本階段我們學(xué)習(xí)了名詞性從句,名詞性從句的主要考點(diǎn)有:名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞之間的區(qū)別,同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別,if引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句與引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別,it在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用,名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞的省略等?,F(xiàn)將它們的易錯(cuò)、易混點(diǎn)進(jìn)行總結(jié),希望對(duì)同學(xué)們的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。
【誤用1】Can you tell me how many students are there in your school?
【指正】are there改為there are。
【解讀】考查名詞性從句的語(yǔ)序。名詞性從句用陳述語(yǔ)序,尤其是直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),直接引語(yǔ)是問(wèn)句的時(shí)候,改為間接引語(yǔ)實(shí)際上就是賓語(yǔ)從句,要用陳述語(yǔ)序。
【典例】Some of them looked at him curiously and wondered what was the matter with him.
有幾個(gè)人好奇地望著他,弄不懂他要干什么。
She told me in detail how they overcame all the difficulties.
她詳細(xì)地告訴我他們是怎樣克服困難的。
【誤用2】You have to know that youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
【指正】that改為where。
【解讀】考查賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。及物動(dòng)詞know的后面是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞go,所以不需要賓語(yǔ),那么就不能用連接代詞。根據(jù)go的意思看出,應(yīng)該用作狀語(yǔ)的連接副詞where才可以表示“去哪里”,與后面的getting there對(duì)應(yīng)。句意:如果你打算計(jì)劃好去那里的最佳方案,你必須知道你將要去哪里。
【典例】For example,we can learn where they find water,store food,and obtain their nest-building materials.
例如,我們能夠了解到它們?cè)谀睦镎业剿瑑?chǔ)藏食物和得到它們建筑窩巢的材料。
【誤用3】I truly believe what beauty comes from within.
【指正】what改為that。
【解讀】考查賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),不作任何成分,只起連接作用,可以省略。what是連接代詞,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)其本身在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等成分。該句從句部分不缺少任何成分,所以用that引導(dǎo)。句意:我很相信美麗源自于內(nèi)心。
【典例】The manager said (that) he believed (that) the client would come next week.
經(jīng)理說(shuō)他相信客戶下周會(huì)來(lái)的。
The king said that such a brave soldier was worthy of reward.
國(guó)王說(shuō),這樣英勇的戰(zhàn)士值得嘉獎(jiǎng)。
【誤用4】A ship in harbor is safe,but thats not why ships are built for.
【指正】why改為what,或者刪掉for。
【解讀】考查表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句是名詞性從句的一種,thats not后跟一個(gè)從句作表語(yǔ),what在名詞性從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等成分,表語(yǔ)從句中的介詞for后缺少賓語(yǔ),因此用what。也可以刪掉for,因?yàn)檫B接副詞why可以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,其本身在從句中作狀語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于what...for...。句意:船停放在海港里是很安全的,但這并非建造船的目的。
【典例】Every living thing requires water. That is why its pollution is now a problem of the worlds common concern.
各種生物都需要水,這就是為什么水污染現(xiàn)在成了全世界共同關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。
【誤用5】Reading her biography(自傳),I was lost in admiration for that Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
【指正】that改為what。
【解讀】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可以作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ),一般不作介詞賓語(yǔ),除非特殊結(jié)構(gòu),如except that...“除了……”,in that...“因?yàn)椤钡?。句中的achieve是及物動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)該跟賓語(yǔ),即引導(dǎo)介詞賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ),連接代詞what可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,且作賓語(yǔ)。句意:讀完了她的自傳后,我對(duì)Doris Lessing在文學(xué)上做出的貢獻(xiàn)非常敬佩。
【典例】It was quite different from what I expected.它和我原來(lái)想的很不一樣。
She seemed completely uninterested in what I had to tell her about my new job.
我想把我新工作的事告訴她,她好像絲毫不感興趣。
He is a good student except that he is occasionally careless.
他是個(gè)好學(xué)生,只是他偶爾有些粗心。
Helen was unusual in that she was extremely intelligent and also remarkably sensitive.
海倫在這方面非同尋常,她非常聰明又相當(dāng)敏感。
【誤用6】How Li Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born is known to the public,but some wont accept it.
【指正】How改為Where。
【解讀】考查主語(yǔ)從句。a great Chinese poet作Li Bai的同位語(yǔ),is known是主句的謂語(yǔ)部分,因此,前面是主語(yǔ)從句。分析主語(yǔ)從句由was born看出用連接副詞,出生方式、原因不合題意,因此不能用連接副詞how和why,則只有where符合句意。句意:李白是一位偉大的中國(guó)詩(shī)人,他的出生地是眾所周知的,但有些人不愿接受這一事實(shí)。
【典例】Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行,還沒(méi)有宣布。
【誤用7】When we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
【指正】When改為How。
【解讀】考查主語(yǔ)從句。has是主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,前面是主語(yǔ)從句,根據(jù)后面的has a lot to do with what we feel看出用how,因?yàn)樾那椴煌瑢?duì)事物的理解就不一樣。句意:我們?nèi)绾卫斫馐虑榕c我們的感受有很大關(guān)系。連接副詞how引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,其本身在從句中作方式狀語(yǔ)。
【典例】How she killed the man is still a mystery.
她是如何殺害那個(gè)男子的還是一個(gè)謎。
【誤用8】—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah,but I have no idea that he did it; thats one of his favorite universities.
【指正】idea后面的that改為why。
【解讀】考查同位語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)Yeah的肯定答復(fù),確定對(duì)于he did it是已經(jīng)知道的,再根據(jù)后面的“耶魯大學(xué)是他最喜歡的大學(xué)之一”看出不理解“麥克為什么會(huì)拒絕耶魯大學(xué)的錄取”,所以用why引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,表示idea的具體內(nèi)容。轉(zhuǎn)換為賓語(yǔ)從句就是:I dont know why he did it.。根據(jù)題目意思,have no idea在不同的語(yǔ)境中還可以用where,when,how,that,what,which,who,whom,whose等引導(dǎo)其同位語(yǔ)從句。
【典例】 I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么時(shí)候回家。
Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,作及物動(dòng)詞give的直接賓語(yǔ),可以省略,也可以用which。)
【誤用9】Do not let any failures discourage you,for you can never tell which close you may be to victory.
【指正】which改為how。
【解讀】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。動(dòng)詞tell之后為賓語(yǔ)從句,可以看出賓語(yǔ)從句部分為感嘆句轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái),描述形容詞close用連接副詞how。how引導(dǎo)名詞性從句表示“多么”的意思,修飾形容詞或副詞。句意:你不能失敗了就灰心喪氣,因?yàn)槟阌肋h(yuǎn)不知道你有多么接近勝利。
【典例】 No,I dont know. I really dont know how many pens he has.
不,我不知道。我真的不知道他有多少支鋼筆。
I dont know how far we actually went,but it was far enough.
我不知道我們實(shí)際走了多遠(yuǎn),反正是足夠遠(yuǎn)的了。
【誤用10】It remains to be seen that the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.
【指正】that改為whether。
【解讀】考查名詞性從句。題目中的it作形式主語(yǔ),真正主語(yǔ)為that后面的主語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句中不缺少主干成分,所以不能用連接代詞,應(yīng)該用連接副詞?!坝写挥^察”的事情是不確定的事所以要應(yīng)用whether表“是否”,引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。it可以作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ),代替真正的主語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句。
【典例】It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他們何時(shí)結(jié)婚依然不明清楚。
It is not yet decided who will do that job.還沒(méi)決定誰(shuí)做那項(xiàng)工作。
【誤用11】From space,the earth looks blue. This is why about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
【指正】why改為because。
【解讀】考查名詞性從句的表語(yǔ)從句。why引導(dǎo)的從句的內(nèi)容表示結(jié)果,而題目中前面的句子就是結(jié)果,所以表語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該是原因,用連接副詞because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,表示原因。
【典例】 He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨晚他沒(méi)有去看電影,因?yàn)樗脦退拿妹米鲎鳂I(yè)。
【誤用12】The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief which you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
【指正】which改為that。
【解讀】考查名詞性從句的同位語(yǔ)從句。belief后所接的從句對(duì)其內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋、說(shuō)明,故為同位語(yǔ)從句,陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)。同時(shí)從句不缺任何成分,that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句只起連接作用,不作任何成分。句意:在最高水平上取得成功的唯一方法就是要完全相信在那個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)上,你比其他任何人都優(yōu)秀。
【典例】The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.
他想到瑪麗可能生病了。( that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句與名詞thought之間被謂語(yǔ)部分隔開了。)
【誤用13】The reason why he was late was because he missed the train by one minute this morning.
【指正】because改為that。
【解讀】當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句要用that引導(dǎo)。
【典例】The reason is that “How are you?” isnt really a question,and “Fine”isnt really an answer.
原因“你好嗎”并非真的是一個(gè)問(wèn)題,而“不錯(cuò)”也并非真的回答。
The reason is that I had to take my daughter to the doctor.
因?yàn)槲业盟臀遗畠喝タ瘁t(yī)生。
【誤用14】If this is true or not,I really dont know.
【指正】If 改為Whether。
【解讀】whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。注意whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時(shí),在下列情況下一般只能用whether,不用if:①whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句在句首時(shí);②賓語(yǔ)從句放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí);③引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí);④引導(dǎo)介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí);⑤后面緊跟著or not時(shí)。
【典例】We didnt know whether or not she was ready. 我們不知道她是否準(zhǔn)備好了。
Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.
他能否準(zhǔn)時(shí)參加派對(duì)得看交通情況。
The question is whether we can get in touch with her.問(wèn)題是我們能否聯(lián)系上她。
Everything depends on whether we have enough money.一切取決于我們是否有足夠的錢。