笙聲不息

圖、文／呂廷川

笙聲不息

CEASELESS SOUNDS OF SHENG

圖、文／呂廷川

笙，是一種古老的樂器，是簧片樂器的鼻祖?！后贤跏兰摇坏捏?，笙斗由黃銅制成，笙角選用紅木，簧片以響銅為原料，笙苗則選用產(chǎn)于福建的紫竹，經(jīng)打蠟校正后，竹管色澤溫潤，管體筆直，演奏起來格外清脆委婉。『以前，在民間人們辦紅白事兒都用它來吹曲子，笙一吹起來音質(zhì)非常清亮，適合各種情感的表達。后來，隨著樂曲不斷的豐富，用笙來演奏的曲子就更多了！』

○經(jīng)過歲月磨礪，王俊卿的制笙手藝已爐火純青。After years of tempering, Wang Junqing attained perfection in making Sheng.

午后的陽光照進屋來，一位頭發(fā)花白的老人趴在桌邊兒，用銼細細打磨著一根根竹管，空中漂浮的雜塵在光柱里微微顫動著，仿佛時光靜止了一般。3月10日，濟南鞭指巷，笙王第六代傳人王俊卿正在家里忙著制笙，那場景就像一部老電影里的畫面讓人感動。

王俊卿祖籍河北景縣，世家六代制笙。曾祖父王慶元時就已完全放棄務農(nóng)，從景縣搬到天津后，以制笙兼修理民族樂器為生。到祖父王鳳林時，制笙的技術(shù)更加精湛，且調(diào)音精準，能制作出高水平的民族拉弦樂器，“笙王世家”這時已聞名全國。

王俊卿從小就跟著父親學習手藝，還得到祖父王鳳林的許多指點。隨父落戶濟南后，全家仍以制笙為業(yè)。濟南樂器廠成立初期，他便在廠里幫工，還學會了吹笙。后參軍入伍，王俊卿成為了專職的笙演奏員，這為他制笙技藝的提升積累了豐富的經(jīng)驗。從部隊轉(zhuǎn)業(yè)后，王俊傾又回到原單位，父親在世時的老主顧和玩笙的老友仍然找上門來，他就用業(yè)余時間繼續(xù)制笙修笙的手藝，一直到1995年內(nèi)退后，便在家里全身心制起笙來。

○在部隊文工團時，王俊卿曾是專職笙演奏員。Wang Junqing was a player of Sheng in art troupe of the army.

○每天躲在家里制笙。Making Sheng at home every day.

笙，是一種古老的樂器，是簧片樂器的鼻祖?！绑贤跏兰摇钡捏希隙酚牲S銅制成，笙角選用紅木，簧片以響銅為原料，笙苗則選用產(chǎn)于福建的紫竹，經(jīng)打蠟校正后，竹管色澤溫潤，管體筆直，演奏起來格外清脆委婉?！耙郧埃诿耖g人們辦紅白事兒都用它來吹曲子，笙一吹起來音質(zhì)非常清亮，適合各種情感的表達。后來，隨著樂曲不斷的豐富，用笙來演奏的曲子就更多了！”他即興吹了一曲《草原騎兵》，“是不是能聽出來千軍萬馬在草原上奔跑？這首曲子很能表現(xiàn)笙的音質(zhì)，制笙最重要的就是音質(zhì)和音準了。”

○10歲的小孫女已經(jīng)能演奏笙樂。Ten-year-old granddaughter can play Sheng.

○與老朋友機械師徐松園一起研究制笙工具。Researching tools of making Sheng with old friend and machinist Xu Songyuan.

“這么好的手藝，有沒有想過傳承？”這是個既俗又不可回避的問題?！拔覂鹤油踹M笙吹得也很好。不過年輕人嘛都在外面忙工作，將來年紀大一些有時間了就好了，畢竟制笙是個費工夫的手藝啊?！蓖蹩∏湔f。

在他的制笙工作室里，我還碰到了另外一位健談開朗的老人，他叫徐松園，是一位機械師，一直為王俊卿提供制笙工具。這兩位交往了四十多年的老朋友、老搭檔同是狂熱的笙愛好者，多年的磨合，讓他們干起活來充滿默契。王俊卿的這把48管笙正是為徐松園量身定制的。

離開這個灑滿陽光的小院，我眼前始終有束光在空氣中舞動?？倳幸恍┨囟ǖ娜?，在特定的時期，用一生去完成一個使命?；蛟S正是出于這樣一份自信，面對現(xiàn)在和未來，王俊卿都顯得格外淡定。我也始終在想，如果能在一個人身上看到歷史的影子，是不是也能略略讀出一些未來？

As the afternoon sunlight shone into the room, a grey-haired old man was carefully polishing bamboo pipes lying on the table with a fi le. The dust floating in the air slightly trembled in the beams of light, as if time stood still. On March 10, in Bianzhi Lane, Jinan, Wang Junqing, the sixth-generation descendant of the King of Sheng was busy fabricating a sheng (a reed pipe wind instrument) at home. It was a moving picture like a scene from an old fi lm.

Wang Junqing’s ancestral home is in Jing County, Hebei. His family has been engaged in fabricating sheng for six generations. His grandfather Wang Fenglin was more skilled in fabricating sheng. In that period, the “Family of the King of Sheng” had been well-known throughout the country. Wang Junqing learned workmanship from his father since his childhood, and he even acquired some guidance from his grandfather Wang Fenglin. After he followed his father to settle down in Jinan, the whole family is still engaged in fabricating sheng. In the early days of Jinan Musical Instrument Factory, he started to work in the factory, and learned to play this instrument. Afterwards, Wang Junqing joined the army, becoming a full-time sheng player, which let him accumulate rich experience for his improvement in the skill of fabricating sheng. After being transferred to civilian work from the troops, Wang Junqing returned to his former unit. The regular customers when his father was alive as well as his old friends who were fond of playing sheng still visited him. Thus, he continued to fabricate and repair sheng in his spare time. After his early retirement in 1995, he dedicated himself to fabricating sheng at home.