【名師簡介】昝亞娟,河南省首批中小學正高級教師,河南師范大學教育碩士指導教師,鄭州市首屆十大杰出教師,鄭州首批名師工作室主持人,河南省級名師,河南省中小學教師教育專家。
臨近高考,你還在海量刷題獲取經驗值嗎?由于高考所考查的基礎知識都源自高中教材,因此考生務必回歸教材,對高中階段所學的英語知識進行系統(tǒng)的回顧和梳理?;貧w課本進行系統(tǒng)復習時,考生應從以下幾個方面入手:
01回歸教材之詞匯、短語
由于大多數(shù)英語單詞和詞組在教材中反復出現(xiàn),并且高考也是取材于課本,因此閱讀課文是復習詞匯和短語的有效途徑。
【教材原句】The latter gave a separate identity to Am-erican English spelling.(人教必修Book 1 P10)
【譯文】后者使美式英語的拼寫有了獨特的個性。
【考例1】He gave himself a new name to hide his ___ when he went to carry out the secret task.(2015湖北)
A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasure
【教材原句】Just as I tried to make the necessary adju-stment to this new situation, Wang Ping appeared. (人教必修Book 5 P18)
【譯文】正當我盡量做出調整,以適應新環(huán)境時,王平出現(xiàn)了。
【考例2】Some schools will have to make ________ in agreement with the national soccer reform.(2015江蘇)
A. judgments B. adjustments
C. comments D. Achievements
【教材原句】I think its important to have a balance between study and a social life, so Im going to join a few clubs.(人教選修 Book 7 P 39)
【譯文】我認為,在學習和社交方面保持平衡很重要,因此我打算加入幾個社團。
【考例3】When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his _______ and had a bad fall.(2015湖北)
A. balance B. chance C. memory D. place
考生習慣拿著英語單詞表或字典來背單詞,其實,記單詞最有效的方法就是在語境中記憶單詞和詞組,堅持“詞不離句,句不離文”。值得注意的是,考生應關注常用的實詞(名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞)的詞形變化,一則是寫作時,考生需要考慮單詞的詞性,二則是語法填空題要考查單詞的變形。
例如,在復習動詞concern時,考生需要掌握名詞、動詞和相關的詞形變化。充當動詞時,concern意為“使擔憂,涉及,關系到”;充當名詞時,意為“擔心,關心”。它的形容詞是concerned,意為“擔心的,被牽連的”;介詞concerning意為“關于,就……而言”。常用詞組有be concerned about=show concern about“對……關心”。習慣用語有as far as one is concerned,意為“就某人而言”。
例句:Dont interfere in what doesnt concern you.不要干預與自己無關的事。There is growing concern about violence on television. 人們對電視上充斥著暴力內容的憂慮日益加重。The loss was a tragedy for all concerned. 對有關各方來說,這個損失都是極大的不幸。Everyone who was directly concerned in the incident has now resigned. 所有與該事件有直接牽連的人都已辭職。He asked several questions concerning the future of the company. 他詢問了一些關于公司未來發(fā)展的問題。
小編畫外音:
瘋狂記單詞的五大技巧
1.用“三最法”狂讀背單詞
“默默無聞”地背單詞效果極其低下,考生可以用“三最法”狂讀狂背每個單詞。背單詞的時候,一定要做到最大聲、最清晰、最快速。當你用“三最法”背誦單詞時,你的注意力會高度集中,記憶的效率會大大提高。此外,你不僅記住了單詞,還鍛煉了國際口腔肌肉!
2.同義反義背單詞
看到一個單詞的時候,你可以聯(lián)想到它的同義詞或近義詞,通過對比辨析,掌握背誦的用法;看到一個單詞的時候,可以聯(lián)想到它的反義詞,一正一反,成雙成對來記憶。用這種對比法來記單詞,印象會更加深刻!
3.同聲傳譯背單詞
看著單詞脫口而出它的中文意思,看著中文意思脫口而出這個單詞?;蛘哒埬愕耐瑢W說出單詞,你立刻脫口而出中文意思;說出單詞的中文意思,你立刻脫口而出這個單詞。通過中英文快速互譯的方法背單詞,效果特別好,同時還可以鍛煉你的口譯能力。
4.通過句子背單詞
孤立地背單詞只能是“背了記,忘了背,背了又忘”!所以,在句子中記住的單詞才是有生命的單詞,才能牢記單詞的意思和用法,才能與之建立感情,才會讓你記憶深刻。更重要的是,通過脫口而出的句子來背單詞,你不但積累了單詞量,更積累了句子量,句子量比單詞量更重要!
5.通過短文背單詞
一篇短文里面包含了大量有用的單詞和短語,通過背誦短文可以大面積地“消滅”單詞!而且,在短文中你可以牢牢記住單詞的意思和用法。更重要的是,通過背誦短文,以后你就能夠大段大段地講英語了,這才是我們學習英語的最終目的。
02回歸教材之經典句式
自2014年起,英語新課標卷采用語法填空題代替了傳統(tǒng)的單項選擇題,更加注重在具體的語境中考查英語詞匯和語法知識。其實,高頻基礎知識考點都分散在各冊教材之中,所以回歸教材是復習語法知識、夯實基礎的有效策略之一。因此,考生要對教材內容非常熟悉,并能背誦一些經典例句,那么在考試過程中就能正確分析句子結構,準確理解句意。
請看下面兩道高考真題和人教版英語教材中的典型例句的對比:
【教材原句】Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.
【譯文】自從高中起,姐姐和我就一直夢想進行一次偉大的自行車旅行。
【考例1】—Where is Peter? I cant find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and his essay there ever since. (2015福建)
A. wrote B. had written
C. has been writing D. is writing
【名師點睛】答語中含有ever since,意為“從那時到現(xiàn)在”。當句中含有ever since, since then, since...等時間狀語時,應用現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時。
【教材原句】But once picked up, they tried to bite me. (人教選修Book 8 P20)
【譯文】但是,一旦靠近,它們就試圖咬我。
【考例2】If _________for the job, youll be informed soon.(2015北京)
A. to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted
【名師點睛】本題考查“連詞+過去分詞”結構。逗號前的部分相當于一個狀語從句If (you are) accepted for the job 的省略。在英語中,當從句的主語和主句的主語一致時,如果從句含有助動詞或系動詞be,從句的主語和be可省略,只保留“連詞+過去分詞/現(xiàn)在分詞”。答案:D。
此外,強調句式是高考???、易錯的考點,在教材中也反復出現(xiàn)。
【教材原句】I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spell bound.(人教必修Book 1 P2)
【譯文】我清晰地記得,曾經有一段時期,在湛藍的天空中,鳥兒唱著動聽的歌,月光皎潔,花香四溢,但這一切都不能使我神魂顛倒。
【考例3】As the smallest child of his family, Alex is al- ways longing for the time he should be able to be independent. (2015陜西)
A. which B. where C. whom D. when
【名師點睛】從題干的句子結構可知,先行詞time后面是一個定語從句,從句缺少時間狀語,因此空白處應填關系副詞when。
【教材原句】This unit is a play based on a short story by an American writer—Mark Twain.
【譯文】本單元是一部根據(jù)美國作家馬克·吐溫的短篇小說改編的戲劇。
【考例4】A study of travelers 68 (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. (2015全國新課標Ⅰ卷)
【名師點睛】 從題干的句子結構來看,句子的主語是A study of travelers,謂語部分為names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world??崭裉帒頲onducted,為過去分詞做定語。但是,有些考生誤填was conducted或 is conducted??忌鷳宄粍诱Z態(tài)和過去分詞做定語的區(qū)別。過去分詞做定語的一般形式:名詞+過去分詞,過去分詞修飾名詞,比如doors opened(打開的門)、eyes closed(閉上的眼)。被動語態(tài)的一般形式: be/get(等系動詞)+過去分詞,如be broken down(被損壞)、 be captured(被捕)。
小編畫外音:
其實,像這樣的經典例句在英語教材中比比皆是。不少考生都有這樣的焦慮:美文美句背了不少,上課老師說的都明白,可一到考試做題的時候就犯暈。這該怎么辦?這個時候就應回歸課本,弄清課本與題目之間的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系。其實只要考生平時能正確理解課文,分析教材中的經典例句,就能夠輕松應對高考試題,高考試題的難度一般不會超出教材的難度。
03回歸教材之書面表達
除了詞匯、短語和句子,課本中的文章也是考生在寫作文時可以借鑒的模板。不少考生都覺得自己的書面表達得分太低,分數(shù)提不上去,課本里的文章真的消化了嗎?如果只是機械地背,而不加以理解,對課本再怎么爛熟于心也是白搭。
下面這篇文章值得考生借鑒:
In recent years, it is common to see some students tear up their textbooks after taking the college entrance examination. I think there are some reasons behind this phenomenon.
First, buried in their lessons all day long, the students want to live a colorful life. They think tearing books is a good way to celebrate their graduation. Second, the students are under such great pressure that it is necessary to release pressure. It is understandable for students to vent their negative feelings when they graduate. However, schools dont offer the students some guidance on how to relieve pressure properly.
In conclusion, I dont think the students should tear up the textbooks. Instead, the textbooks should be recycled so that we can save the trees and protect the environment.
寫作技巧分析:
1.高級詞匯和短語
tear up 撕碎,phenomenon現(xiàn)象,(be)buried in專心于, live a colorful life 過著多彩的生活,release 釋放,graduation畢業(yè),understandable可理解的,negative 負面的,guidance 指導,relieve 緩解,under great pressure在巨大的壓力下,in conclusion總之,recycle回收利用,protect the environment保護環(huán)境。
復合句:
(1)賓語從句:
①I think there are some reasons behind this phenomenon;②They think tearing books is a good way to celebrate their graduation. ③I dont think the students should tear up the textbooks.
(2)狀語從句:
①結果狀語從句:the students are under such great pressure that it is necessary to release pressure;
②時間狀語從句:when they graduate.
(3)目的狀語從句:the textbooks should be recycled so that we can save the trees and protect the environment.
3. 非謂語動詞:
(1)動名詞短語做賓語:after taking the college entrance examination.
(2) 過去分詞做狀語:buried in their lessons all day long.
(3)動詞不定式短語做賓語:the students want to live a colorful life.
(4)動詞不定式短語做定語:tearing books is a good way to celebrate their graduation.
(5)動詞不定式短語做賓語:schools dont offer the students some guidance on how to relieve pressure properly.
4. 特殊句式:
it做形式主語:① it is common to see some students tear up their textbooks ;②it is necessary to release their pres-sure;③It is understandable for students to vent their negative feelings.