加洛爾德橋，諾維奇，英國

建筑設(shè)計：Ramboll事務所Architects:Ramboll

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加洛爾德橋，諾維奇，英國

Jarrold Bridge,Norwich,United Kingdom,2011

建筑設(shè)計：Ramboll事務所Architects:Ramboll

1　實景/Bridge view

在溫瑟河北岸的諾維奇地區(qū)，一項土地再開發(fā)項目正在進行中。該項目包括200座住宅，20,500m2的辦公空間，一座賓館，1500m2的商品零售用地、餐廳和咖啡廳?？傮w規(guī)劃中還包含一架從巴拉克街直通市中心的新步行橋。

由于方案受到眾多法規(guī)限制的制約，設(shè)計師在設(shè)計過程中與諾維奇地方議會和布羅茨地方管理局保持了廣泛而深入的溝通，做出了令多方滿意的方案。

步行橋架設(shè)在溫瑟河上一處剖面長度30m的節(jié)點上，橋梁高出河面2.9m，保證了河道交通的正常運行。為了滿足自行車和輪椅的通行需要，橋面被設(shè)計成長長的坡道，緩慢上升。橋身全長80m，由于在南岸與道路找齊而形成了弧形，橋梁總體呈現(xiàn)J字形。橋梁主體是在場地外預制而成，并在建造時吊裝入位的，使施工對交通和河岸的影響降到了最低。

該構(gòu)筑物采用雙懸臂結(jié)構(gòu)，兩根位于水岸的細柱支撐著曲線形的橋身。這兩根銷接柱被固定在樁基混凝土板上，支撐起了橋體的主鋼梁，并為其留有膨脹活動的空間。帶棱的耐候鋼箱型梁在頂部收縮變小，在J形弧的內(nèi)弧面上展開為內(nèi)層扶手。橋面板從梁上懸挑出去，以耐候鋼材質(zhì)的橫梁格網(wǎng)為基底，用特殊方式在其上滿鋪木板，使自行車通過時自動減速。橋的外層隔擋用輕質(zhì)不銹鋼網(wǎng)制成。

眾多的限制因素充分促進了步行橋的設(shè)計優(yōu)化，也使其成為了總體規(guī)劃中的決定性節(jié)點。為了滿足對形式和材質(zhì)的精益求精的追求，最終設(shè)計僅采用3種經(jīng)濟天然的飾面材料。耐候鋼、木材和不銹鋼的使用能夠滿足耐久性和低維護成本的要求——這座橋?qū)A滿實現(xiàn)其設(shè)計的目的和初衷。（張裕翔 譯）

To the north of the River Wensum in Norwich,land is under redevelopment to create 200 houses,20,500m2of office space,a hotel,1,500m2of retail space,restaurants and cafés.The masterplan includes a new pedestrian bridge providing direct access to the city centre from the Barrack Street site.Various constraints and statutory requirements necessitated extensive liaison with Norwich Council and the Broads Authority to deliver a satisfactory design.

Spanning a narrow 30m section of the Wensum,the deck needs to sit 2.9m above the water level to allow river traffic to pass unhindered.Long approach ramps are necessary to retain full accessibility for cycles and wheelchairs.To accommodate this,the bridge is 80m in length and curves to form a "J" shape,aligning with the path along the southern bank.Minimising disruption to the river banks and traffic,the main deck is designed for fabrication offsite before being craned into position and connected to the back spans.

2　位置圖/Location plan

3　平面/Plan

The structure is a double cantilever design.Its curvilinear form is supported on two slender columns located on the water's edge.Resting on concrete pads with pile foundations,these pinjointed columns support the steel beam,allowing for expansion.The angled form of the weathering steel box beam tapers at the top and spans around the inside curve of the "J",forming the inner parapet.The deck cantilevers off the beam,constructed using a lattice of weathering steel cross beams,surfaced with timber in a pattern intended to naturally reduce the speed of cyclists.The outer parapet is lightweight stainless steel mesh.

Numerous constraints increased the original scope of the footbridge,the presence of which is integral to the success of the masterplan.Refinement of form and materials has produced an economical design using just three natural finish materials.Weathering steel,timber and stainless steel were selected for durability and low maintenance requirements—the bridge will remain the responsibility of the client.

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client:Jarrold & Sons Ltd,St James Ltd.橋總長/Total Length:90m

最大跨距/Maximum Span:Approx.40m

橋?qū)?Width:3m

造價/Cost:￡1,200,000

竣工時間/Completion:2011.09

攝影/Photos:JAAP OEPKES

4 實景/Bridge view

5 橫剖面/Cross section

6 夜景/Night view

評論

俞孔堅：關(guān)于橋的含義，海德格爾有精辟的論述：跨越河流的橋不僅僅是連接兩岸的通道，而是以其自己的方式，將大地、天空、諸神和終有一死的人聚集于自身。這座架在鬼才知道的小河之上，鏈接同樣鬼才知道的社區(qū)兩岸的加洛爾德橋，卻在世界的地圖上，為行走其上的蕓蕓眾生定下了坐標和方位，并為棲居于岸邊的人們打上了烙印，建立了認同與歸屬的坐標，使其在茫茫大地上的棲居變得富有意義。無論在體量和區(qū)位上，這座橋都不足掛齒，但它以極簡的風格、完善的功能考慮、對局促空間的適應性設(shè)計、對耐候性和可持續(xù)性的考慮，賦予這座橋以最真實和最完美的特質(zhì)，使橋的含義得到最完美的表達，彰顯了設(shè)計的力量。

Comments

YU Kongjian:As regards the bridge,Martin Heidegger gave an incisive definition.He defined that a bridge is not merely an access connecting the two sides but a manifestation gathering together the fourfold of earth,sky,gods and mortals.This bridge offers its pedestrian coordinates and orientation,as well as its dwellers a distinctive image,in spite of the unknown river it spans over and the same unheard communities on two banks it connects to.The setup of the coordinates of identity and belonging makes the dwellers around the vast areas feel worthwhile.Regardless of its negligible volume and location,its minimalist style,perfect functions,adaptability to cramped space,weather resistance and sustainability gives it a most realistic and perfect feature,a perfect definition of bridge,and a reflection to the power of design.

何可人：這座步行橋的設(shè)計闡釋了一個建筑設(shè)計的基本道理，即限制條件應該是設(shè)計的出發(fā)點，關(guān)鍵在于是否是積極地看待這些難點，就像這座橋所面臨的離水面的高度和造價的限制。人們或許在清晨匆匆走過，或許在傍晚時分，漫步橋上，看夕陽在水面上泠泠映射，盡享片刻寧靜或是孩童的嬉鬧。弧形雙懸臂的大膽結(jié)構(gòu)，讓這個步行“坡道”輕盈地凌駕水面之上，樸素和自然的材料協(xié)調(diào)了與周圍環(huán)境的色彩關(guān)系。我想，如果“橋”是一個跨越時空的構(gòu)筑，那么時間在這里悄悄地彎曲了一下，慢了一點。

HE Keren:The footbridge demonstrates a fundamental principle in architectural design–restrictions as the starting point of a design.The key issue relies on whether you can treat the limitation positively–in this case the budget and the height from the bridge to the water.People may cross the bridge every morning in a rush,or stroll on it down when observing the sunset reflection of on the river and enjoying the quiet moment with the children's noise.The bold structural design as manifest in double curved cantilever allows the pedestrian ramp to suspend "lightly" over the water.The austere and natural color of the bridge responds to those of the surroundings.Were the bridge a structure transcending time and space,in my opinion,time here had been bent a little,and slowed a little.