例談“with+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)

安徽省宿州二中南校區(qū)　杜聰

例談“with+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)

安徽省宿州二中南校區(qū)杜聰

人教版高中英語(yǔ)教材必修5 Unit 1 Great Scientists文中有這樣一個(gè)句子：He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it。該句中出現(xiàn)了“with+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)不僅在英語(yǔ)教材中頻頻出現(xiàn)，也是歷年高考的一個(gè)重要考點(diǎn)。本文結(jié)合例句，對(duì)“with+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)的形式和用法進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單歸納。

一、“with+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)的形式

“with+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)通常有以下六種形式：

1.with+賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞

In some parts of Asia it's not polite to sit with your foot pointingatanotherperson.

With somany people communicating in English every day，itwill becomemore and more important to have a good knowledge of English.

2.with+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞

With the signalgiven，the train started.

Itwasa pity that the great writer died with his works unfinished.

3.with+賓語(yǔ)+不定式

With nothing toburn，the fire becameweak and finally died out.

With a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly-elected president ishaving a hard time.

4.with+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞

He stood in the rain，with his clotheswet.

In summerweoften sleep with thewindowsopen.

5.with+賓語(yǔ)+副詞

The city looksmore beautiful with all the lightson.

With production up by 60%，the company hashad another excellentyear.

6.with+賓語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)

She said goodbye with tears in hereyes.

The teacherwalked into the classroom with abook in hishand.

二、“with+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法

“with+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)主要用來(lái)說(shuō)明附帶情況或具體細(xì)節(jié)，在句中可以作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。

1.作定語(yǔ)

Ilike stamps with abird design on them.

Anyone with itseyes in hishead can see it'se x actly likea rope.

2.作狀語(yǔ)

①時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

With themealover，weallwenthome.

With spring comingon，trees turn green.

②原因狀語(yǔ)

She had towalk home with her bike stolen.

With the key lost，the teacher couldn'tget into theoffice.

③條件狀語(yǔ)

With John tohelp us，wewillbeable to finish the task ahead of time.

I'd like to see thenew film with time permitting.

④方式/伴隨狀語(yǔ)

Hewas lying on the grass，with hishead on hishands.

With the crowdscheering，they drove to the palace.

3.作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)

①主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

Thene x tmorning the lakewas found with a thin sheetof iceon.

②賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

They found a littleboy with nothingon.

三、幾點(diǎn)說(shuō)明

1.“with+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)多是名詞或代詞，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)可以是現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等，且with后面的賓語(yǔ)與其后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。

2.“with+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)與“without+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法相同，只不過(guò)without表示否定意義。

Withouta ta x icoming soon，I'llbe late for school.

3.“with+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面接不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：不定式表示被動(dòng)、將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)、正在發(fā)生或發(fā)生了的動(dòng)作，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。

So in the afternoon，with nothing to do，Iwenton a round of the bookshops.

With the boy leading theway，we found the hoteleasily.

With the child taken good care of，we felt q uite relieved.

四、練習(xí)

用所給單詞的正確形式填空。

1.Icouldn'tdomy homework with al l thatnoise＿（go）on.

2.Themurdererwasbroughtin，with hishands＿（tie）behind hisback.

3.With somany dishes＿（wash），Ican notgo out with you.

4.Alittle boy with two ofhis front teeth＿（miss）ran into thehouse.

5.With hermoney＿（lose），shewasata losswhat to do.

K eys：1.going 2.tied 3.towash 4.missing 5.lost