Being too anxious to help an event develop often __16__(result) the contrary to our intention.(2008年廣東高考語法填空)
例17:Now, Valentines Day is __17__(celebrate) in many countries around the world.
技巧8: 若句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞,又不是并列謂語時(shí),所給動(dòng)詞就是非謂語動(dòng)詞。若是非謂語動(dòng)詞就要確定是v?鄄ing形式,?鄄ed形式,還是不定式,確定的方法主要有:
(1)作主語或賓語,通常用v?鄄ing 形式表示習(xí)慣或一般情況,用不定式表示具體情況。
例18:…but it is not enough only __18__(memorize) rules from a grammar book.
例19:__19__(speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary…
(2)作目的狀語或在形容詞后作狀語,一般用不定式。
例20:__20__(complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day.
(3)作伴隨狀語,通常用分詞,若與邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞(v-ing);若是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,用過去分詞(-ed)。
例21:He saw the stone, __21__(say) to himself: “the night will be very dark.”
例22:The headmaster went into the lab, __22__(follow) by the foreign guests.
技巧9: 動(dòng)詞的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換主要作主語、賓語和定語。
例23:There are __23__(comfort) feelings often as any kind of physical pain.
例24:They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building __24__ (equip) to dig holes.
例25:These people have made great __25__(contribute) to China with their work.
3.詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題的解題技巧
這類題主要是考查名詞、形容詞和副詞,根據(jù)該詞在句中所作句子成分確定用那種形式,具體技巧有以下三種。
技巧10: 作表語(在系動(dòng)詞之后)、定語(修飾名詞)或賓補(bǔ)(表性質(zhì)狀態(tài)),通常用形容詞形式。
例26:The youngster immediately fell __26__(silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.
例27:Teachers must try their best to make most of their students __27__(interest) in the subject.
技巧11: 修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞,或整個(gè)句子,作狀語,用副詞形式。
例28:As I looked __28__(close) at this girl, I found that…
例29: __29__(fortune),the guest escaped unharmed.
技巧12: 有的詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題,詞類或詞性不一定要變,主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞,需要句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系,在詞根前加un?鄄, im?鄄, in?鄄等,在詞根后加?鄄less等。
例30: People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is __30__(use).
例31:Your mistake caused a lot of __31__(necessary) work in the office.
技巧13: 括號(hào)中所給詞若是形容詞或副詞,有可能考查其比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。
例32:The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could… he jumped even __32__(hard) and nearly made himself out.
例33:The __33__(bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said.
例34:…, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” __34__ (high).
以上僅對(duì)語法填空中的主要情況進(jìn)行了概括,在做語法填空題時(shí),還應(yīng)注意英語中的固定句型、固定搭配等。
語法填空答題技巧參考答案:
1.it 2.his 3.as 4.and 5.who 6.but 7.it 8.it 9.it 10.Only 11.that 12.than 13.will give 14.closed 15.were taken 16.results in 17. celebrated 18.to memorize 19.Speaking 20.To complete 21.saying 22.followed 23.uncomfortable 24.equipment 25.contributions 26. silent 27.interested 28.closely 29.Fortunately 30.useless 31. unnecessary 32.harder 33.worst 34.higher