中考英語(yǔ)單項(xiàng)選擇面面觀

陳傳光供稿

中考英語(yǔ)單項(xiàng)選擇面面觀

陳傳光供稿

單項(xiàng)選擇題是中考英語(yǔ)的重要題型之一。其知識(shí)覆蓋面廣，靈活性大，綜合性強(qiáng)?？疾榈膬?nèi)容涉及詞匯、語(yǔ)法、習(xí)慣用法、交際用語(yǔ)等各個(gè)方面。單項(xiàng)選擇題對(duì)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的考查，通常是將語(yǔ)言知識(shí)與語(yǔ)言功能相結(jié)合，在語(yǔ)境中考查知識(shí)的應(yīng)用。

一 考★向★分★析

近年來(lái)，中考英語(yǔ)減少了對(duì)純語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的考查，而相應(yīng)增加了對(duì)綜合知識(shí)的考查。例如加長(zhǎng)題干，形成一定的語(yǔ)境，要求同學(xué)們能夠活用知識(shí)、辨析詞語(yǔ)的用法和含義、根據(jù)句中的情景進(jìn)行邏輯推理和判斷，強(qiáng)調(diào)了培養(yǎng)實(shí)際運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的能力。這種題型所涉及的考點(diǎn)主要有以下幾方面：

? 定冠詞、不定冠詞的基本用法；

? 名詞單復(fù)數(shù)和名詞所有格；

? 人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞及不定代詞的用法；

? 形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)及兩種詞類(lèi)的用法區(qū)別；

? 基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞與分?jǐn)?shù)的用法及表達(dá)法；

? 介詞的基本用法；

? 連詞的基本用法；

? 一些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)和固定搭配的記憶和使用；

? 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、動(dòng)詞不定式及動(dòng)名詞的用法；

? 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法；

? 反意疑問(wèn)句、感嘆句、祈使句、賓語(yǔ)從句和特殊疑問(wèn)句的基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)和用法。

二 答★題★技★巧

單項(xiàng)選擇題的測(cè)試目的明確，覆蓋面廣，不僅可以測(cè)試學(xué)生對(duì)于基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的掌握，也可以考查他們運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。在解答此類(lèi)題型時(shí)，可根據(jù)其特點(diǎn)從以下幾個(gè)方面入手：

1. 固定搭配法

英語(yǔ)句子中詞語(yǔ)和詞語(yǔ)之間有一定的“固定搭配”，主要包括介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)、名詞短語(yǔ)、冠詞在固定搭配中的用法等。因此，如果我們熟悉這些固定搭配，就可以很容易地選出正確答案。例如：

① Jim is _school. His father is _work.

A. on; at B. at; at C. at; on D. on; on

★ at school表“在學(xué)校，在上學(xué)”，而at work表“在上班”，都是固定搭配。故選B。

② If you read a lot, you life will be full_ pleasure.

A. by B. of C. for D. with★ be full of意為“充滿”，是固定搭配。故選B。

③_age 7, Bruce won the second prize in the piano competition.

A. In B. At C. On D. For

★ at age+數(shù)字=at the age of+數(shù)字，指“在……歲時(shí)”，屬于習(xí)慣搭配。故選B。

2. 語(yǔ)境分析法

在處理知識(shí)與能力的關(guān)系時(shí)，命題者會(huì)很注意在盡可能真實(shí)與自然的語(yǔ)境中考查學(xué)生對(duì)知識(shí)的掌握與運(yùn)用情況，因而常將詞語(yǔ)辨析、時(shí)態(tài)選擇和其他語(yǔ)法知識(shí)置于一定的語(yǔ)境中。例如：

① —When _you _your old friend?

—The day before yesterday.

A. will; visit B. did; visit C. have; visited D. are; visiting

★ 由答語(yǔ)“前天”可知問(wèn)句應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故選B。

② —_do you go to the library?

—Once a week.

A. How often B. How long C. How far D. How soon

★ 由答語(yǔ)“一周一次”可知詢問(wèn)的是對(duì)方去圖書(shū)館的頻率，故選A。

③ —I can’t find Jack. Where is he?

—He _for tomorrow’s competition at home.

A. prepares B. is preparing C. has prepared D. prepared

★ 由上文的“Where is he?”可知是詢問(wèn)杰克現(xiàn)在所在的位置，再結(jié)合各選項(xiàng)可知用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，故選B。

3. 逐個(gè)排除法考生總會(huì)對(duì)少數(shù)難題望而生畏，但考生可根據(jù)題干的特定信息及句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)法進(jìn)行有理有據(jù)的合理推測(cè)，排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)，從而找出正確的答案。當(dāng)你對(duì)某個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意義用法不明確，而這個(gè)選項(xiàng)又恰恰是正確答案時(shí)，可以將錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)逐個(gè)剔除，那么剩余的一個(gè)即為正確答案。例如：

① The teacher wanted to have a word with Jim, but she had_to tell him.

A. important something B. nothing important C. anything important D. something important

★ 形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾不定代詞時(shí)，形容詞須后置，故排除A項(xiàng)；nothing表“沒(méi)有什么”，something表“某事，某物”，由句意可知選B。

②_weather it is! We can’t go boating on the Xuanwu Lake.

A. What good B. How good C. How bad D. What bad

★ 句中已有主語(yǔ)it，weather（天氣）是名詞，故感嘆句用what引導(dǎo)，排除B、C兩項(xiàng)；再由下句句意“我們不能去玄武湖劃船了”可推知，現(xiàn)在天氣不好，故用形容詞bad。故選D。

③ He invited some classmates to come to his party, but_came.

A. a little B. little C. a few D. few

★ classmates是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，首先排除A、B兩項(xiàng)；a few表示肯定，few表示否定，根據(jù)but判斷句意前后有轉(zhuǎn)折之意，故選D

4. 前后照應(yīng)法

答題前首先應(yīng)弄清楚題干的真正意思，然后聯(lián)系上下文，捕捉暗示的信息，最后判斷出正確答案。例如：

① My brother is a_boy. He always does little work the whole day.

A. busy B. good C. nice D. lazy

★ 單看第一句，從語(yǔ)法上講，A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都沒(méi)有問(wèn)題。但由后句“他總是整天無(wú)所事事”，可知他是一個(gè)懶惰的男孩。故只有D項(xiàng)符合句意。

② —Excuse me, haven’t you learned the new_law? Everyone in the car must wearthe seat belt.

—Sorry, we won’t do that again.

A. food B. traffic C. medicine D. education

★ 上句句意為“打擾一下，難道你沒(méi)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)新的_法規(guī)嗎？車(chē)?yán)锏拿總€(gè)人都必須系上安全帶”。而food為“食物”，traffic為“交通”，medicine為“藥”，education為“教育”，故選B。

③ Being honest is the first _if you want to make friends with others.

A. step B. time C. job D. hand

★ step為“步，階梯”，time為“時(shí)間”，job為“工作”，hand為“手”。該句句意為“如果你想與他人交朋友，誠(chéng)實(shí)是第一步”。故選A。

5. 比較辨析法

命題者常把語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)相似的句型和易混詞匯放在同一語(yǔ)境中，用來(lái)考查考生對(duì)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)掌握的牢固程度和辨析能力。這就要求考生找出所要考查的知識(shí)要點(diǎn)，并加以比較和辨析，認(rèn)清它們之間的區(qū)別，從而找出正確答案。例如：

① It _me two hours to do my homework last night. A. spent B. took C. paid D. used

★ 本題考查表“花費(fèi)”的句型。D項(xiàng)為干擾項(xiàng)，故排除；spend、take和pay都可作“花費(fèi)”義，因此單憑詞義很難確定，但只要掌握了it作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)的句式“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”，便很容易選出正確答案了。故選B。

② —W_hat’s wrong with you, Jack? You look tired.—I to prepare for the final exam last night.

A. picked up B. woke up C. stayed up D. put up

★ pick up為“撿起，拾起”，wake up為“醒來(lái)”，stay up為“不睡覺(jué)，熬夜”，put up為“舉起，搭建，進(jìn)行，張貼”。由上句中l(wèi)ook tired（看起來(lái)困倦）可知，stay up符合題意。故選C。

③ —Can I _your bike?_—With pleasure. But you mustn’t it to others.

A. lend; borrow B. borrow; lend C. lend; lend D. borrow; borrow

★ lend表示句子的主語(yǔ)“借出”，而borrow表示句子的主語(yǔ)“借入”。題中問(wèn)句的意思是“我可以借用你的自行車(chē)嗎？”，表示的是句子主語(yǔ)“借入”，故用borrow；題中答語(yǔ)中第二句的意思是“但你一定不要把它借給別人”，表示的是句子主語(yǔ)“借出”，故用lend。故選B。

6. 常識(shí)運(yùn)用法

根據(jù)我們平時(shí)掌握的政治、歷史、地理、天文、數(shù)理化、生活、風(fēng)俗等方面的知識(shí)去進(jìn)行推理判斷從而得出答案，這種方法就叫常識(shí)運(yùn)用法。例如：

① People usually eat moon cakes on_.

A. Teachers’ Day B. Mother’s Day C. May Day D. Mid-Autumn Festival

★ 人們通常在中秋節(jié)才吃月餅，故選項(xiàng)D正確。

② France is a good place for holiday. You can visit _in France.

A. Big Ben B. the Eiffel Tower C. Mount Fuji D. the Great Wall

★ Big Ben是英國(guó)的大本鐘；the Eiffel Tower是法國(guó)的埃菲爾鐵塔；Mount Fuji是日本的富士山；the Great Wall是中國(guó)的長(zhǎng)城。由題中的France（法國(guó)）可知選B。

③ In _, people are supposed to kiss when they meet for the first time.

A. China B. Japan C. Korea D. Brazil

★ 結(jié)合西方國(guó)家的習(xí)俗可知，見(jiàn)面親吻以示問(wèn)候是法國(guó)、意大利、西班牙及巴西等國(guó)的禮節(jié)。故選D。

□ 1. —Is Total Soccer _ weekly round-up (綜合報(bào)道) of soccer?—Yes. It provides us with _ latest news on soccer.

A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; a

□ 2 —What shall we do to kill time?

—Well, _ it is Wanda Cinema’s half-price day, why not go to see a film?

A. since B. while C. unless D. though

□ 3. —Too much traffic is harmful _ the environment.

—Sure. But we have difficulty _ controlling the number of cars.

A. to; in B. in; in C. on; to D. in; on

□ 4. —When did you show an _ in reading?

—At the age of six, I became _ in reading comics.

A. interest; interesting B. interested; interested C. interesting; interested D. interest; interested

□ 5. It is difficult for people to find space to _ near the shopping mall at weekends.

A. hide B. ride C. leave D. park

□ 6. —I can’t decide which movie to watch.

— _ read the movie review first?

A. Why not B. Let’s C. Why don’t D. Perhaps

□ 7. — _ it is snowing!

—Yeah. We can enjoy snow fights!

A. What heavy B. How heavy C. How heavily D. What heavily

□ 8. This village is _ two parts by a big river. However, there is a stone bridge for people to go

across the river.

A. made up B. connected with C. divided into D. dealt with

□ 9. —Would you like _ to drink?

—OK. A cup of watermelon juice, please.

A. something sweet B. everything sweet C. sweet something D. sweet everything

□ 10. Andy has made _ this term that his parents will award him a new laptop.

A. such a great progress B. so a great progress C. such great progress D. so great progress

□ 11. Ma Ji, a great cross-talk (相聲) artist, _ on the morning of December 20th, 2006.

A. died of B. passed over C. passed away D. ran away

□ 12. It’s important to know about some safety rules. And don’t forget _ in the traffic safety class.

A. what the teacher said B. what did the teacher say

C. the teacher said what D. what has the teacher said

□ 13. —Why didn’t you answer my phone call this morning?

—Oh, sorry. I _ a TV series and didn’t hear it.

A. watched B. was watching C. had watched D. have watched

□ 14. My grandfather doesn’t know that Kim Soo-hyun is a Korean star _ has millions of fans in China.

A. whom B. those C. who D. which

□ 15. —I hope that I will have millions of dollars and I can buy my private (私人的) plane.

— _ .

A. You are welcome B. That’s very kind of you C. In your dreams D. Thank you all the same

【參考答案】1-5 BAADD 6-10 ACCAC 11-15 CABCC