考情速遞 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一直是高考的熱點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),在2014年和2015年全國(guó)卷的語(yǔ)法填空題中都有涉及。2016年多省市將使用全國(guó)卷,為此本文結(jié)合相關(guān)高考真題,通過對(duì)比的方式對(duì)部分非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查熱點(diǎn)進(jìn)行解讀。
Group 1
(1)(2015年新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)When a new day breaks,the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough______(cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time,they warm up again for the night.
(2)When a lake cools,the ______(cool) water at the surface flows to the bottom because of its greater density.
(3)The motor is allowed to start up only when the water ______ (cool) tank has been full of water.
【參考答案】 (1)to cool (2)cooled (3)cooling
【考點(diǎn)設(shè)置】 ①不定式的固定結(jié)構(gòu);②過去分詞作定語(yǔ);③動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)
【思路點(diǎn)撥】 題(1)根據(jù)enough看出是enough+to do結(jié)構(gòu)?,F(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示符合邏輯的結(jié)果,不定式表示結(jié)果常與only連用表示出乎意料的結(jié)果,或者用于too...to...,enough to...,so...as to等結(jié)構(gòu)中。題(2)由前面的狀語(yǔ)看出水已經(jīng)被cool,所以用過去分詞作前置定語(yǔ),句意是:當(dāng)湖泊降溫時(shí),湖面的冷水由于密度較大而流向湖底。題(3)根據(jù)full of water看出cool是tank的用途,用動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ),句意是:電動(dòng)機(jī)只有在冷卻水箱中充滿水后才允許起動(dòng)。
Group 2
(1)(2015年新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)Abercrombie Kent,a travel company in Hong Kong,says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people______(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
(2)(改編自2012年安徽卷)Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she were______(live) there,she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.
(3)(改編自2009年福建卷)According to the literary review,Shakespeare makes his charities______(live) through their language in his plays.
【參考答案】 (1) living (2) to live (3) live
【考點(diǎn)設(shè)置】 ①現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ);②be to do結(jié)構(gòu);③不定式作賓補(bǔ)省掉to的情況
【思路點(diǎn)撥】 題(1)live是不及物動(dòng)詞,且與被修飾詞people之間是主謂關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)。題(2)根據(jù)were和wouldn't看出是虛擬語(yǔ)氣,根據(jù)句意看出表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),if從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用were to do結(jié)構(gòu)?!癰e to+動(dòng)詞原形”中的be to用作情態(tài)習(xí)語(yǔ),這時(shí)的be to do表示 “計(jì)劃”、“安排”、“義務(wù)”、“應(yīng)該”、“可能”、“命運(yùn)”等。在if從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣中用were to do表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的情況。題(3)從make看出用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),由于不及物動(dòng)詞live不能用被動(dòng)形式,而且make的賓補(bǔ)也不用v-ing,所以用不定式,但是其跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中to要省掉。使役動(dòng)詞let,have,make跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要省掉to,如果用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則要帶上to。而使役動(dòng)詞get,force跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)需要帶to。注意make不跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ),而send sb.doing sth.表示“使某人做某事”,catch sb.doing sth.表示“撞見某人做某事”。
Group 3
(1)(2014年遼寧卷)Jonny:Be patient! Tai Chi______(call) “shadow boxing” in English.It asks you to act like water:to be flexible as well as strong.
(2)(改編自2014年山東卷)—Is Anne coming tomorrow?
—I don't think so.If she were to come,she______(call) me.
(3)(改編自2012年天津卷)We______(call) a taxi yesterday if Harold hadn't offered us a ride home.
(4)(改編自2014年全國(guó)大綱卷) (call) me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result.
(5)(改編自2014年四川卷)I'll be out for some time.In case anything important happens, (call) me up immediately.
(6)(改編自2012年江西卷)I've got into the habit of ______(call) in on my grandparents on my way home from school.
(7)(改編自2010年湖南卷)Listen! Do you hear someone ______(call) for help?
(8)(改編自2008年北京卷)—Have you read book ______ (call) Waiting for Anya?
—Who wrote it?
(9)(改編自2005年全國(guó)卷)—Did you tell Julia about the result?
—Oh,no,I forgot.I ______ (call) her now.
【參考答案】 (1)is called (2)would have called (3)would have called (4)Call (5)call (6)calling (7)calling (8)called (9)will call
【考點(diǎn)設(shè)置】 ①虛擬語(yǔ)氣的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;②時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài);③現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ);④過去分詞作定語(yǔ);⑤祈使句構(gòu)成形式
【思路點(diǎn)撥】 題(1)、 (2)、 (3)、 (4)、 (5)、 (9)根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)判定用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成句子。題(1)陳述事實(shí),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主謂之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);題(2)根據(jù)“我認(rèn)為她不會(huì)來(lái)”推出“要是她來(lái),就給我打過電話了”,主句表示與過去事實(shí)相反,用would have done結(jié)構(gòu);題(3)同題(2);題(4)是“祈使句+and+陳述句”;題(5) in case引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句,所以主句用動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成祈使句;題(9)表示臨時(shí)決定,用will do形式。題(6)介詞后跟賓語(yǔ),用動(dòng)名詞。題(7)根據(jù)listen看出表示正在進(jìn)行的事情,由hear看出是hear sb.doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu),用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。題(8)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ),book與call是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,被動(dòng)意義,用過去分詞。題(9)根據(jù)句意看出是表示臨時(shí)做出的決定,用will do形式。
Group 4
(1)(2014年新課標(biāo)I卷)While there are______(amaze) stories of instant transformation,for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river.
(2)(改編自2008年上海春招)These eighteenth—century oil paintings have been preserved so well that the visitors are greatly (amaze).
【參考答案】 (1)amazing (2) amazed
【考點(diǎn)設(shè)置】 ①表示情感的現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別;②分詞作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)
【思路點(diǎn)撥】 題(1) 修飾story用amaze的現(xiàn)在分詞,意思是“令人驚訝的”。 題(2) 句子主語(yǔ)指人,用amaze的過去分詞作表語(yǔ),意思是“感到驚訝的”。類似的動(dòng)詞有:exhaust,interest,embrass,astonish,surprise,tire,annoy,convince,delight,disappoint,discourage,disgust(使人厭惡),encourage,frighten,frustrate(使人沮喪),inspire,irritate(使人憤怒),move,please,puzzle,satisfy,terrify,touch(使人觸動(dòng)),worry等。
Group 5
(1)(改編自2014年江蘇卷)The lecture______(give),a lively question-and-answer session followed.
(2)(改編自2009年江西卷)______(give) the right kind of training ,these teenage soccer players may one day grow the international stars.
(3)(改編自2006年山東卷)Five people won the “China's Green Figure”award,a title______
(give) to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.
(4)(改編自2001年上海春招卷)______(give) blood if you can and many lives will be saved.
【參考答案】 (1)having been given/given (2)Given (3)given (4)Give
【考點(diǎn)設(shè)置】 ①分詞用于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu);②過去分詞作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ);③謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞辨析
【思路點(diǎn)撥】 題(1)根據(jù)前后句看出明顯有時(shí)間先后關(guān)系,即“報(bào)告結(jié)束后”,“接下來(lái)是現(xiàn)場(chǎng)提問時(shí)間”,句子中沒有連詞,根據(jù)名詞lecture判定用獨(dú)立主格,根據(jù)其與give之間的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或者過去分詞。題(2)根據(jù)前后關(guān)系看出表示條件,these teenage soccer players與give是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以用過去分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)。題(3) a title是“China's Green Figure”的同位語(yǔ),后面是定語(yǔ),give與a title是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,用表示被動(dòng)的過去分詞作定語(yǔ)。題(4)由if從句看出前面是主句,由于沒有主語(yǔ),因此用動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成祈使句。