瑞典漢學(xué)家林西莉的古琴情緣：中國文化將長存于世

By Sun Ye

瑞典漢學(xué)家林西莉的古琴情緣：中國文化將長存于世

Timeless Tunes

By Sun Ye

林西莉女士手捧由她擔(dān)任專輯策劃人，由大陸古琴演奏家鄧鴻及簫演奏家陳莎莎所演奏的古琴專輯——《心音琴簫》

20世紀(jì)60年代早期，林西莉師從幾位頂級(jí)大師，在北京學(xué)習(xí)中國傳統(tǒng)樂器——古琴。這段教育經(jīng)歷使她能夠在國際舞臺(tái)上向聽眾介紹古琴獨(dú)特的聲音。

Cecilia Lindqvist studied guqin, a Chinese zither, under some of the best masters of the instrument in Beijing in the early 1960s. It was an education that allowed her introduce the guqin’s unique sounds to audiences on the international stage.

年長者已到臨終之時(shí)，最后一次見面，兩位50年的老朋友聊起了七弦琴——古琴。

When the two friends of some 50 years saw each other for the lasttime, at the older woman’s deathbed, they spoke about a sevenstring plucked instrument, guqin.

“她的最后一個(gè)問題是，‘關(guān)于這種樂器你還想知道點(diǎn)什么呢？’”82歲的瑞典漢學(xué)家林西莉回憶著2005年冬日午后的那次會(huì)面，淚水涌出雙眼。她的良師益友王迪4天后去世。

“Her final question was,’Is there anything you’d want to know about the instrument?’” recalls 82-year-old Swedish Sinologist Cecilia Lindqvist of that 2005 meeting on a wintry afternoon, tears welling in her eyes. Her friend and instructor, Wang Di, passed away four days later.

作為她們最終的話題，沒有什么比古琴更合適。這種擁有4000年歷史的樂器讓她們相會(huì)，而學(xué)習(xí)古琴也成為了林西莉一生的專注。

林西莉，瑞中協(xié)會(huì)前主席，斯德哥爾摩大學(xué)教授，北京語言文化大學(xué)教授。她的書《古琴》于王迪去世幾個(gè)月后寫作完成。

It’s only appropriate that the final subject the two friends spokeabout would be guqin, the 4,000 year-old instrument that brought them together and has been the focus of Lindqvist’s lifelong study.

林西莉的書在2006年出版后很快贏得了瑞典最大的文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)——奧古斯特獎(jiǎng)。這本書將古琴音樂描述為“文明的命運(yùn)，情感和夢(mèng)想”，這本書已經(jīng)加入中國中學(xué)生的必讀清單。今年春天，修訂后的第二版將問世。

Lindqvist, former chair of the Sweden-China Association and professor of Stockholm University and Beijing Language and Culture University, finished writing her book, Qin, several months later. The book was released in 2006 and promptly won one of Sweden’s biggest literary prizes, the August Award. The book details guqin music as well as “civilization’s fate, feelings and dreams”and recently was added to the required reading list for Chinese middle-school students. Its revised second-edition is due out this spring.

林西莉師從瑞典著名漢學(xué)家高本漢，精通鋼琴、魯特琴和多種語言。她在28歲這一年來到中國，尋找不一樣的音樂?！柏惗喾夷菢拥奈鞣揭魳愤^于陽剛?！绷治骼蜻@樣說。

Lindqvist, student of famed Swedish Sinologist Klas Bernhard Johannes Karlgren, who is well-versed in piano, lute and several languages, came to China at the age of 28 in search of a different kind of music. “Western music, like Beethoven, is too masculine.”she says.

那是1961年，“全世界的無產(chǎn)者聯(lián)合起來！”還是北京大學(xué)的語言課的例句。那是困難時(shí)期，林西莉靠滴注蛋白維持體力，而其他大學(xué)生則要?jiǎng)兪硺淦ぁ?/p>

It was 1961, and her Peking University language classes were still taught with “Proletariat around the world, unite!” as example sentences. Times were so bad that she had to sustain herself on intravenous drips of protein while the rest of the university students peeled twigs off trees for food.

但她感謝接下來的兩年，在北京古琴研究會(huì)度過的這兩年在她的記憶中是“美好的時(shí)光”。研究會(huì)的庭院里住著全國最有名的古琴演奏者。當(dāng)時(shí)年近40的王迪成為了她的老師。

But she would be grateful for the following two years and remember them as “wonderful times”,as she spent them at the Guqin Research Center, a courtyard that housed the country’s most celebrated guqin players. Wang Di, who was then in her late 30s, became her instructor.

林西莉愛上了古琴?？侦`清澈，百轉(zhuǎn)千回，琴聲“包容萬物，如此豐富，令人沉醉”。

Lindqvist fell for the guqin, whose sounds are “a combination of absolutely fascinating rich mixture” that run from airy twinkling to dithering tomes.

古琴不僅僅是一種異國的樂器。

But it’s not just another exotic instrument.

沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)教程，也沒有練習(xí)曲。林西莉的學(xué)習(xí)開始于100首尚存于世的古曲。她在學(xué)琴之前必須沐浴。和弦甚少，樂譜上也不標(biāo)明拍子。古琴的精髓在于智，關(guān)乎理想中的高貴品質(zhì)和優(yōu)雅舉止。古琴是大智者的表達(dá)。

There are no scales or etudes to get used to. One starts with one of 100 tunes that still exist. One has to take a bath before playing. There are rarely any chords. The scores have no marked tempo.

林西莉說，王迪教過她，“（古琴）音樂是開放內(nèi)心、聯(lián)系自然的方式?！彼f王迪對(duì)于西方音樂的刻板和實(shí)用主義“感到遺憾”。

The essence is the mentality, the ideals of noble characters and graceful bearing. It’s the expression of upper-class scholars.

“我開始明白，這就是不同的（音樂），”林西莉說，“（這種音樂）關(guān)乎內(nèi)心的平靜，關(guān)乎生命和自然的一切。”

Lindqvist says Wang taught her that “(Guqin) music is a way to get your heart to open and connect with nature”. She says Wang“felt sorry” about the stringent and practical Western ways.

在她們坐下來演奏之前，王迪會(huì)講解和曲子有關(guān)的故事、曲子的氣質(zhì)以及背后精深的禮儀。傳統(tǒng)意義上，古琴是由古代智者演奏，用于表達(dá)自我的。最有名的古琴曲大都經(jīng)歷了好幾代人的傳承。為了演奏出原作者的真意，了解音樂背后的心境、情感和歷史非常重要。

“I began to understand that this is something else,” Lindqvist says,“It’s for your inner peace, it’s for all the things in life and nature.”

林西莉?qū)压徘俚墓适吕^續(xù)講下去，講給全世界聽。

Before they sat down to play, Wang would tell the stories, temperaments and scholarly manners behind the tune. Guqin was traditionally played by scholars in ancient times to express themselves. Most renowned guqin tunes have been handed down through the generations. To play them as the original composer intended, it is important to know the mood, feeling and history behind the music.

作為古琴研究中心第一個(gè)、也是唯一一個(gè)學(xué)生，林西莉離開時(shí)收到了幾位古琴大師一同贈(zèng)送的獨(dú)特禮物——20首古琴曲的演奏錄音，演奏者皆為大家，其中包括管

Lindqvist would continue to tell the stories of the guqin all over the world.平湖、查阜西和溥雪齋，他們的音樂曾被送往外太空。這是一份令她無法忘懷的禮物。

回到家鄉(xiāng)，林西莉開始教書。她教授的內(nèi)容包括文學(xué)、歷史和漢語。在她的努力下，漢語于1971年融入瑞典教育系統(tǒng)。她為學(xué)藝術(shù)史的學(xué)生播放那獨(dú)特的送別禮物，直到唱片丟失。唱片去年被找到，內(nèi)容已經(jīng)被收錄在《古琴》中。

As the first and only student at the research center, the master guqin players banded together to present her with a one-of-a-kind farewell gift, a live recording of some 20 tunes played by the masters (among them Guan Pinghu, Zha Fuxi and Fu Xuezhai, whose music was sent to space on the Voyager) so that she wouldn’t forget.

這本書是林西莉獻(xiàn)給老師的禮物，為此她付出了15年的探索。

When she returned home to teach (she has been teaching literature, history and Chinese, incorporating the latter into the Swedish school system in 1971), she played the disc to her art history students until she lost it. The disc was found last year, and was included in Qin. The book, which she spent 15 years researching, was a tribute to her teachers.

這本書也是給未來一代的記錄?！埃ㄔ?0世紀(jì)90年代）開始寫這本書的時(shí)候，我堅(jiān)信古琴會(huì)失傳，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)沒有人學(xué)古琴?！绷治骼蜻@樣說。

It was also a document for future generations. “When I wrote the book (in the 1990s) I was absolutely sure guqin will never survive, because nobody was studying it.” she says.

現(xiàn)在，她不再這樣想，而是相信古琴能夠長存。這不只是因?yàn)楣徘俪蔀榱耸澜绶俏镔|(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)項(xiàng)目，也因?yàn)楹芏嗳苏退粯臃e極地將這項(xiàng)藝術(shù)推向世界，因?yàn)楣徘儆幸环N永駐的力量，能夠經(jīng)受住時(shí)間。

Now, she has changed her mind and is convinced the instrument will last. Not only because it became a World Intangible Cultural Heritage item and many others like her are actively promoting the art worldwide, but also because it has a staying power that withstands the test of time.

故宮博物院的古琴學(xué)者鄭珉中給林西莉看了10架古琴。其中多數(shù)高貴、美麗、歷史悠久，和林西莉的明代古琴一樣經(jīng)歷了百年風(fēng)云。不過有一架好琴是新琴?！跋胂氚?，這在500年之內(nèi)都是極為了不起的?！?鄭珉中這樣說。

Zheng Minzhong, the guqin scholar of the Palace Museum recently brought 10 guqin for Lindqvist to see. Most of them were – much like her own Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) instrument - regal,historical, beautiful and rich with hundred of years of experiences.

“這太觸動(dòng)人了，”林西莉輕嘆，“我們通常沒有那樣的眼界，不知道在我們身后幾百年，一種事物會(huì)不會(huì)發(fā)展得越來越好?！?/p>

One of them is very good but new. “Imagine. In 500 years this will be absolutely marvelous.” Zheng said.

她還相信，飽經(jīng)風(fēng)雨的中國文化將始終如一，長存于世。

“It’s extremely moving,” Lindqvist says with a little sigh, “We don’t usually have that perspective, for something will get better and better in the hundreds of years long after we are gone.”

從20世紀(jì)70年代起，林西莉幾乎每年都會(huì)為諸多和中國有關(guān)的項(xiàng)目來訪，其中就包括她的甲骨文考古研究。她的《漢字王國》揭示了幾百個(gè)漢字所經(jīng)歷的演變，是另一本奧古斯特獎(jiǎng)獲獎(jiǎng)作品。林西莉參與的工作還包括關(guān)于全國各地婦女生活的電視紀(jì)錄片，關(guān)于陜西剪紙的研究和關(guān)于年畫的年代學(xué)研究。

She also believes that Chinese culture, with its ample share of upsand downs, will always be consistent and will live on.

She has visited China almost every year since the 1970s, for many China-related projects, including her archaeological study of oraclebone characters. China: Empire of Living Symbols, a book that uncovers the evolution of a few hundred Chinese characters, is her other August Award winner. She has also worked on TV documentaries about the life of women in various parts of the country, a study on the art of paper-cutting in Shaanxi province, a chronology of Lunar New Year posters and more.

“1961年來中國的時(shí)候，我以為那兩年不過是我人生的插曲?！彼f，“但我被感染了，古琴徹底改變了我?！薄?/p>

I came to China in 1961, thinking the two years would only be a parenthesis in my life,” she says, “But I was caught and it fundamentally changed me.”

最近幾年，她數(shù)次為古琴策劃瑞典巡演，但她很少公開演奏。

In recent years she has curated several guqin concert tours in Sweden. Lindqvist seldom plays in public.

肅靜之下，聽眾爆滿。人們擠進(jìn)巡演現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，為林西莉而來，為古琴曲中的故事和心境而來。琴聲中有蘆葦?shù)氖幯?，琴聲中有橡樹的沉吟。琴聲從王迪的女兒鄧鴻手中流出，一?0年前。

In hushed silence, listeners would fill up auditoriums to overflowing. They crammed into the venues to see Lindqvist relate the moods and stories behind the tune (from flowing reeds to the creaks of an oak), and then the guqin music would be played by Deng Hong, Wang Di’s daughter. Just as it was in the 1960s.

好評(píng)之下，巡演曲目已經(jīng)錄成專輯。這張專輯有一個(gè)再恰當(dāng)不過的名字——心音琴簫。

The highly acclaimed tours have resulted in a studio recording. And it couldn’t be more aptlynamed.

It’s called The Sound of the Soul.

國內(nèi)三大電信運(yùn)營商流量不清零

Keep Your Data: China’s Cell Companies Introduce Automatic Roll-Over

國內(nèi)三大電信運(yùn)營商正式對(duì)外開放手機(jī)套餐內(nèi)單月流量不清零業(yè)務(wù)。從10月1日起，手機(jī)用戶無須申請(qǐng)，即可開通此項(xiàng)服務(wù)。開通后，套餐內(nèi)的流量當(dāng)月內(nèi)用不完，可以轉(zhuǎn)存至次月優(yōu)先使用。例如，10月套餐內(nèi)剩余流量可延期結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)至11月底前使用，后續(xù)月份以此類推。該服務(wù)面向所有手機(jī)月套餐用戶，系統(tǒng)默認(rèn)開通該服務(wù)。這一服務(wù)措施將惠及4G /3G/2G 手機(jī)月套餐用戶。

China’s three major domestic telecom operators have official introduced roll-over services for data purchased in monthly packages. Roll-over for monthly packages began on October 1. It was automatic- users do not need to subscribe. Any leftover data from one month can be used in the next month. For example, any remainder from October can be used in November. Users with 2G, 3G, and 4G packages can benefit from the new regulations.

奧巴馬推“百萬強(qiáng)”計(jì)劃：2020年實(shí)現(xiàn)100萬名美國學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)中文

Obama’s New Program: 1 Million Americans Studying Chinese by 2020

近日，在與即將結(jié)束對(duì)美國國事訪問的中國國家主席習(xí)近平召開的聯(lián)合記者會(huì)上，奧巴馬宣布準(zhǔn)備啟動(dòng)“百萬強(qiáng)”計(jì)劃，目的是爭取到2020年實(shí)現(xiàn)100萬名美國學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)中文。奧巴馬2009年11月宣布“10萬強(qiáng)”計(jì)劃，提出到2014年派10萬美國學(xué)生到中國學(xué)習(xí)。2014年7月美國宣布這一目標(biāo)已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)?，F(xiàn)在，奧巴馬又提出了一個(gè)更遠(yuǎn)大的目標(biāo)，他說：“如果我們兩國準(zhǔn)備在全球各地采取更多行動(dòng)，那么一個(gè)最好的開端就是學(xué)對(duì)方的語言、真正了解對(duì)方?！?/p>

U.S. President Barack Obama announced plans to launch “1 Million Strong” in a joint press conference with Chinese president Xi Jinping. The program aims to increase the number of Americans studying Chinse to one million by 2020 . In November 2009, Obama announced the “100,000 Strong”program which aimed to send 100,000 Americans to China to study abroad by 2014. In July 2014, the United States announced that the goal had been achieved. The new proposal is even more ambitious, but also closer to home. In the joint press conference, Obama stated that, “If our countries are going to do more together around the world, then speaking each other’s language, truly understanding each other, is a good place to start.”

杭州獲2022年亞運(yùn)會(huì)舉辦權(quán)

Hangzhou Wins (Uncontested) 2022 Asian Games Bid

近日，在土庫曼斯坦阿什哈巴德第34屆代表大會(huì)上，亞奧理事會(huì)宣布杭州成為2022年亞運(yùn)會(huì)舉辦城市。作為唯一申辦城市，亞奧理事會(huì)還是根據(jù)規(guī)則，在杭州申辦代表團(tuán)陳述后進(jìn)行表決，在獲得亞奧理事會(huì)45個(gè)會(huì)員中半數(shù)以上的票數(shù)后，杭州成功獲得2022年亞運(yùn)會(huì)舉辦權(quán)。杭州成為繼北京和廣州之后，中國第三個(gè)舉辦亞運(yùn)會(huì)的城市。

Hangzhou has been officially confirmed as the host of the 2022 Asian Games. The city was the only candidate for the position, but still had to win a majority of votes of the 45 member Olympic Council of Asia.Hangzhou will be China’s third city to host the games- Beijing and Guangzhou have hosted in previous years. The decision was announced at the Olympic Council’s General Assembly meeting in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan.