蘑菇也如此多嬌

By+Grace+Murano++申申然

Most people consider mushrooms to be the small， ugly cousins of the plant kingdom， but theirs is a surprisingly beautiful and wonderful world waiting to be explored. Enjoy this amazing journey into the world of mushrooms！

在大多數(shù)人看來，蘑菇又小又丑，只算植物王國的“表親”。但其實(shí)，蘑菇的世界美麗精彩、令人驚嘆，就等著世人去探索。以下這趟神奇的旅程將帶你走進(jìn)蘑菇的世界，盡情享受吧！

1. Sky Blue Mushroom

Sky Blue mushroom is a species of mushroom found in New Zealand and India. The small mushroom is a distinctive all-blue color， while the gills1） have a slight reddish tint2） from the spores3）. Sky Blue mushroom is not edible， but whether or not it is poisonous is unknown. This species was one of six native fungi4） featured in a set of fungal stamps issued in New Zealand in 2002. It is also seen on the reverse5） side of the $50 bank note， issued by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand in 1990.

2. Veiled Lady Mushroom

This delicate and strange mushroom can be found in gardens and woodlands in southern Asia， Africa， the Americas and Australia. This edible and rather healthful mushroom is used in Chinese cuisine. While the lacy6） skirt is what draws our eyes， the mushroom actually uses the cap7） to draw attention too. It is coated in a greenish-brown slime8） that contains spores—the slime attracts flies and insects that help disperse9） the spores.

3. Turkey Tail

Turkey Tail is a common mushroom found all over the world—though however common it might be， it is always beautiful. Its fan shape and layers of coloring resemble a turkey's tail. Colors can range depending on location and age， and the cap can be shades10） of rust-brown， dark brown， grey， and even black. Some older caps can appear green when they have a greenish algae11） growing on them. The Turkey Tail is considered a medicinal mushroom， and may possibly have positive benefits in protecting against cancer， though this is debated.

4. The Bleeding Tooth Fungus

Allow me to introduce to you one of the more unusual members of Kingdom Fungi， the Bleeding Tooth fungus， which has various names often referring to juice or blood. This fungus can be found in North America where it is more common in the Pacific Northwest and resides mostly in coniferous12） forests. The Bleeding Tooth also makes appearances in Europe， Iran and Korea. Upon a first glimpse of the fungus， one may regard the ruby13）-red liquid as the blood of some poor forest creature splattered across the white mushroom cap. When inspected more closely， it becomes obvious that the fungus is oozing14） liquid through its own small pores15）.

5. Bioluminescent16） Fungi

No， this is not your illusion； you really are seeing bright green mushrooms. These neon17） green mushrooms， to use the technical term， emerge during the rainy season in Japanese and Brazilian forests， scattering the floor with glowing spores. The bases of tree trunks， fallen branches， leaf litter18） and moist soil provide perfect breeding grounds19） for the mushrooms. The appearance of these garish20） looking fungi is due to bioluminescence， one of the weird but wonderful reactions that happen naturally in many plants and animals.

6. Amethyst Deceiver

This purple beauty is found in deciduous21） and coniferous forests in temperate22） zones around North America， Central and South America， Europe and Asia. Though vividly purple when young， older specimens lose their bright coloration and are more difficult to identify， which is why it is called the "deceiver". Though technically edible， it isn't considered a good choice to eat especially because pollutants23） in the soil can accumulate in the mushroom.

7. The Red Cage

The mushroom is known as the red cage， referring to the striking fruit bodies24） that are shaped somewhat like a round or oval hollow sphere with interlaced25） or latticed26） branches. Feeding off decaying woody plant materials， these mushrooms can be found growing in leaf litter， grassy places or on garden soil. Though it isn't clear if it is edible， apparently its smell is enough to deter27） anyone interested in eating it.

1. 天藍(lán)蘑菇

天藍(lán)蘑菇是蘑菇的一種，分布于新西蘭和印度。這種小蘑菇通體呈現(xiàn)出一種特有的藍(lán)色，只是菌褶處帶有一點(diǎn)孢子的淡紅色。天藍(lán)蘑菇不可食用，但是否有毒尚不得知。2002年，新西蘭曾發(fā)行過一套真菌主題的郵票，該套郵票以六種本土真菌為特色，天藍(lán)蘑菇就是其中的一種。新西蘭儲(chǔ)備銀行1990年發(fā)行的50元紙幣的背面也印有這種蘑菇。

2. 竹蓀

這種嬌美、奇異的蘑菇分布于南亞、非洲、美洲和澳大利亞的花園和林地之中。竹蓀能夠食用，且保健價(jià)值非常高，被用在中國菜肴中。雖然其網(wǎng)狀菌裙才是吸引我們眼球的地方，但其實(shí)這種蘑菇也用菌蓋來引起注意。它的菌蓋上面裹著一層含有孢子的綠褐色黏液，這種黏液能夠吸引蒼蠅和昆蟲，從而促進(jìn)孢子的傳播。

3. 火雞尾菇

火雞尾菇是一種常見的蘑菇，遍布世界各地。不管它可能有多么常見，它從來都美麗動(dòng)人。它外形似扇，色彩層疊，看起來就像是火雞的尾巴，且顏色因所處的地域和生長期有所不同。它的菌蓋可能是深淺不同的鐵銹色、深褐色、灰色甚至是黑色。如果菌蓋上面長有某種綠藻，有些老火雞尾菇的菌蓋還能呈現(xiàn)出綠色。人們認(rèn)為火雞尾菇是一種藥用蘑菇，可能對(duì)預(yù)防癌癥具有積極的效果——雖然人們對(duì)這一點(diǎn)仍存在爭議。

4. 出血齒菌

請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我來介紹一下真菌王國更為與眾不同的成員之一：出血齒菌。它有多個(gè)別名，一般都與汁液或血液有關(guān)。這種真菌分布于北美洲，在太平洋西北地區(qū)更為常見，且大多生長在針葉林中。在歐洲、伊朗和韓國也有出血齒菌的身影。它們白色的菌蓋布滿了鮮紅色的液體，乍一看，你可能會(huì)以為那是森林里某只不幸的動(dòng)物所噴濺出來的鮮血。當(dāng)靠近一些仔細(xì)一看，真相就會(huì)顯而易見，原來那是出血齒菌在通過它們的小氣孔分泌液體。

5. 熒光蕈

不，這不是你的幻覺。你看到的確確實(shí)實(shí)是熒綠色的蘑菇。一到雨季，日本和巴西的森林就會(huì)冒出這些——用科學(xué)術(shù)語來說——熒光蕈，它們發(fā)光的孢子綴滿林地。樹干根部、落下的樹枝、落葉層及潮濕的土壤都為熒光蕈提供了理想的生長地。這些發(fā)出耀眼光芒的熒光蕈外觀如此是由于生物發(fā)光現(xiàn)象，這是很多植物和動(dòng)物天生就具有的一種奇特但美妙的化學(xué)反應(yīng)。

1. gill [ɡ?l] n. （蘑菇的）菌褶（常用作復(fù)數(shù)）

2. tint [t?nt] n. 色調(diào)；淡淡的色澤

3. spore [sp??（r）] n.【生】孢子

4. fungus [?f??ɡ?s] n. （[復(fù)] fungi，[?f?nd?a?]）【植】真菌；真菌類植物

5. reverse [r??v??s] adj. 背面的；反面的

6. lacy [?le?si] adj. 蕾絲的；網(wǎng)眼狀的

7. cap [k?p] n.【植】（蘑菇的）菌蓋

8. slime [sla?m] n. 黏質(zhì)物

9. disperse [d??sp??s] vt. 使散布；傳播

10. shade [?e?d] n. （色彩的）濃淡深淺；色度（常與of連用）

11. alga [??lɡ?] n. （[復(fù)] algae，[??ld?i?]）水藻，海藻（常用作復(fù)數(shù)）

12. coniferous [k??n?f?r?s] adj. 針葉樹的；松柏目的

13. ruby [?ru?bi] n. 紅寶石

14. ooze [u?z] vt. 滲出；冒出

15. pore [p??（r）] n. （植物的）氣孔

16. bioluminescent

[?ba???lu?m??nesnt] adj. 生物發(fā)光的

17. neon [?ni??n] adj. 似霓虹燈的

1. Sky Blue Mushroom

Sky Blue mushroom is a species of mushroom found in New Zealand and India. The small mushroom is a distinctive all-blue color， while the gills1） have a slight reddish tint2） from the spores3）. Sky Blue mushroom is not edible， but whether or not it is poisonous is unknown. This species was one of six native fungi4） featured in a set of fungal stamps issued in New Zealand in 2002. It is also seen on the reverse5） side of the $50 bank note， issued by the Reserve Bank of New Zealand in 1990.

2. Veiled Lady Mushroom

This delicate and strange mushroom can be found in gardens and woodlands in southern Asia， Africa， the Americas and Australia. This edible and rather healthful mushroom is used in Chinese cuisine. While the lacy6） skirt is what draws our eyes， the mushroom actually uses the cap7） to draw attention too. It is coated in a greenish-brown slime8） that contains spores—the slime attracts flies and insects that help disperse9） the spores.

3. Turkey Tail

Turkey Tail is a common mushroom found all over the world—though however common it might be， it is always beautiful. Its fan shape and layers of coloring resemble a turkey's tail. Colors can range depending on location and age， and the cap can be shades10） of rust-brown， dark brown， grey， and even black. Some older caps can appear green when they have a greenish algae11） growing on them. The Turkey Tail is considered a medicinal mushroom， and may possibly have positive benefits in protecting against cancer， though this is debated.

4. The Bleeding Tooth Fungus

Allow me to introduce to you one of the more unusual members of Kingdom Fungi， the Bleeding Tooth fungus， which has various names often referring to juice or blood. This fungus can be found in North America where it is more common in the Pacific Northwest and resides mostly in coniferous12） forests. The Bleeding Tooth also makes appearances in Europe， Iran and Korea. Upon a first glimpse of the fungus， one may regard the ruby13）-red liquid as the blood of some poor forest creature splattered across the white mushroom cap. When inspected more closely， it becomes obvious that the fungus is oozing14） liquid through its own small pores15）.

5. Bioluminescent16） Fungi

No， this is not your illusion； you really are seeing bright green mushrooms. These neon17） green mushrooms， to use the technical term， emerge during the rainy season in Japanese and Brazilian forests， scattering the floor with glowing spores. The bases of tree trunks， fallen branches， leaf litter18） and moist soil provide perfect breeding grounds19） for the mushrooms. The appearance of these garish20） looking fungi is due to bioluminescence， one of the weird but wonderful reactions that happen naturally in many plants and animals.

6. Amethyst Deceiver

This purple beauty is found in deciduous21） and coniferous forests in temperate22） zones around North America， Central and South America， Europe and Asia. Though vividly purple when young， older specimens lose their bright coloration and are more difficult to identify， which is why it is called the "deceiver". Though technically edible， it isn't considered a good choice to eat especially because pollutants23） in the soil can accumulate in the mushroom.

7. The Red Cage

The mushroom is known as the red cage， referring to the striking fruit bodies24） that are shaped somewhat like a round or oval hollow sphere with interlaced25） or latticed26） branches. Feeding off decaying woody plant materials， these mushrooms can be found growing in leaf litter， grassy places or on garden soil. Though it isn't clear if it is edible， apparently its smell is enough to deter27） anyone interested in eating it.

1. 天藍(lán)蘑菇

天藍(lán)蘑菇是蘑菇的一種，分布于新西蘭和印度。這種小蘑菇通體呈現(xiàn)出一種特有的藍(lán)色，只是菌褶處帶有一點(diǎn)孢子的淡紅色。天藍(lán)蘑菇不可食用，但是否有毒尚不得知。2002年，新西蘭曾發(fā)行過一套真菌主題的郵票，該套郵票以六種本土真菌為特色，天藍(lán)蘑菇就是其中的一種。新西蘭儲(chǔ)備銀行1990年發(fā)行的50元紙幣的背面也印有這種蘑菇。

2. 竹蓀

這種嬌美、奇異的蘑菇分布于南亞、非洲、美洲和澳大利亞的花園和林地之中。竹蓀能夠食用，且保健價(jià)值非常高，被用在中國菜肴中。雖然其網(wǎng)狀菌裙才是吸引我們眼球的地方，但其實(shí)這種蘑菇也用菌蓋來引起注意。它的菌蓋上面裹著一層含有孢子的綠褐色黏液，這種黏液能夠吸引蒼蠅和昆蟲，從而促進(jìn)孢子的傳播。

3. 火雞尾菇

火雞尾菇是一種常見的蘑菇，遍布世界各地。不管它可能有多么常見，它從來都美麗動(dòng)人。它外形似扇，色彩層疊，看起來就像是火雞的尾巴，且顏色因所處的地域和生長期有所不同。它的菌蓋可能是深淺不同的鐵銹色、深褐色、灰色甚至是黑色。如果菌蓋上面長有某種綠藻，有些老火雞尾菇的菌蓋還能呈現(xiàn)出綠色。人們認(rèn)為火雞尾菇是一種藥用蘑菇，可能對(duì)預(yù)防癌癥具有積極的效果——雖然人們對(duì)這一點(diǎn)仍存在爭議。

4. 出血齒菌

請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我來介紹一下真菌王國更為與眾不同的成員之一：出血齒菌。它有多個(gè)別名，一般都與汁液或血液有關(guān)。這種真菌分布于北美洲，在太平洋西北地區(qū)更為常見，且大多生長在針葉林中。在歐洲、伊朗和韓國也有出血齒菌的身影。它們白色的菌蓋布滿了鮮紅色的液體，乍一看，你可能會(huì)以為那是森林里某只不幸的動(dòng)物所噴濺出來的鮮血。當(dāng)靠近一些仔細(xì)一看，真相就會(huì)顯而易見，原來那是出血齒菌在通過它們的小氣孔分泌液體。

5. 熒光蕈

不，這不是你的幻覺。你看到的確確實(shí)實(shí)是熒綠色的蘑菇。一到雨季，日本和巴西的森林就會(huì)冒出這些——用科學(xué)術(shù)語來說——熒光蕈，它們發(fā)光的孢子綴滿林地。樹干根部、落下的樹枝、落葉層及潮濕的土壤都為熒光蕈提供了理想的生長地。這些發(fā)出耀眼光芒的熒光蕈外觀如此是由于生物發(fā)光現(xiàn)象，這是很多植物和動(dòng)物天生就具有的一種奇特但美妙的化學(xué)反應(yīng)。

6. 紫蠟?zāi)?/p>

這種美麗的紫蘑菇分布于北美洲、中南美洲、歐洲和亞洲溫帶地區(qū)的落葉林和針葉林中，剛長出來時(shí)呈亮紫色，但老一點(diǎn)之后就會(huì)褪去艷麗的色彩，并更加難以識(shí)別，因而被稱為“假花臉蘑”。嚴(yán)格來說，紫蠟?zāi)⒛軌蚴秤?，但?shí)際上它們卻不宜食用，尤其是因?yàn)橥寥览锏奈廴疚锟梢栽谶@種蘑菇中積聚。

7. 紅籠頭菌

紅籠頭菌俗稱紅籠子，因?yàn)樗淖訉?shí)體外形有點(diǎn)像是一個(gè)圓形或橢圓形的中空球體，表面是格網(wǎng)交錯(cuò)或是斜條格構(gòu)狀的分枝，十分引人注目。紅籠頭菌生長在枯枝落葉層、草叢中或花園的土壤里，它們從腐爛的木質(zhì)植物那里汲取養(yǎng)料。盡管目前尚不清楚紅籠頭菌是否可以食用，但顯然單是它的氣味就足以嚇跑任何一個(gè)想要吃它的人。

18. leaf litter： （森林中的）枯枝落葉層

19. breeding grounds： 繁殖地；滋生地

20. garish [?ɡe?r??] adj. 過分鮮艷的；炫目的

21. deciduous [d??s?d?u?s] adj. （樹木）每年秋季落葉的

22. temperate [?temp?r?t] adj. （氣候等）溫帶的；溫和的

23. pollutant [p??lu?t?nt] n. 污染性物質(zhì)，有害物質(zhì)

24. fruit body：【植】（尤指真菌的）子實(shí)體

25. interlaced [??nt??le?st] adj. 交織的，交錯(cuò)的

26. latticed [?l?t?st] adj. （葉等）斜條格構(gòu)狀的

27. deter [d??t??（r）] vt. 威懾；使不敢