段志勇 廖敏蕾
(上海市第一人民醫(yī)院寶山分院心內(nèi)科,上海 200940)
貝那普利對(duì)慢性心力衰竭患者療效及血漿腦鈉素、高敏C反應(yīng)蛋白水平的影響
段志勇 廖敏蕾
(上海市第一人民醫(yī)院寶山分院心內(nèi)科,上海 200940)
目的觀察貝那普利對(duì)慢性心力衰竭患者療效及血漿腦鈉素(BNP)、高敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hs-CRP)水平的影響。方法選擇2011年1月至2014年1月在我院就診的慢性心力衰竭的患者80例,隨機(jī)將患者分為觀察組和對(duì)照組,每組各40例。對(duì)照組予以常規(guī)治療,觀察組在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上予以貝那普利治療,觀察治療后的療效,及治療前后左室收縮末期容積(LVESd),左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(LVEF),左室舒張末期容積(LVEDd),6 min步行試驗(yàn)(6MWT),BNP 和hs-CRP水平的變化。結(jié)果觀察組的總有效率為97.50%明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組的80.00%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=4.507,P<0.05)。治療后LVEDd,LVESd,6MWT,BNP和hs-CRP水平均較治療前明顯降低(P<0.01),觀察組的降低水平更為明顯(P<0.01);而LVEF水平均較治療前明顯升高(P<0.01),觀察組的升高水平更為明顯(P<0.01)。結(jié)論貝那普利對(duì)慢性心力衰竭患者療效顯著,具有改善心功能,抑制機(jī)體的炎癥,值得在臨床推廣應(yīng)用。
慢性心力衰竭;高敏C反應(yīng)蛋白;腦鈉肽;療效
慢性心力衰竭是常見(jiàn)病多發(fā)病,隨著我國(guó)邁入老年社會(huì),其發(fā)病率呈逐漸上升的趨勢(shì),并成為嚴(yán)重的公共衛(wèi)生問(wèn)題[1]。隨著對(duì)其機(jī)制的研究的深入,目前公認(rèn)其發(fā)病與腎素-血管緊張素-醛固酮系統(tǒng)(RAAS)具有明顯的聯(lián)系,對(duì)其抑制是治療的關(guān)鍵[2]。我院采用貝那普利治療慢性心力衰竭取得了良好的療效,報(bào)道如下。
1.1 臨床資料:選擇2011年1月至2014年1月在我院就診的慢性心力衰竭的患者80例,均符合慢性心力衰竭的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),心功能分級(jí)為Ⅱ~Ⅳ級(jí)。隨機(jī)將患者分為觀察組和對(duì)照組,每組各40例。其中觀察組男28例,女12例,平均年齡(54.68±12.34)(45~75)歲,根據(jù)心力衰竭的病因分為:冠心病16例,風(fēng)心病5例,擴(kuò)張性心肌病10例和高血壓病9例。按照心功能分級(jí)分為Ⅱ級(jí)9例,Ⅲ級(jí)21例,Ⅳ級(jí)10例;對(duì)照組男27例,女13例,平均年齡(54.98±11.34)(44~75)歲,根據(jù)心力衰竭的病因分為:冠心病14例,風(fēng)心病6例,擴(kuò)張性心肌病11例和高血壓病9例。按照心功能分級(jí)分為Ⅱ級(jí)10例,Ⅲ級(jí)22例,Ⅳ級(jí)8例。排除患者有嚴(yán)重肝腎功能不全,血壓嚴(yán)重異常;對(duì)貝那普利過(guò)敏者;有其他急慢性感染性疾病的患者。兩組在年齡,性別,病因等一般資料差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,具有可比性。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 治療策略:對(duì)照組予以吸氧,控制鈉鹽攝入,并予以強(qiáng)心利尿(洋地黃及利尿劑等),適當(dāng)選擇β阻斷劑,硝酸酯類擴(kuò)張血管的藥物。觀察組在對(duì)照組的基礎(chǔ)上予以貝那普利2.5毫克/次,并根據(jù)患者的耐受情況予以逐漸加量至10毫克/次,2次/天,療程為3個(gè)月。治療期間定期復(fù)查血常規(guī),肝腎功能電解質(zhì)等常規(guī)檢查。
1.2.2 療效評(píng)價(jià):患者用藥后3個(gè)月開始療效評(píng)價(jià):治療后臨床癥狀和體征消失,心功能為Ⅰ級(jí),為顯效;治療后臨床癥狀和體征明顯好轉(zhuǎn),心功能為Ⅱ級(jí)為有效;心功能治療后無(wú)明顯改善,甚至惡化者為無(wú)效。
1.2.3 觀察指標(biāo):治療前和治療后3個(gè)月予以心臟超聲檢查ā左室收縮末期容積(LVESd),左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(LVEF) 和左室舒張末期容積(LVEDd)。同樣對(duì)在治療前后進(jìn)行外周靜脈血通過(guò)自動(dòng)生化儀對(duì)腦鈉肽和高敏C反應(yīng)蛋白進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。同時(shí)觀察治療前后6 min步行試驗(yàn)(6MWT)距離。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法:運(yùn)用SPSS19.0軟件,計(jì)量資料以()表示,獨(dú)立因素的兩組變量的比較采用t檢驗(yàn),治療前后比較,采用配對(duì)t檢驗(yàn)。計(jì)數(shù)資料用率表示,兩組間率比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)α=0.05。
2.1 兩組療效的比較:從表1可知,觀察組的總有效率為97.50%明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組的80.00%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=4.507,P<0.05)。
2.2 兩組治療前后對(duì)左心功能的影響:從表2可知兩組治療前的LVEDd,LVESd和LVEF差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),治療后LVEDd和LVESd水平均較治療前明顯降低(P<0.01),而LVEF水平較治療前明顯升高(P<0.01),觀察組的降低或者升高水平更為明顯(P<0.01)。
表2 兩組治療前后對(duì)左心功能的變化
表3 兩組治療前后6MWT,BNP和hs-CRP水平變化
表1 兩組療效的比較
2.3 兩組治療前后6MWT,BNP和hs-CRP水平變化:從表3可知,兩組治療前6MWT,BNP和hs-CRP水平差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),治療后兩組的6MWT,BNP和hs-CRP水平均較治療前明顯降低(P<0.01),而觀察組的降低水平更為明顯(P<0.01)。
慢性心力衰竭是由于多種原因造成心肌細(xì)胞的損傷,在多種神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌和細(xì)胞因子參與下,導(dǎo)致心肌結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的改變,最終導(dǎo)致心肌泵血功能障礙的臨床癥候群。現(xiàn)已經(jīng)證實(shí)交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和RAAS系統(tǒng)的過(guò)度激活與慢性心力衰竭具有明顯的相關(guān)性,由此引起神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌對(duì)心臟的損害[3]。根據(jù)這一機(jī)制臨床上人們運(yùn)用神經(jīng)激素拮抗劑如血管緊張素轉(zhuǎn)換酶抑制劑(ACEI)受到了學(xué)者們的廣泛關(guān)注。ACEI能夠治療慢性心力衰竭與下列機(jī)制相關(guān)[4]:抑制RAAS系統(tǒng),對(duì)血管和腎臟直接發(fā)揮作用,從而達(dá)到對(duì)交感神經(jīng)和醛固酮的分泌;作用激肽酶,抑制緩激肽的降解,從而達(dá)到擴(kuò)張血管,減輕心臟負(fù)荷和改善心臟動(dòng)力學(xué)的作用。ACEI類中的貝那普利是一種新型的血管轉(zhuǎn)換酶抑制劑,具有良好的抑制RAAS系統(tǒng),作用激肽酶和擴(kuò)血管的前列腺素生成增多,從而達(dá)到改善心臟供血,改善心臟功能的作用[5]。本組研究表明貝那普利使用后,其有效率明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,并且在改善心功能方面明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組。
B型腦鈉肽(BNP)是心室中合成,儲(chǔ)存和釋放的激素,當(dāng)心肌病變是,能刺激左心室快速合成和釋放BNP,且其半衰期很短,僅為22 min,故其能敏感地反映左室的功能,并認(rèn)為BNP是心力衰竭和心室功能不良的特異性指標(biāo),是心力衰竭嚴(yán)重程度的量化指標(biāo),其水平越高,左室功能惡化越高[6,7]。C反應(yīng)蛋白是肝臟合成的急性期反應(yīng)蛋白,正常情況下微量的形式存在血液中,在特異性和非特異性炎癥刺激可以使其快速升高,其水平可以反應(yīng)血管內(nèi)皮受損程度,并認(rèn)為與心血管危險(xiǎn)性呈正相關(guān),與心力衰竭嚴(yán)重程度呈正相關(guān)[8]。6MWT早在60年代被運(yùn)用于臨床評(píng)估心力衰竭,近些年來(lái)又重新被重視,主要對(duì)心功能衰竭Ⅲ~Ⅳ級(jí)的患者的價(jià)值較高,是心力衰竭患者疾病嚴(yán)重程度和預(yù)后的重要指標(biāo),心力衰竭越嚴(yán)重,其步行距離越短,由于其直接反映患者的實(shí)際活動(dòng)能力,對(duì)患者的預(yù)后意義較大[9]。本組研究表明貝那普利治療后,心力衰竭患者的BNP,hs-CRP和6MWT均較對(duì)照組明顯降低,說(shuō)明貝那普利能夠明顯降低左室負(fù)荷,抑制機(jī)體釋放BNP和hs-CRP釋放,同時(shí)對(duì)患者的活動(dòng)能力具有明顯提高作用。
總之,貝那普利對(duì)慢性心力衰竭患者療效顯著,具有改善心功能,抑制機(jī)體的炎癥,值得在臨床推廣應(yīng)用。
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Efficacy of Benazepril in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Their Impact on the Levels of Brain Natriuretic Peptide, High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein
DUAN Zhi-yong, LIAO Min-lei
(Department of Cardiology, Baoshan Branch of Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200940, China)
ObjectiveTo observe the efficacy of benazepril in patients with chronic heart failure and their impact on the levels of brain natriuretic peptide(BNP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).Methods80 patients with chronic heart failure, from January 2011 to January 2014, were randomly divided into observation group and control group, each group had 40 cases. The control group received conventional treatment, observation group were gave benazepril in the basis of the control group, the efficacy after treatment, and the levels of left ventricular end-systolic volume(LVESd), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDd), 6 min walk test (6MWT), BNP and hs-CRP before and after treatment were observed in each groups.ResultsThe total effective rate was 97.50% in observation group significantly better than 80.00% in control group, the difference was statistically significant(χ2=4.507, P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of LVEDd, LVESd, 6MWT, BNP and hs-CRP were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.01), lower levels in observation group were more obvious(P<0.01); while, the levels of LVEF were significantly higher compared with those before treatment(P<0.01), the elevated levels were more obvious in observation group(P<0.01).ConclusionThe efficacy of benazepril in patients with chronic heart failure is obvious, with improved cardiac function and inhibitory body's inflammation, it is worthy of clinical application.
Chronic heart failure; High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; Brain natriuretic peptide; Efficacy
R541.6
B
1671-8194(2015)02-0042-02