精確噴灌技術(shù)與產(chǎn)品2013年度課題技術(shù)總結(jié)報(bào)告

袁壽其 李久生 李紅 范永申 錢一超

摘 要：完成高比轉(zhuǎn)速多工況自吸噴灌機(jī)組的水力設(shè)計(jì)，通過(guò)預(yù)測(cè)泵內(nèi)部流場(chǎng)，水力性能已達(dá)到要求，采用空氣壓縮原理設(shè)計(jì)新型自吸裝置。采用間斷式旋轉(zhuǎn)碎水裝置改善低壓下噴頭噴灑均勻性，研究其工作原理，完成了新型低壓均勻噴灑噴頭的設(shè)計(jì)和試制。采用異型噴嘴技術(shù)改進(jìn)現(xiàn)有搖臂式噴頭低壓噴灑時(shí)的水力性能。完成高均勻性園林升降式射線噴頭結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。基本建立低壓阻尼噴頭關(guān)鍵部件的設(shè)計(jì)理論，提出一種新的阻尼裝置設(shè)計(jì)方案，初步完成數(shù)值模擬、樣機(jī)制作及性能測(cè)試。一種流量可調(diào)式噴頭產(chǎn)品成型。提出文丘里施肥器結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化方法，開發(fā)出一種柱塞式注肥泵。開發(fā)快速連接管件，構(gòu)建出1種固定移動(dòng)兩用軟管噴灌系統(tǒng)。研制出噴滴灌兩用自吸泵，開發(fā)出噴滴灌兩用灌溉機(jī)組。研制出草坪噴頭起落點(diǎn)精確定位裝置，開發(fā)出基于開環(huán)控制策略的變域噴灌系統(tǒng)控制器。一種多功能輕小型灌溉機(jī)組成型。搭建太陽(yáng)能水泵系統(tǒng)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)，建立光伏水泵系統(tǒng)出水量預(yù)測(cè)模型，提出太陽(yáng)能離心泵的水力優(yōu)化方法并編寫優(yōu)化算法，研制出1 kW可移動(dòng)式太陽(yáng)能智能灌溉系統(tǒng)。初步明確了大型噴灌機(jī)噴灌水肥運(yùn)移特征、產(chǎn)量空間變異與土壤特性之間的關(guān)系，初步確定了適用于集約化農(nóng)田的低能耗精確噴灌水肥管理模式，完成了大型噴灌機(jī)變量灌溉設(shè)施建設(shè)。

關(guān)鍵詞：精確噴灌裝備 低能耗多功能噴灌機(jī)組 高效太陽(yáng)能抽水灌溉系統(tǒng) 適用于集約化農(nóng)田的低能耗精確噴灌技術(shù)

Precision Irrigation Technology and Product of the Year 2013 Project Technical Report

Yuan Shouqi1 Li Jiusheng2 Li Hong1 Fan Yongshen3 Qian Yichao4

（1.Jiangsu University； 2.China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research； 3.Farmland Irrigation Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences； 4.Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences）

Abstract：The hydraulic design of self suction sprinkler irrigation system， which was high specific speed multi condition， was completed. The hydraulic performance has reached the requirements by predicting the internal flow field of pump. A new type of self suction device was designed using the air compression principle. The intermittent water device was used to improve the uniformity of low pressure sprayer. The research on its working principle was carried out. The design and manufacture of a new low pressure spraying nozzle were completed. The hydraulic performance of spraying at low pressure was improved using the special nozzle technology. The design of high uniformity garden lift ray nozzle structure was completed. Based on the design theory of the key part of low damping nozzle， a new design scheme of damping device was proposed. Numerical simulation， prototyping and performance test were completed preliminary. A type of adjustable flow nozzle can be molded. The Venturi injector structural optimization method was proposed and a plunger injector was developed. The quick connect fitting was developed and one kind of fixed as well as mobile irrigation system was constructed. The drip as well as spray irrigation self-priming pump and irrigation system were developed. The device of precision positioning lawn sprinkler landing point was developed. The controller for variable domain of sprinkler irrigation system based on open-loop control strategy was developed. A multifunctional small-sized irrigation system can be modeled. The solar water pump test system and a water demand forecast model were established. The hydraulic optimization method of algorithms for solar centrifugal pump was proposed. The 1 kW mobile solar intelligent irrigation system was developed. The relationship between water and fertilizer， migration characteristics and soil properties for the large sprinkler irrigation system was initially clear. The low energy precision irrigation water and fertilizer management mode which was suitable for intensive agricultural was determined. The construction of variable rate irrigation facilities for large-scale sprinkler irrigation system was completed.

Key Words：Precision irrigation equipment； Low energy consumption and multifunctional sprinkler irrigation system； High efficiency solar pumping irrigation system； Low energy precision irrigation technology is suitable for intensive farming

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