國家現(xiàn)代表演藝術(shù)中心，西班牙港，特立尼達和多巴哥共和國

建筑設(shè)計：李瑤/華東建筑設(shè)計研究院

國家現(xiàn)代表演藝術(shù)中心，西班牙港，特立尼達和多巴哥共和國

建筑設(shè)計：李瑤/華東建筑設(shè)計研究院

1 鳥瞰/Aerial view

特立尼達和多巴哥國家現(xiàn)代表演藝術(shù)中心，是該國為迎接2009年的英聯(lián)邦首腦會議而興建的。建筑通過對于鋼鼓打擊樂，這一加勒比島國特有的音樂器具的演繹，塑造了一座奔放而民族化的音樂殿堂。這座展現(xiàn)民族文化特色的國家劇院于2006年啟動設(shè)計，歷時4年時間實施完成。

地理

特立尼達和多巴哥共和國位于中北美洲加勒比海南端，由小安的列斯群島中兩個加勒比島組成，首都西班牙港市坐落于特立尼達島上，熱帶雨林的氣候特征孕育了奔放熱情的民族性格，每年2月的狂歡節(jié)更是位列全球4大狂歡節(jié)之中。

國家現(xiàn)代表演藝術(shù)中心項目位于西班牙港的東北角，北臨皇后公園，西臨外交部大樓，南臨齊特大街，東臨國家紀(jì)念塔，處于首都西班牙港行政中心區(qū)的關(guān)鍵節(jié)點。

定位

藝術(shù)中心的設(shè)置主要用于特多民族藝術(shù)之國粹——鋼鼓樂的表演、教授和藝術(shù)培訓(xùn)，并涵蓋了配套賓館等功能，主劇場同時兼顧音樂廳、影院、國際會議等功能。設(shè)計充分考慮到當(dāng)?shù)孛褡逦幕囆g(shù)的特點及其藝術(shù)場館的表演、教授和藝術(shù)培訓(xùn)等使用要求，采用賦有地域和民族特征的建筑語匯以創(chuàng)造出全新的建筑風(fēng)格。

項目用地面積為39860m2，總建筑面積為25550m2,其中地上22126m2,地下3424m2。由一座1240座的國家級專業(yè)劇場，以及包含52套客房的附屬高星級酒店形成其主體功能；作為特多音樂藝術(shù)的搖籃，表演藝術(shù)學(xué)院作為其第3個功能單元。劇場和賓館部分為4層，表演學(xué)院為3層布局。

立意

作為美洲民族的音樂情感表達，打擊樂鋼鼓成為了標(biāo)志性的民族樂器。國家現(xiàn)代表演藝術(shù)中心將充分展現(xiàn)鋼鼓樂的藝術(shù)形式，尋找民族與現(xiàn)代的契合點以充分體現(xiàn)其作為國家藝術(shù)殿堂的文化內(nèi)涵。

建筑形體舒展分布和特立尼達和多巴哥國花形成呼應(yīng)，建筑外墻質(zhì)感來源于鋼鼓樂樂器的聯(lián)想，金屬質(zhì)感的藝術(shù)中心如綻放在加勒比海的藝術(shù)奇葩，散發(fā)獨特的藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)力。

布局

總體布局結(jié)合建筑形態(tài)將功能劃分成3個區(qū)域。劇場部分置于基地東側(cè)，主體建筑位于基座之上，宏偉脫俗；劇院配套賓館設(shè)施設(shè)于基地的西北側(cè)，構(gòu)成了北側(cè)花瓣，表演學(xué)院位于建筑群落的西南側(cè)，其主入口位于基地南側(cè)。

環(huán)境

3個廣場作為開放性的公眾景觀廣場，巧妙地依照建筑形態(tài)與用地特性布置了與建筑主體貼近的音樂噴泉水景；劇場前演藝廣場為劇場提供了聚散空間，同樣可以作為鋼鼓樂演奏的室外劇場。

觀眾廳

觀眾廳的平面形狀總體呈鐘形，在保證具有良好視角和視距的條件下以容納較多的觀眾，絕大部分聽眾均在直達聲的覆蓋范圍內(nèi)。視距較短的特征密切了觀眾與表演者的交流，體現(xiàn)了較好的親切感。觀眾廳長度約28m，最大寬度約32m，整個觀眾廳共計座位1240座。其中觀眾區(qū)包括一個有起坡的池座區(qū)和二層樓座區(qū)；靠近側(cè)墻處另各設(shè)有兩層包廂。

風(fēng)格

現(xiàn)代建筑風(fēng)格的室內(nèi)設(shè)計傳遞出特多人民奔放、熾熱的民族氣質(zhì)。在兼顧國家劇院所需具有的莊重典雅特征和鋼鼓樂演奏奔放特質(zhì)的基礎(chǔ)上，劇場選用紅色作為劇場主基調(diào)，既形成富貴濃重的溫暖劇場氣氛，也可以配合燈光形成歡快熱烈的狂歡場景。

在刻畫出溫暖的劇場主體空間的基礎(chǔ)上，公共部分大量運用灰色，使建筑的外觀金屬質(zhì)感和內(nèi)部核心使用區(qū)域溫暖熱情的氣質(zhì)得以良好過渡，入口大廳的灰色基調(diào)很好地突現(xiàn)出和內(nèi)部劇場氛圍對應(yīng)的紅色主題墻，成為西班牙港夜色中的聚焦所在。

團隊

該項目由上海建工（集團）獲得總承包權(quán)，并通過方案比選選定了實施方案，項目設(shè)計團隊形成了完整的項目建筑團隊構(gòu)架，匯集常規(guī)設(shè)計和專業(yè)顧問團隊，完成了從景觀設(shè)計到室內(nèi)設(shè)計的全設(shè)計范圍。作為一次海外全設(shè)計過程的項目，時差、規(guī)范依然是實施的挑戰(zhàn)。單程44小時的路途也讓設(shè)計人員畏懼，幸好依托著我們建設(shè)央視項目的國際化、顧問團隊化和協(xié)同設(shè)計的經(jīng)驗，跨過了大洲間的距離，帶著我們的建筑夢想，為這個充滿活力的加勒比島國奉獻了一個全新建筑標(biāo)志，也為鋼鼓樂提供了一個奔放的建筑舞臺。

2 外景/Exterior view

Trinidad and Tobago National Academy for the Performing Arts (NAPA) was built to welcome the British Commonwealth Summit in 2009. Inspired by the steel drum percussion, a special musical instrument of the Caribbean island, the unrestrained national music hall was created. The project of the theatre, unique in cultural characteristics, started in 2006 and was completed four years later.

Geography

Trinidad and Tobago is located in the south end of Caribbean Sea of North and Central America. It consists of two Caribbean islands of the Lesser Antilles. Port of Spain, the capital, is located on the island of Trinidad. The typical climate of tropical rainforest breeds an enthusiastic national character.The carnival in February each year is listed as one of the world's four largest carnivals.

The center is located in the northeast angle of Port of Spain, with Queens Park to the north, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to the west, Keate Street to the south and the National Memorial Tower to the east. It is at the key node of the central administration district of Port of Spain.

Location

The center is primarily used for the quintessence of national arts, i.e. steel drum performances and training. It also has hotel function. The main theatre can serve as concert hall, cinema and international conference hall. The design has taken into consideration the characteristics of the local ethnic cultural and arts as well as the requirements as a center for art performances and training. It has created a brand new style of architecture with a vocabulary full of geographical and ethnic characteristics.

The project covers an area of 39860m2, with a total construction area of 25550m2, 22126m2on the ground and 3424m2under the ground. Its main functional body is made up of a 1240-seat national professional theatre and an affiliated hotel of higherstar rating, containing 52 rooms. As the cradle of the music of Trinidad and Tobago, the Performing Arts School serves as the third functional unit. The theatre and the hotel are arranged on four storeys, whereas the Performing Arts School on three.

Conception

As musical expression of national emotions, steel drum percussion has become a symbolic national musical instrument. NAPA fully demonstrates the art of steel drum and reflects its cultural connotation by integrating the national characteristics with modernity.

The architecture stretches in a way reminiscent of the national flower of Trinidad and Tobago. The texture of the exterior wall comes from the linked concept of steel drum. The center, with its metal texture, looks like an artistic flower blooming in the Caribbean Sea, disseminating unique artistic expression.

Layout

The overall layout, taking architectural form into consideration, is divided into three parts according to their different functions: the theatre is located in the east of the base, the main building right on the base, and the affiliated hotel facilities in the northwest of the base, forming the north petal part. The acting school is located to the southwest of the architecture complex with its main entrance to the south of the base.

Environment

There are three public landscape squares. Close to the main building a music fountain is arranged, which skilfully accords with the building shape and land characteristics. The plaza in front of the theatre provides a gathering place that can also be used as outdoor theatre for steel drum performance.

Audience Hall

3 首層平面/Floor 0 plan4 剖面/Section

The plane shape of the audience hall looks like a bell, which provides the audience with best angles and proper distance from the stage. It is able to accommodate a large audience that are within direct sound coverage. Short distance between the audience and the performers ensures better exchange between them, reflecting a cordial feeling. The audience hall is about 28m in length, with maximum width of about 32m. There are 1240 seats in the audience hall, of which the audience area includes a loge area with slopes and a two-storeyed gallery area. Separate two-storeyed balconies are arranged near the side walls.

Style

The interior modern architectural style conveys the bold and fiery national temperament of the people of Trinidad and Tobago. In consideration of the dignified and elegant characteristics of National Theatre and the unrestrained traits of steel drum music, the theatre adopts red color as its key tone, producing a warm and prosperous atmosphere, which can also be a cheerful carnival scene under bright lighting.

On the basis of depicting the warmth of the main space, most of the public area is painted grey. It produces a good transit between the building's external metal texture and internal core areas. The grey tone at the entrance hall successfully highlights the red theme wall in respond to the internal atmosphere. The center has become the focus of Port of Spain in the night.

Team

The project is undertaken by Shanghai Construction Group. The final plan was confirmed through careful comparison of various proposals. The team consisted of conventional architects and professional consultants that were able to complete all the work, from landscape design to interior design. Being responsible for the entire design process of the overseas project, the team was challenged by time lag and regulations for implementation. In addition, the 44 hours of oneway journey was very tiring for the designers. Fortunately, relying on their rich experience in international projects, they overcame the obstacles and contributed a new landmark to the vigorous Caribbean island and also a free architectural stage for steel drum.

5-7 內(nèi)景/Interior view

評論

龍灝：這一建筑使人立即聯(lián)想到幾位著名的建筑師和結(jié)構(gòu)工程師——來自西班牙的托羅哈、坎德拉和來自烏拉圭的迪斯特，他們背后有一個同樣的身影——西班牙加泰羅尼亞的磚拱劵。特立尼達和多巴哥共和國位于中美洲，首都西班牙港卻暗示了這個國家與西班牙的瓜葛。來自中國的設(shè)計團隊采用了具有典型地域文化特色的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)形式——薄殼，但這次不是磚，亦非鋼筋混凝土，而是金屬與玻璃，粗壯的金屬質(zhì)拱與奔放的鋼鼓樂產(chǎn)生了共鳴。中國建筑師將觸角伸向海外時，如何領(lǐng)會當(dāng)?shù)氐臍v史與文化并與現(xiàn)代融合，它提供了范本。張悅：大型現(xiàn)代劇場及會議中心，通常在功能和技術(shù)上給建筑師帶了極大的挑戰(zhàn)。在本項目中，各種功能在平面上被理性而有序地組織在一個巨型空間之中，建筑造型和剖面也與結(jié)構(gòu)形式配合嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，很好地體現(xiàn)了中國大型設(shè)計企業(yè)的綜合專業(yè)水準(zhǔn)。另外，設(shè)計在造型和材料選擇上，從當(dāng)?shù)刂駳g節(jié)樂器——鋼鼓中汲取了靈感，這是對建筑所容納的本土文化展演的一種尊重態(tài)度。

項目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: UdeCott

建設(shè)單位/Contractor: 上海建工（集團）海外部/Shanghai Construction Group

建筑設(shè)計團隊/Project Team: 李瑤，吳正，邵晶，蘇濤，劉芳，宋瑩/LI Yao, WU Zheng, SHAO Jing, SU Tao, LIU Fang, SONG Ying

用地面積/Site Area: 39860m2

建筑面積/Floor Area: 25550m2

設(shè)計周期/Design Period: 2006.04-11

Comments

LONG Hao: This building (NAPA) reminds us of several famous structure engineers and architects－Torroja and Candela from Spain and Dieste from Uruguay. Behind them there is a same figure－the brick arch in Catalonia, Spain. The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is located in Central America. The name of its capital city, Port of Spain, suggests its connection with the country far away. In this project the Chinese architectural team adopted a typical structure with the local geographical and cultural characteristics －the shell, which is not

of brick or concrete, but of metal and glass. The large stout metal arches produce a response to the exuberant steel drum music. When Chinese architects stretch out their arms overseas, NAPA provides a model for how to understand the local history and culture and express them in modern language.

ZHANG Yue: Large modern theatre and performing arts centre bring the architect great challenges in functional and technical design. In this project, a variety of functions are arranged orderly and rationally in a huge space. The form and the section are in conformity to the structure, which well reflects the comprehensive professional competence of large architectural firms in China. The choice of form and materials was inspired by the local musical instrument in carnivals – the steel drum. It is a respect to the local culture that is contained in the building.

National Academy for the Performing Arts North Campus, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, 2009

Architects: LI Yao/East China Architectural Design & Research Institute