高考英語(yǔ)“書面表達(dá)”美文標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

張靜

【摘要】一篇優(yōu)秀的“書面表達(dá)”會(huì)讓考生在高考中得到較高的分?jǐn)?shù)。那么，考生如何才能寫出高分英語(yǔ)“書面表達(dá)”呢？筆者結(jié)合教學(xué)實(shí)踐認(rèn)為，考生在平時(shí)的練習(xí)時(shí)，就要加強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練文章的外在美、結(jié)構(gòu)美、詞匯美、句式美和銜接美?？忌绻茏龅竭@幾點(diǎn)要求，就會(huì)在高考中取得意想不到的成績(jī)。

【關(guān)鍵詞】高考 英語(yǔ)書面表達(dá) 美文

一、外在美

一篇優(yōu)秀的“書面表達(dá)”首先就是一件藝術(shù)品，書寫清楚，布局合理，字母大小勻稱，單詞間距適當(dāng)，沒(méi)有明顯修改痕跡，給人眼前為之一亮的感覺(jué)。會(huì)讓閱卷老師心中頓生美感和欣賞之情。

二、結(jié)構(gòu)美

一篇好的“書面表達(dá)”不能一段到底，應(yīng)有合理的段落層次，讓人感覺(jué)條理清晰。每一段落要有一個(gè)主題句和幾個(gè)支撐句?？忌鷮懽鲿r(shí)，可將文章分為三段，也就是我們?cè)诮虒W(xué)中主張的“三段式”：主題段提出問(wèn)題或論點(diǎn)，發(fā)展段圍繞主題討論、列出論據(jù)，結(jié)尾段得出結(jié)論。

Its useful and necessary to discuss learning habits. As we all know， good learning habits can make your study go to succeed. As a student， we should pay more attentions to our habits which we develop in our study.

Im sure “repeat” is a best habit. Do you develop the habit？ If we want to improve our study， we should repeat what the teachers taught us again and again， and then we can understand or remember the knowledge which the teachers demand us to master. How to develop the habit？ the first step， set a timetable， and stick to carry out the plan， dont stop.

When I do my homework， I often make mistakes with carelessness， how to overcome the shortage？ I think I should think about it over and over as long as I do my homework. And then I do it little by little. Maybe in this way I can correct my mistakes.

三、詞匯美

從“書面表達(dá)”的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)看，運(yùn)用高級(jí)詞匯對(duì)提高書面表達(dá)的“檔次”和得分至關(guān)重要。我們常常提到“亮點(diǎn)詞匯”，這不等于使用一些偏詞、怪詞，而是要使用一些生動(dòng)、具體、形象的詞語(yǔ)，并且要運(yùn)用得準(zhǔn)確得體。如“The job is very difficult to do.”不如表達(dá)成“The job is very challenging.”能顯示出考生深厚的語(yǔ)言功底。在閱讀時(shí)要注意積累富有表達(dá)力的詞匯。詞語(yǔ)的選擇也應(yīng)盡可能做到個(gè)性張揚(yáng)、標(biāo)新立異。在表達(dá)相同的意思時(shí)，表達(dá)方式的變換顯得尤為重要。選擇使用其恰當(dāng)?shù)耐x詞或詞組可反映出考生較強(qiáng)的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力，同時(shí)也避免使人感到單調(diào)和乏味。

四、句式美

句式單一、缺乏生氣的文章，哪怕無(wú)任何錯(cuò)誤也不可能得高分。精彩句式的合理使用會(huì)使本來(lái)結(jié)構(gòu)單一、語(yǔ)句乏味的文章極具可讀性。合并簡(jiǎn)單句使文章的語(yǔ)言由松散變得凝練。簡(jiǎn)單句雖然短小精悍，但在語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上，不能單一地只注重簡(jiǎn)單句的正確運(yùn)用，還應(yīng)多運(yùn)用一些并列句或復(fù)合句，使句式靈活多變。省略與替代交替使用，避免寫作時(shí)不必要的重復(fù)與累贅，使句子更簡(jiǎn)練、精確；主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句交替使用，使句子更具多樣性；分詞（短語(yǔ)）及with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)合使用，使得文章句子結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，描述形象生動(dòng)，為文章增色。請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)下面“書面表達(dá)” ：

Dear Tom，

How are you doing？ You asked me in your last letter about my plan for the coming summer vacation. I am sorry that I did not reply without delay. How I wish I would read and reply your email as soon as I received it. However， I was busy preparing for my final exam at that time， which is vital for me. As a result， I had no choice but to completely focus on my study， for which I am very sorry. I hope you can understand me.

During the holiday， I am going to do a part-time job. On the one hand， I can earn some money to reduce the burden of my family. On the other hand， I accumulate the social experience， which does good to my future life. At the same time， I will not forget to go over my lesson. I will spend a instructive holiday. How will you spend your holiday？ I hope you have a good time.

These are my plan for the summer vacation. Whats yours？ I am looking forward to your earliest reply.

Yours，

Li Hua

五、銜接美

有效地使用語(yǔ)句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊是高考“書面表達(dá)”重要的評(píng)分依據(jù)。為了使文章結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、自然流暢，給人以上下貫通、一氣呵成的感覺(jué)，段落之間要使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡語(yǔ)；句子之間要使用邏輯性合理的銜接詞。高考書面表達(dá)常用過(guò)渡性連接詞分類如下：

表示并列性詞語(yǔ)：either...or...，neither...nor...，or，as well as，and，both...and...

表示因果關(guān)系的連接性詞語(yǔ)：therefore，so，as a result，as a result of，because of，due to，owing to，thanks to…

表示時(shí)間順序的連接性詞語(yǔ)：at first，then，later，meanwhile，in the end，before long，for the first time…

表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連接性詞語(yǔ)：yet，but，while，on the contrary，however…

表示解釋說(shuō)明的連接性詞語(yǔ)：that is，that is to say，in other words，such as，for example…

表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的連接性詞語(yǔ)：whats more，besides，in addition，worses till，moreover，above all…

表示總結(jié)陳述的連接性詞語(yǔ)：in a word，on the whole，in short，briefly，in brief，to sum up，all in all…