楊楸楠, 葉昊宇, 唐 歡, 陳 凱, 陳俐娟, 萬 麗(1.成都中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)中藥材標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,四川成都611137;.四川大學(xué)生物治療國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,四川成都610041)
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馬齒莧中脂肪族化合物的研究
楊楸楠1,2, 葉昊宇2, 唐 歡2, 陳 凱2, 陳俐娟2, 萬 麗1*
(1.成都中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)中藥材標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,四川成都611137;2.四川大學(xué)生物治療國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,四川成都610041)
摘要:目的 研究馬齒莧Portulaca oleracea L.中的脂肪族化合物。方法 馬齒莧石油醚提取物采用硅膠、半制備HPLC色譜柱等方法進(jìn)行分離純化,根據(jù)理化性質(zhì)和波譜技術(shù)對(duì)所得化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行鑒定。結(jié)果 從中分離出12個(gè)化合物,分別鑒定為亞麻酸乙酯(1)、木栓酮(2)、羽扇豆醇(3)、硬脂酸(4)、棕櫚酸(5)、油酸(6)、亞油酸(7)、亞麻酸(8)、(9Z,11E,15Z)-13-羥基-9,11,15-十八碳三烯酸乙酯(9)、(9Z,11E)-13-羥基-9,11-十八碳二烯酸乙酯(10)、13(R)-hydroxy-octadeca-(9Z,11E,15Z)-trienoic acid(11)、馬桑酸(12)。結(jié)論 化合物1、9~12為首次從馬齒莧屬植物中分離得到,并且化合物9的波譜數(shù)據(jù)為首次報(bào)道。
關(guān)鍵詞:馬齒莧;脂肪族化合物;分離鑒定
KEY W 0RDS:Portulaca oleracea L.;a1iphatic compounds;iso1ation and identification
馬齒莧Portulaca oleracea L.系馬齒莧科馬齒莧屬植物馬齒莧的干燥地上部分[1],多生于田邊路野等地,適應(yīng)干旱、鹽堿、貧瘠等惡劣條件,世界各地均有分布[2]。它為藥食兩用植物,具有清熱解毒、涼血止血、止痢的功效,用于熱毒血痢、癰腫疔瘡、濕疹、丹毒、蛇蟲咬傷、便血、痔血、崩漏下血[1]。馬齒莧中主要含有機(jī)酸、黃酮、萜類、生物堿等化合物,具有抗炎、抑菌、抗氧化、降血糖等藥理作用。研究顯示,馬齒莧中豐富的不飽和脂肪酸是人類生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的必需物質(zhì),具有抑制心血管系統(tǒng)疾病、維持免疫系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定的生物活性[3],此外還具有協(xié)同抑菌作用[4]。因此,本實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)馬齒莧的石油醚部位進(jìn)行研究,結(jié)果分離得到12個(gè)脂肪族化合物,包括8個(gè)不飽和脂肪酸(酯)、2個(gè)飽和脂肪酸、2個(gè)其他脂肪族化合物。其中,化合物1、9~12為首次從該屬植物中分離得到,并且首次報(bào)道了化合物9的波譜數(shù)據(jù)。
C605中壓柱層析系統(tǒng)(瑞士Buchi公司);Waters液相色譜儀,包括Waters 2695分離單元、Waters 2996二極管陣列檢測(cè)器、Empower工作站和Waters Sunfire C18反相色譜柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)(美國(guó)Waters公司);半制備型HPLC色譜柱,包括GL-3250泵、C18制備色譜柱(25.4 mm×450 mm,9 μm)(成都格萊精密儀器有限公司);2500UV檢測(cè)器(德國(guó)Knauer公司);N-1100旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)儀(日本Eye1a公司);Bruker AV 600 NMI核磁共振儀(德國(guó)布魯克公司);Waters Q-TOF質(zhì)譜儀(美國(guó)Waters公司);Mi11i-Q純水系統(tǒng)(美國(guó)密理博公司),MCO-18AIC二氧化碳培養(yǎng)箱、MCV-711ATS型超凈工作臺(tái)(日本Sanyo公司);Legend Micro017高速離心機(jī)(美國(guó)Thermo Scientific公司);M5酶標(biāo)儀(德國(guó)Spectromax公司)。GF254薄層硅膠、200~300目柱色譜硅膠(青島海洋化工有限公司)。甲醇為色譜純(天津市科密歐化學(xué)試劑有限公司);氘代試劑(英國(guó)Cambridge Isotope Laboratoriesg公司);其他試劑均為分析純(成都科龍化工廠)。
馬齒莧購(gòu)自四川成都荷花池中藥材市場(chǎng),經(jīng)成都中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)盧先明教授鑒定為馬齒莧科馬齒莧屬植物馬齒莧Portu1aca o1eracea L.的地上部分
取干燥的馬齒莧藥材10 kg,粉碎后用60 L 95%乙醇室溫浸提1周,重復(fù)兩次,合并提取液,減壓濃縮,得到乙醇粗浸膏。將浸膏分散于溫水中,石油醚萃取,萃取液減壓濃縮,得到石油醚層浸膏198 g。
浸膏經(jīng)硅膠柱色譜,石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(1∶0 →0∶1)梯度洗脫后甲醇洗脫,得到26個(gè)流份(Fr.1~Fr.26)。其中,F(xiàn)r.2(12.034 g)經(jīng)硅膠、半制備柱,得到化合物1(23 mg);Fr.6 (2.082 g)和Fr.8(1.528 g)經(jīng)石油醚、甲醇反復(fù)重結(jié)晶,得化合物2(39 mg)、化合物3(23 mg);Fr.9(5.328 g)、10(11.478 g)、13(7.293 g)經(jīng)硅膠、半制備柱,得到化合物4(37 mg)、5 (28 mg)、6(34 mg)、7(24 mg)、8(68 mg);Fr.16(4.918 g)經(jīng)甲醇萃取后,可溶物經(jīng)半制備柱,得到化合物9(12 mg)、10(103 mg);Fr.22 (3.046 g)經(jīng)硅膠、半制備柱,得到化合物11 (18 mg)、12(30 mg)。
化合物1:無色油狀液體。ESI-MS m/z:329.245 1[M+Na]+,分子式C20H34O2。1H-NMI (400 MHz,CDC13)δ:0.98(3H,t,J=7.6 Hz,H-20),1.25(3H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-1),1.28(8H,m,H-6~9),1.62(2H,m,H-5),2.08(2H,m,H-10),2.29(2H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-4),2.81(6H,m,H-13,16,19),4.12(2H,dd,J=14.4,7.2 Hz,H-2),5.34(6H,m,H-11,12,14,15,17,18)。13C-NMI(400 MHz,CDC13)δ:14.2(C-1,20),60.1(C-2),173.9(C-3),34.4(C-4),25.0 (C-5),29.1(C-6~7),29.2(C-8),29.6(C-9),7.2(C-10),130.2(C-11),127.1(C-12),25.6 (C-13),128.2(C-14),128.3(C-15),25.5(C-16),127.7(C-17),131.9(C-18),20.5(C-19)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[5]報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定為亞麻酸乙酯(ethy11ino1enate)。
化合物2:白色針晶。ESI-MS m/z:449.376 6 [M+Na]+,分子式C30H50O。1H-NMI(400 MHz,CDC13)δ:0.73(3H,s,H-29),0.87(3H,s,H-28),0.95(3H,s,H-16),1.00(3H,s,H-25),1.01(3H,s,H-12),1.05(3H,s,H-20),1.18 (3H,s,H-19)。13C-NMI(400 MHz,CDC13)δ:213.2(C-1),59.5(C-2),58.2(C-3),53.1(C-4),42.8(C-5),42.2(C-6),41.5(C-7),41.3 (C-8),39.7(C-9),39.3(C-10),38.3(C-11),37.5(C-12),36.0(C-13),35.6(C-14),35.3 (C-15),35.0(C-16),32.8(C-17),32.4(C-18),32.1(C-19),31.8(C-20),30.5(C-21),30.0(C-22),28.2(C-23),22.3(C-24),20.3 (C-25),18.7(C-26),18.2(C-27),18.0(C-28),14.7(C-29),6.8(C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[6]報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定為木栓酮(friede1in)。
化合物3:白色針狀結(jié)晶。ESI-MS m/z:427.387 9[M+H]+,分子式C30H50O。1H-NMI (400 MHz,CDC13)δ:1.68,1.03,0.97,0.94,0.83,0.79,0.76(各3H,s),其中1.68處的寬單峰是羽扇豆烷型三萜的30-CH3與雙鍵相連的特征峰。13C-NMI(400 MHz,CDC13)δ:38.7(C-1),27.5(C-2),79.0(C-3),38.9(C-4),55.3(C-5),18.3(C-6),34.3(C-7),40.8(C-8),50.4 (C-9),37.2(C-10),20.9(C-11),25.1(C-12),38.1(C-13),42.8(C-14),27.4(C-15),35.6 (C-16),43.0(C-17),48.3(C-18),48.0(C-19),151.0(C-20),29.9(C-21),40.0(C-22),28.0(C-23),15.4(C-24),16.1(C-25),16.0 (C-26),14.6(C-27),18.0(C-28),109.3(C-29),19.3(C-30)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[7]報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定為羽扇豆醇(1upeo1)。
化合物4:白色蠟狀物。ESI-MS m/z:283.273 9[M-H]-,分子式C18H36O2。1H-NMI (400 MHz,CDC13)δ:0.88(3H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-18),1.28(28H,m,H-4~17),1.63(2H,m,H-3),2.34(2H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-2)。13C-NMI (400 MHz,CDC13)δ:178.9(C-1),34.9(C-2),31.9(C-3),29.0~30.0(C-4~15),24.7(C-3),22.8(C-17),14.2(C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[8]報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定為硬脂酸(stearic acid)。
化合物5:白色粉末。ESI-MS m/z:255.241 7 [M-H]-,分子式C16H32O2。1H-NMI(400 MHz,CDC13)δ:0.87(3H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-16),1.28 (24H,m,H-4~15),1.62(2H,m,H-3),2.32 (2H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-2)。13C-NMI(400 MHz,CDC13)δ:180.2(C-1),34.1(C-2),31.9(C-3,14),29.0~29.7(C-4~13),22.6(C-15),14.1 (C-16)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[9]報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定為棕櫚酸(pa1mitic acid)。
化合物6:無色油狀液體。ESI-MS m/z:281.251 1[M-H]-,分子式C18H34O2。1H-NMI (400 MHz,CDC13)δ:0.88(3H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-18),1.25~1.30(20H,m,H-4~7,12~17),1.62(2H,m,H-3),2.03(4H,m,H-8,11),2.35(2H,t,J=7.4 Hz,H-2),5.34(2H,m,H-9,10)。13C-NMI(400 MHz,CDC13)δ:179.8(C-1),34.0(C-2),24.7(C-3),29.2~29.4(C-4 ~7),27.2(C-8,11),129.7(C-9),130.0(C-10),29.5(C-12),29.7(C-13),29.6(C-14,15),31.9(C-16),22.6(C-17),14.1(C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[10]報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定為油酸(o1eic acid)。
化合物7:無色油狀液體。ESI-MS m/z:279.241 7[M-H]-,分子式C18H32O2。1H-NMI(400 MHz,CDC13)δ:0.89(3H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-18),1.30~1.34(14H,m,H-4~7,15~17),1.64(2H,m,H-3),2.04(2H,m,H-8),2.05(2H,m,H-14),2.35(2H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-2),2.77(2H,m,H-11),5.36(4H,m,H-9,10,12,13)。13C-NMI (400 MHz,CDC13)δ:180.2(C-1),34.2(C-2),24.7(C-3),29.2(C-4,5),29.6(C-6),29.3(C-7),27.1(C-8),30.1(C-9),28.0(C-10),25.6 (C-11),127.9(C-12),130.3(C-13),27.2(C-14),29.8(C-15),31.9(C-16),22.5(C-17),14.0 (C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[11]報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定為亞油酸(1ino1eic acid)。
化合物8:無色油狀液體。ESI-MS m/z:277.217 3[M-H]-,分子式C18H30O2。1H-NMI (400 MHz,CDC13)δ:0.98(3H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-18),1.33(8H,m,H-4~7),1.62(2H,m,H-3),2.07(4H,m,H-8,17),2.34(2H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-2),2.81(4H,m,H-11,14),5.36(6H,m,H-9,10,12,13,15,16)。13C-NMI(400 MHz,CDC13)δ:180.2(C-1),34.1(C-2),24.7(C-3),29.1(C-4,5),29.2(C-6),29.6(C-7),27.2(C-8),130.3(C-9),127.1(C-10),25.6 (C-11),128.3(C-12),128.4(C-13),25.5(C-14),127.8(C-15),132.0(C-16),20.6(C-17),14.3(C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[12]報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定為亞麻酸(1ino1enic acid)。
化合物9:無色油狀液體。ESI-MS m/z:345.240 3[M+Na]+,分子式C20H34O3。1H-NMI (400 MHz,CD3OD)δ:0.95(3H,t,J=7.6 Hz,H-18),1.24(3H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-20),1.32 (8H,m,H-4~7),1.60(2H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-3),2.05(2H,m,H-17),2.19(2H,dd,J=15.2,7.2 Hz,H-8),2.29(4H,m,H-2,14),4.10(3H,dd,J=14.0,6.8 Hz,H-13,19),5.40(3H,m,H-9,15,16),5.64(1H,dd,J=15.2,7.2 Hz,H-12),5.96(1H,t,J=10.8 Hz,H-10),6.50(1H,dd,J=15.2,7.2 Hz,H-11)。13C-NMI(400 MHz,CD3OD)δ:175.6(C-1),35.1(C-2),26.1(C-3),30.7(C-4),30.1 ~30.2(C-5~7),28.6(C-8),133.0(C-9),136.7(C-10),126.7(C-11),136.7(C-12),73.2 (C-13),36.3(C-14),125.6(C-15),134.6(C-16),21.7(C-17),14.6(C-18),61.4(C-19),14.6(C-20)。對(duì)比文獻(xiàn)[13]中化合物3的核磁數(shù)據(jù),發(fā)現(xiàn)其-COOH上的-OH被-CH2CH3取代,故鑒定為(9Z,11E,15Z)-13-羥基-9,11,15-十八碳三烯酸乙酯[(9Z,11E,15Z)-13-hydroxy-9,11,15-octade catrienoic acid ethy1ester][14]。
化合物10:無色油狀液體。ESI-MS m/z:347.255 7[M+Na]+,分子式C20H36O3。1H-NMI (400 MHz,CD3OD)δ:0.90(6H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-18,20),1.24(12H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-4~7,15,16),1.32(2H,m,H-17),1.47(2H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-14),1.59(2H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-3),2.19(2H,dd,J=14.0,6.8 Hz,H-8),2.29 (2H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-2),3.32(1H,d,J=15.6 Hz,H-13)4.10(2H,m,H-19),5.40(1H,dd,J=18.4,7.6 Hz,H-9),5.61(1H,dd,J=15.2,6.4 Hz,H-12),5.97(1H,t,J=10.8 Hz,H-10),6.50(1H,dd,J=15.2,11.2 Hz,H-11)。13C-NMI(400 MHz,CD3OD)δ:178.1(C-1),37.6(C-2),28.6(C-3),32.6(C-4),32.7 (C-5),32.8(C-6),33.22(C-7),31.12(C-8),135.4(C-9),129.0(C-10),131.9(C-11),139.9 (C-12),75.9(C-13),41.0(C-14),28.9(C-15),35.5(C-16),26.3(C-17),17.0(C-18),63.9(C-19),17.1(C-20)。對(duì)比化合物9,發(fā)現(xiàn)是其C-15和16位的—C=C—被還原,故鑒定為(9Z,11E)-13羥基-9,11-十八碳二烯酸乙酯[(9Z,11E)-13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid ethy1ester]。
化合物11:無色油狀液體。ESI-MS m/z:293.212 9[M-H]-,分子式C18H30O3。1H-NMI(400 MHz,CDC13)δ:0.95(3H,m,H-18),1.32(8H,m,H-4~7),1.63(2H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-3),2.06 (2H,m,H-8,17),2.34(4H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-2,14),4.14(2H,m,H-13),5.41(2H,m,H-9,15),5.68(2H,dd,J=15.2,6.4 Hz,H-12,16),5.99 (1H,t,J=10.8 Hz,H-10),6.52(1H,m,H-11)。13C-NMI(400 MHz,CD3OD)δ:179.3(C-1),34.0(C-2),24.7(C-3),29.0(C-4~6),29.4(C-7),27.2(C-8),130.7(C-9),127.8(C-10),125.8 (C-11),134.9(C-12),74.2(C-13),37.2(C-14),127.2(C-15),135.9(C-16),27.2(C-17),14.2 (C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[13]報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定為13(R)-hydroxy-octadeca-(9Z,11E,15Z)-trien-oic acid。
化合物12:無色油狀液體。ESI-MS m/z:319.224 6[M+Na]+,分子式C18H32O3。1H-NMI (400 MHz,CDC13)δ:0.89(3H,t,H-7,H-18),1.32(8H,m,H-4,15~17),1.63(2H,t,J=6.8 Hz,H-3),2.17(2H,m,H-8),2.34(4H,t,J=7.2 Hz,H-2),4.16(2H,dd,J=13.2,6.4 Hz,H-13),5.45(1H,m,H-9),5.65(1H,dd,J=15.2,6.8 Hz,H-12),5.97(1H,t,J=10.8 Hz,H-10),6.48(1H,dd,J=15.2,11.2 Hz,H-11)。13C-NMI(400 MHz,CD3OD)δ:179.5(C-1),34.0(C-2),24.7(C-3),29.0~29.4(C-4~7),27.7(C-8),133.1(C-9),127.7(C-10),125.9(C-11),135.6(C-12),72.9(C-13),37.3 (C-14),25.3(C-15),31.5(C-16),22.5(C-17),14.0(C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[15]報(bào)道基本一致,故鑒定為馬桑酸(corio1ic acid)。
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Aliphatic com pounds from Portulaca oleracea L.
YANG Qiu-nan1,2, YE Hao-yu2, TANG Huan2, CHEN Kai2, CHEN Li-juan2, WAN Li1*
(I.Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu 6III37,China;2.State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy,Sichuan University,Chengdu 6IOO4I,China)
ABSTRACT:AIM To study the a1iphatic compounds from Portulaca oleracea L..METH0DS The petro1eum ether extract of Portulaca oleracea L.was iso1ated and purified by si1ica and semi-preparative HPLC co1umn.Then the structures of obtained compoundswere identified by physicochemica1properties and spectrum techno1ogies.RESULTS Twe1ve compoundswere iso1ated and identified as ethy11ino1enate(1),friede1in(2),1upeo1(3),stearic acid(4),pa1mitic acid(5),o1eic acid(6),1ino1eic acid(7),1ino1enic acid(8),(9Z,11E,15Z)-13-hydroxy-9,11,15-octadecatrienoic acid ethy1 ester(9),(9Z,11E)-13-hydroxy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid ethy1ester(10),13(R)-hydroxy-octadeca-(9Z,11E,15Z)-trienoic acid(11),corio1ic acid(12). C0NCLUSI0N Compounds 1,9-12 are iso1ated from genus Portulaca for the first time,and the spectra1data of compound 9 are first1y reported.
*通信作者:萬 麗(1965—),女,教授,博士生導(dǎo)師,從事藥物分析、中藥有效成分及質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)研究。Te1:(028)61800231,E-mai1:wan1i8801@163.com
作者簡(jiǎn)介:楊楸楠(1989—),女,碩士生,從事中藥化學(xué)成分與質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化研究。Te1:(028)61800231,E-mai1:jo1ian0904 @ 163.com
基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(81374017)
收稿日期:2015-09-14
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1528.2016.03.022
中圖分類號(hào):I284.1
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
文章編號(hào):1001-1528(2016)03-0583-05