巴黎克里?！ぐ偷倌鶌W勒街區(qū)：內(nèi)城更新的成功案例

朱利奧·維蒂尼/Giulio Verdini

黃華青 譯/Translated by HUANG Huaqing

巴黎克里?！ぐ偷倌鶌W勒街區(qū)：內(nèi)城更新的成功案例

Clichy-Batignolles, Paris: A Case of Successful Inner-city Regeneration

朱利奧·維蒂尼/Giulio Verdini

黃華青 譯/Translated by HUANG Huaqing

記憶與再生

欄目主持：米凱利·博尼諾，皮埃爾-阿蘭·克羅塞特

本專(zhuān)欄的第三篇文章討論的是內(nèi)城火車(chē)站區(qū)域的更新設(shè)計(jì)。針對(duì)巴黎圣拉扎爾車(chē)站改造這一精彩案例的分析來(lái)自于朱利奧·維蒂尼，他是一位在中國(guó)和巴黎從業(yè)的建筑師、城市規(guī)劃師。這個(gè)新近完成的項(xiàng)目在不同層面都擁有很高的品質(zhì)：它是一次通過(guò)征詢公眾意見(jiàn)來(lái)進(jìn)行規(guī)劃的創(chuàng)新試驗(yàn)，是圍繞一個(gè)優(yōu)美公園組織的新型混合功能街區(qū)，還擁有通過(guò)公開(kāi)競(jìng)標(biāo)建成的一系列有趣的當(dāng)代建筑。老鐵路的記憶被重新演繹為城市中的重要連接體，巴黎市也又一次展現(xiàn)了它難能可貴的自我更新的能力?！?/p>

Memory and Regeneration

Column Editors: Michele Bonino, Pierre-Alain Croset

The third issue of the column deals with the regeneration of inner-city rail station areas. The successful case of Gare Saint-Lazare in Paris is analyzed by Giulio Verdini, an architect and urban planner based in China and Paris. The quality of this recent project is evident at different levels: as an innovative experiment of planning with public consultation, as a new mixed-used neighbourhood organized around a beautiful park, as a collection of interesting contemporary buildings promoted through open architecture competitions. The memory of the old rails has been interpreted as an occasion for creating significant urban connections, and the city of Paris demonstrated again and again its rare capacity to regenerate itself. □

1 鳥(niǎo)瞰/Aerial view（圖片版權(quán)/Copyright: ?Vectuel - Studiosezz PBA）

2 更新前的鐵路區(qū)域/The railway area before the regeneration（圖片版權(quán)/Copyright: ?Philippe Guignard - Air Images）

3 新城市樞紐：克里希-巴蒂涅奧勒街區(qū)與城市交通/A new urban hub: Clichy-Batignolles and the city mobility（圖片版權(quán)/Copyright: ?Marie de Paris）

內(nèi)城火車(chē)站區(qū)域的更新歷來(lái)不是件輕松的工作，這在1990年代以來(lái)諸多的歐洲城市中都已經(jīng)得到印證。倫敦的國(guó)王十字車(chē)站和柏林的中央火車(chē)站區(qū)域都是著名的更新案例，此外還有鹿特丹和斯圖加特中央火車(chē)站這些爭(zhēng)議性的案例，它們都表明了這個(gè)更新過(guò)程有多么復(fù)雜而難料。其原因包括眾多相互角力的私人及公眾影響、改造帶來(lái)的未知花費(fèi)及收益，以及市民群體在其中扮演的越來(lái)越重要的角色。這個(gè)位于巴黎17區(qū)的克里?！ぐ偷倌鶌W勒開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)更新項(xiàng)目同樣如此。不過(guò)，隨著項(xiàng)目的建造漸入佳境，我們愈發(fā)可以看出，它很可能會(huì)成為歐洲內(nèi)城最成功的更新案例之一。這篇簡(jiǎn)要介紹的目的就是勾勒出這一成功案例背后的構(gòu)思和動(dòng)機(jī)，以展現(xiàn)這個(gè)理應(yīng)矛盾重重而得到未充分利用的地段如何成為讓巴黎西北區(qū)改頭換面的良機(jī)。

更新項(xiàng)目所影響的區(qū)域原先屬于圣拉扎爾火車(chē)站，位于巴蒂涅奧勒的奧斯曼式城市肌理和巴黎的城市環(huán)路之間。它原為物流倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)用地，后逐漸被廢棄。對(duì)于該區(qū)域的改造興趣最初始于申報(bào)2012年奧運(yùn)會(huì)的準(zhǔn)備期，當(dāng)時(shí)該區(qū)域被規(guī)劃為奧運(yùn)村的所在地。然而，隨著2005年奧運(yùn)會(huì)主辦權(quán)落戶倫敦，負(fù)責(zé)這一區(qū)域規(guī)劃的團(tuán)隊(duì)（包括規(guī)劃師弗朗索瓦·格雷特爾、景觀設(shè)計(jì)師杰奎琳·奧斯蒂、OGI工程咨詢公司）被要求提出一個(gè)新的方案，將其改造為54hm2的混合功能街區(qū)，可容納3400戶家庭（其中必須包括50%的社會(huì)住宅以及10hm2的公共綠地）。從一開(kāi)始，該項(xiàng)目的構(gòu)思就是對(duì)貝特朗·德拉諾埃市長(zhǎng)提出的大型城市項(xiàng)目新型公眾參與機(jī)制的一次實(shí)驗(yàn)，而實(shí)際上，公眾的意見(jiàn)在這一項(xiàng)目中是決定性的。其中，當(dāng)?shù)厥忻褡铌P(guān)心的問(wèn)題之一是基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的短缺，尤其是巴黎13號(hào)線地鐵的擁擠問(wèn)題。在激烈討論之后，市政府同意在2009年項(xiàng)目完成后，就將14號(hào)線地鐵延長(zhǎng)至此以疏解交通壓力，為預(yù)計(jì)住在這里的6500名居民提供便利。

除了采用這一城市規(guī)劃方法之外，很多其他因素也積極促成了克里?！ぐ偷倌鶌W勒項(xiàng)目的成功。最近完成的“馬丁·路德·金”公園為該區(qū)域帶來(lái)了新的向心性，它利用老鐵路的遺址為整個(gè)街區(qū)創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)步行連接的樞紐。景觀的介入提升了整個(gè)區(qū)域的居住質(zhì)量，如今公園也已充分為人們的體育活動(dòng)和休閑生活所使用。通過(guò)保留部分舊鐵路結(jié)構(gòu)，并賦予一些歷史場(chǎng)所以新的功能，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目認(rèn)可并保留了這片區(qū)域的記憶。例如，1842年的關(guān)稅城墻遺址，還有1898年加尼埃設(shè)計(jì)的巴黎歌劇院裝潢百貨——它后來(lái)被改造為劇院，如今是巴黎歌劇院的分劇場(chǎng)之一。整個(gè)開(kāi)發(fā)進(jìn)程（依然在進(jìn)行中）被分成幾個(gè)截然不同的建造階段，包括住宅和服務(wù)業(yè)功能。公開(kāi)競(jìng)標(biāo)確保其擁有多樣化的當(dāng)代建筑風(fēng)貌。最終并且極為重要的是，巴黎最高法院新址這個(gè)體量龐大的項(xiàng)目由倫佐·皮亞諾建筑事務(wù)所贏得競(jìng)標(biāo)。這座建筑（高160m、共38層，預(yù)計(jì)在2017年完成）將會(huì)構(gòu)成整個(gè)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)域的北部邊界，并將成為沿著巴黎城市環(huán)路的當(dāng)代新地標(biāo)。在公園中散步時(shí)，人們不僅可以感受正在拔地而起的全新當(dāng)代建筑，同時(shí)也能體驗(yàn)作為背景的奧斯曼式老巴黎，再一次展現(xiàn)了這座城市如何在不顛覆過(guò)去的前提下超越自我。□

4城市更新項(xiàng)目概念規(guī)劃：公園路徑作為現(xiàn)存街道和對(duì)角線大街連接巴蒂涅奧勒廣場(chǎng)與克里希門(mén)/Conceptual plan of the regeneration project: the park's paths act as extension of existing streets and a large diagonal lane connects Square des Batignolles to Porte de Clichy（圖片版權(quán)/ Copyright: ?Marie de Paris）

5 新馬丁·路德·金公園：南側(cè)/The new Martin Luther King Park: south part（圖片版權(quán)/ Copyright: ?Arch. Marcello Bozzarelli）

6 公園的對(duì)角線路/The diagonal lane of the park（圖片版權(quán)/Copyright: ?Author）

7 舊谷倉(cāng)的再利用/The reuse of an old warehouse（圖片版權(quán)/Copyright: ?Arch. Marcello Bozzarelli）

8 保留的鐵路/Remnants of the old rail（圖片版權(quán)/Copyright: ?Arch. Marcello Bozzarelli）

The regeneration of inner-city rail station areas is never an easy task, as has been witnessed in many European cities since the 1990s. Famous cases of regeneration such as King's Cross in London and the Central Station area in Berlin, together with the more controversial cases of Rotterdam Centraal and Stuttgart, suggest how complex and unpredictable the process can be. This is due to the presence of many competing private and public actors, uncertain costs and benefits of the transformations, and an increasing and crucial role played by the civil society. The case of the regeneration project of the ZAC (zone d'aménagement concerté) Clichy-Batignolles in the 17th arrondissement of Paris is no exception. However, now that the project is in an advanced state of construction it is becoming apparent that it will probably be one of the most successful cases of inner-city regeneration in Europe. The goal of this brief presentation will be to outline the motives behind this success, showing how a potentially conflictive and underused site has turned into a unique opportunity for transforming the image of the northwest sector of Paris.

The area affected by the regeneration is located in the former railway station area of Gare Saint-Lazare between the historic Hausmannian fabrics of Batignolles and the ring road (Périphérique) of Paris. It was previously used for logistic purposes but then gradually abandoned. The interest for regeneration began during the preparation of the 2012 Olympics bid, as this area was then designated to host the Olympic Village. However, when the Games were later granted to London in 2005, the team in charge of the master plan (urban planner Fran?ois Grether, landscape architect Jacqueline Osty and the engineering firm OGI) was asked to develop a proposal for a new mixed-use neighbourhood of 54 hectares, for almost 3400 new households (50% allocated for social housing with the presence of 10 hectares of green space). The project was, since the beginning, conceived as a way to experiment with the new season of participation introduced by the Mayor Bertrand Delano? for big urban projects and, in fact, the public consultation (enquête publique) has been determinant. One of the main concerns of local citizens was the lack of infrastructural support, particularly regarding the congestion of the existing Parisian subway Line 13. As a result of tense negotiation, the city approved the extension of Line 14 in 2009 to release the traffic and support the allocation of the expected 6500 inhabitants, once the project is completed.

Besides the adopted urban planning process, many other factors actively contribute to thesuccessful result of Clichy-Batignolles. The recent completion of the park "Martin Luther King" has created a new centrality in the area where remnants of the old rails have been used to design a hub of pedestrian connections for the entire neighbourhood. The landscape intervention provides great quality for the entire area, and the park is already fully used for sport activities and leisure time. The project acknowledges the memory of the area by preserving some old railways structures and redefining the role of some historic sites. For example the walls of 1842 (Mur du Bastion) or the Magasins des décors de l'Opéra de Paris, realised by Garnier in 1898 and later transformed into a theatre, which hosts today performances of the famous brother theatre of Opéra. The entire development process (still ongoing) has been divided into several distinct architectural interventions for residential and tertiary uses. Open public competitions can ensure a diverse contemporary architecture landscape. Finally yet important, the massive project of the new courthouse of Paris (Palais de Justice), has been granted by the Renzo Piano Building Workshop. The building (160 m in height, 38 floors, and expected to be completed in 2017) will form the north boundary of the entire intervention. This is going to be another contemporary landmark for Paris, along the Périphérique. By walking through the park, one can experience both a new catalogue of contemporary architecture, which is materialising, and the haussmanian Paris in the backstage. It is once again an example on how this city can reinvent itself without denying its past. □

10 未來(lái)巴黎法院將成為城市新地標(biāo)（建設(shè)中）/The future Paris Courthouse as a new city landmark (under construction)（圖片版權(quán)/Copyright: ?L'autre image, Labtop et Lansac，圖片來(lái)源/Resource: Marie de Paris (2015), Clichy-Batignolles. Paris N/W 2015. Available at: http://www.clichy-batignolles.fr/english）

9 公園入口的居住建筑/The residential buildings at the entrance of the park（圖片版權(quán)/Copyright: ?Arch. Marcello Bozzarelli）

西交利物浦大學(xué)

2015-11-09