峻青的“懷鄉(xiāng)病”

文/孫為剛 圖/侯賀良

峻青的“懷鄉(xiāng)病”

Junqing’s Homesickness

文/孫為剛 圖/侯賀良

“對于故鄉(xiāng)，我有著一種特殊的感情。如果說有一種病叫作‘懷鄉(xiāng)病’，那么我是這種‘懷鄉(xiāng)病’的嚴(yán)重患者?！边@是峻青先生在他的散文《難忘的鄉(xiāng)情》中的一段話，也是先生懷鄉(xiāng)情結(jié)的真實(shí)寫照。

峻青1948年南下后第一次回故鄉(xiāng)，是在1955年冬天。那時(shí)，藍(lán)煙鐵路剛剛通車，他和妻子于康從海陽境內(nèi)的徐家店下車后，一路唱著歌，步行數(shù)十里山路回到故鄉(xiāng)。崎嶇的山路上，響著兩個(gè)年輕人朝氣蓬勃的歌聲。他們唱得最多的是那個(gè)年代頗為流行的“解放區(qū)的天是明朗的天”，優(yōu)美的歌詞，歡快的旋律，最能代表他們當(dāng)時(shí)的心情。

從那以后，除了“文革”受迫害失去人身自由的十年，他想回不能回之外，幾乎每隔一兩年，峻青都要回故鄉(xiāng)走一走，看一看。每一次故鄉(xiāng)之行，不僅給他帶來心靈的慰藉，還給他帶來創(chuàng)作靈感?！稖婧Ｙx》、《秋色賦》、《煙鐓》、《梨鄉(xiāng)小記》、《蓬萊敘懷》、《海濱仲夏夜》、《故鄉(xiāng)月倍明》、《依然十里杏花紅》等等一大批膾炙人口的名篇佳作，都是他回故鄉(xiāng)的收獲。峻青先生祖輩就擅長丹青，他本人在書法和繪畫上也有很深的造詣，他書畫作品的落款上，總是寫著“海陽峻青”或“林寺山人”。因?yàn)樗亦l(xiāng)后面的那座山就叫林寺山。

無論是順境還是逆境，故鄉(xiāng)都在他心中。1976年春天，從“四人幫”的監(jiān)獄里放出來不久，剛剛恢復(fù)有限的自由，峻青做出的第一個(gè)決定便是：回故鄉(xiāng)。當(dāng)時(shí)，同樣受到迫害的上海市老市長曹荻秋聽說峻青要回膠東，擔(dān)心他嚴(yán)重的心臟病犯了沒人搶救，勸他慎重考慮。思鄉(xiāng)心切的峻青執(zhí)意要回故鄉(xiāng)。不幸果然讓老市長言中。在他家鄉(xiāng)的那個(gè)小山村，峻青心臟病發(fā)作，生命危在旦夕。情急之中，峻青的夫人于康打電話向當(dāng)?shù)攸h政領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和當(dāng)?shù)伛v軍求救。家鄉(xiāng)的軍民沒有因?yàn)樗恰昂趲汀倍渎?、怠慢，?dāng)?shù)氐狞h政領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、駐軍醫(yī)院和地方醫(yī)院的專家組成搶救小組，經(jīng)過三天三夜的搶救，把峻青從死亡線上拉了回來。根據(jù)病情，需轉(zhuǎn)往當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院進(jìn)一步治療，當(dāng)峻青的擔(dān)架被抬出家門時(shí)，擔(dān)架經(jīng)過的街道上站滿了全村的男女老少，在鄉(xiāng)親們關(guān)切的目光中，峻青離開這個(gè)小山村。這一次，是家鄉(xiāng)的軍民給了峻青第二次生命。

鄉(xiāng)情幾乎人人有，峻青緣何重此情？以至發(fā)展成為“懷鄉(xiāng)病”？只有了解峻青經(jīng)歷的人，才能理解他那濃得化不開的鄉(xiāng)情。峻青1923年3月出生于山東省海陽市郭城鎮(zhèn)一個(gè)偏僻的山村——西樓子村。他當(dāng)過放牛娃，做過童工。1940年4月入伍，投入了血與火的斗爭。家鄉(xiāng)的黃土地上，有他苦難生活的血淚；家鄉(xiāng)的山山嶺嶺，留下了他浴血奮斗的足跡。正是在含淚浸血的土地，孕育出了作家血濃于水的深情。

在家鄉(xiāng)的每一天，峻青都生活在濃濃的鄉(xiāng)情中。有一年，峻青在家鄉(xiāng)樂不思?xì)w，一住就是近一個(gè)月。天漸漸有些冷了，峻青夫婦才戀戀不舍地離開故鄉(xiāng)，返回了上海。

“日暮鄉(xiāng)關(guān)何處是，黃浦江上使人愁?！痹诖笊虾Ｉ盍私雮€(gè)世紀(jì)，峻青并沒有感到自己是個(gè)上海人，他經(jīng)常對鄉(xiāng)親們說，在上海，他總有一種“客居”的感覺，那里不是他的家。只有看到了膠東半島的山山水水，只有雙腳踏上了膠東的土地，他才從心里有一種“到家了”的感覺。

種子懷黃土，水珠念大海，小草戀青山，峻青思故鄉(xiāng)。

今年春天，已是八十高齡的峻青先生來電話說，濰坊有關(guān)部門想請他們回去參加風(fēng)箏節(jié)，他想順便再回家鄉(xiāng)看一看，沒想到臨出發(fā)時(shí)，老伴突然發(fā)病，未能成行。9月，又傳來峻青心臟病發(fā)作住院的消息。趁國慶長假，我去上海看望峻青先生。病榻上的峻青消瘦了許多，精神還好?？吹郊亦l(xiāng)人，他格外激動(dòng)。我告訴他，沒有什么好帶的，就給他帶了一點(diǎn)家鄉(xiāng)的地瓜、芋頭，峻青聽后高興地連聲說：“好，好，又能吃到家鄉(xiāng)的鮮地瓜、鮮芋頭了?！?“歲歲頻返海邊城，故鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)物總牽情。臥聽膠東一夜雨，勝似江南半生夢。鄉(xiāng)心不與年俱老，痼疾卻似日益增。安得扁鵲回春手，踏遍齊魯萬千峰?！笨粗￠缴系木嘞壬蚁肫鹆怂诠枢l(xiāng)寫就的這首詩。此時(shí)此刻，最能代表先生心情的恐怕就是這首飽含深情的詩作了。

“For my hometown I have special feelings. If homesickness is a kind of disease, I am a person who is seriously inf l icted by it.” This was written by Mr. Junqing in his prose titled “Unforgettable Hometown.,” which was also a true ref l ection of Junqing’s homesickness.This spring the 80-year-old man of Junqing called to say some department in Weifang would invite them to join in the Kite Festival and he wanted to return to his hometown on the way. Unexpectedly before they set out his wife fell ill and they did not manage to make the trip. In this September the news came that Junqing had a heart attack. During the National Day holiday I went to Shanghai to see Mr. Junqing. Ill in bed, Junqing was much thinner but with good spirit. At the sight of a person from his hometown, he was exceptionally excited. I told him I did not bring anything but some sweet potatoes and taros. Hearing this Junqing happily answered:”Good, good. I can have the fresh sweet potatoes and taros from my hometown again.””Every year I return to the seaside city and the hometown always haunts in my mind. A night in bed listening to the Jiaodong rain is better than half a life in the dream in the south of the Changjiang River. A homesick heart does not get old with the increasing years but the old illness gets worse as time passes by. When can I get treated by a doctor like Bianque so that I can climb on the tens of thousands of mountains in Qilu(Shandong)?” Seeing Mr. Junqing in bed, I recalled the poem he wrote in his hometown. At this moment nothing can ref l ect Junqing’s feelings more than this emotional poem.