Experimental Summary and Enlightenment of Urban and Rural lntegration in Henan Province

Jingjing ZHANG，Wenfeng CHEN，Zhifu GUODepartment of Environment&Planning，Shangqiu Normal University，Shangqiu 476000，China

Experimental Summary and Enlightenment of Urban and Rural lntegration in Henan Province

Jingjing ZHANG*，Wenfeng CHEN，Zhifu GUO
Department of Environment&Planning，Shangqiu Normal University，Shangqiu 476000，China

By means of investigation and research of the 7 cities of the urban and rural integration in Henan Province，the paper summarizes five aspects of urban and rural integration in Henan Province in common from the social and economic conditions，spatial characteristics，dynamic mechanism，organization form，security measures:higher level of economic development，the selective advantage of location，the power mechanism characteristics of taking the government as the main body from top to bottom，the organization form of strengthen the construction of new rural area and industrial agglomeration area construction，the security measures of innovation mechanism system.The main sticking point to urban and rural integrition is the capital input and output，the rural collective economic power shortage problem，the problem of sustainable development of new rural community.A useful reference is playing the active role of rural cadre and masses initiative to promote the integration of urban and rural by injection power source from bottom to top；much channel solves problem of farmer employment according to local conditions；improve rural economy from hematopoietic function rely on industry development.

The integration of urban and rural；Construction of new countryside；Henan Province

The proportion of agriculture is always high in Henan Province with large rural population，and low urbanization.In the strategic background of national coordinating urban and rural development，Henan government issued"guiding opinions on speeding up the integration of urban and rural pilot work"in 2006 （Yu Zheng［2006］No. 33），and pointed out that"urban and rural development and integration is necessary for implementation of the scientific concept of development，building a well-off society and striving to achieve the important move of the rise of central China.It is also an important content of building a new socialist countryside.To explore a new way of the integration of urban and rural development，rapid economic development，industrial financial security，the level of urbanization is relatively high in Hebi，Jiyuan，Gongyi，Yima，Wugang，Yanshi，Xinzheng，which provides urban-rural integration experience.Then，after five years of experience in exploration，through literature search，only Jiyuan and Yanshi made the greatest progress［3-4］.The process of integration of urban and rural areas covered the city，industrialization and agricultural industrialization aspects，but in the current strategic background of construction of Central Plains Economic Area，Henan Province is exploring new ways of coordinated development，in order to provide the reference for the regional development in China.Therefore，it is necessary to comprehensively summarize pilot experience，to provide practical and theoretical guidance for the coordinated development of Central Plains Economic Area and the whole country.

Urban and Rural Integration in Henan Province Pilot Experience Summary

Development of urban and rural integration in Henan Province achieved considerable progress，according to its own conditions exploring different characteristics of urban and rural integration development pattern. For example，Hebi built a new socialist countryside as the basic guide，unified planning，founded the company，formulating the innovation system of"planning+industry+system" mode，which deepens the urban and rural social security system in Yanshi，strengthens the construction of the new socialist countryside and the new model innovation of farmer workers，including"industrialization，urbanization and social"mode in Gongyi，"the new rural construction+industrialization drive"mode in Jiyuan，"Centre for community construction+industrial agglomeration area construction mode in Wugang，facilities，centralized residence extension and innovation of livelihood security and system of the five major engineering in Yima，as well as"new community construction+ National entrepreneurship"development mode in Xinzheng.It can be concluded that the seven pilot cities provide references for urban and rural integration development.

Table 1 Pilot integration of urban and rural economic development level of Henan Province

Social economic condition:the higher level of economic development

From the integration of 7 pilot urban and rural in Henan Province，it is obvious that economic development，and the proportion of large industrial financial security perform well，indicating that the urbanization level is relatively high，and per capita GDP and per capita net income of farmers were higher than the entire province average level in 2005-2006，as shown in Table 1.Specifically，Gongyi is an industrial city，made the largest contribution to GDP，together with Jiyuan，and urbanization rate reached 95%of Yima.It is notable that economic base is prerequisite to promote urban and rural integration.Hence，the 7 pilot selection based on advanced economy，can effectively play the role of regional growth pole of central town，and lead the country to the city development path.Additionally，from the perspective of the urban and rural integration development，capitals become necessary in municipal construction，including the rural community construction，infrastructure construction，social service facilities construction，and industrial concentration area.

Characteristics of geographical space:urban fringe or suburban areas

Further investigation of pilot cities is conductive to urban and rural integration.First，radiation impetus function of urban fringe area of the city or suburban area proves much strong and the town and village are the basic construction unit.With consideration of the seven pilot sites，all are in the central plains and urban agglomeration economy dominates，with higher levels of counties and cities，such as Gongyi and Xinzheng， Luoyang， Yanshi，Pingdingshan，Wugang，Sanmenxia，Yima，Hebi and Jiyuan provincial cities.While municipalities and further selection of better town or village as a pilot，such as Qi County，Zhaili Village，Tang's Monk Temple Village and Li Village，Binhu Community and Cao Community，Mazhuang Community，and Xuedian Town，etc..It aims to promoting regional cities and counties in the suburbs，then the distance of the cities and counties，and distant ruralareas as for how to steadily push forward the urban and rural integration development.

The characteristics of dynamic mechanism:from top to bottom

For the urban and rural integration in Henan Province，government-leading type of top-down pilot dominates. From the main approach of integration of urban and rural in Henan Province，it can be concluded from 7 pilots that the "construction"is the primary way，including the community construction in the new rural construction，the center，and the industrial agglomeration area construction，infrastructure construction，such as Shixiaozhai，Zhaili，Gangpo，Qi County Beiyang，etc.More than 20 villages by city standards unified planning and organization construction.For example，Goushi Town Tang’s monk Temple Village has a community service center，supermarket， standardized clinics， kindergartens，fitness square，peasant night school，and cultural compound.To promote the construction of public facilities，10 villages and towns built service center，138 new rural qualified service community， 320Wancunganxiang chain supermarkets，the standardization of 150 clinics.Among the 292 administrative villages in Gongyi City，168 villages carry out the"five links，four changes"construction，and 113 villages accelerate the construction of new countryside.The government is the main body of rural roads and rural community infrastructure investment，playing the role of financing platform. And the advancement of the construction proceeds with the government as the leading factor of the process.So，the rural grass-roots organization of self-governance among villagers should recognize how to play a role of its effective advancement，which is the next stage of comprehensive development of urban and rural integration to solve the problem.

Organizational form:the new rural construction as the carrier of the ruralcommunity construction

The 7pilot cities in Henan Province with progress made of urban and rural integration give highlights to the new rural construction，because the city center position of the current social and economic development in urban and rural of Henan Province is stronger，and the “three rural problems”constrains the development of rural areas.In order to achieve urban and rural integration，the infrastructure construction should be a priority in improving the basic conditions of urban and rural effective link，for the elements of urban and ruralcirculation provides a basic platform，especially for the rural community construction in Wugang in accordance with the"four town of seventeen community center city"to optimize the layout of the combination，and the principle of"rural amorous feelings，full-bodied，internal structure is reasonable，with complete supporting functions，convenient traffic amidst，production and living convenience".In addition to that，the planning and construction of the new rural community center，such as Binhu community，the Cao community and a number of new community，has become models forthe construction ofnew countryside.

Safeguard measures:urban and rural public services and social security system innovation

Deepening the rural public service and guarantee system construction is the basic condition for the development of various undertakings in rural areas，especially in the rural land system and the household registration system is the fundamental.In the integration of urban and rural construction in Henan Province，security of mechanism system is the fundamental condition，especially the land circulation system.And the household registration system，medical insurance，social security for farmers provide basic protection of life. For example，the city of Hebi successively develops compulsory education policy for rural migrant peasantchildren and improves urban and rural unified employment system.The township was established in the city with the office of labor and social security，establishing a unified urban and rural labor market，with the implementation of the government of free training，which basically solved the problem of transferring rural surplus labor force，explored the establishment of long-term relief mechanism covering poor people in urban and rural areas，and involved more than 20 departments of civil affairs，labor，the integration of trade unions and other rescue functions，the implementation of dynamic management of classified salvage under differentcauses poverty object，ensure all the difficult people can get timely assistance.

Thoughts on development of the urban and rural integration of Henan Province

The urban and rural integration in Henan Province pilot has become references for other areas after more than five years of development.But for the pilot city，only 108 cities and counties in Henan Province，only a small portion is led by government，and has a good economic foundation，and surrounding towns are with special geographical position and other advantages of pilot areas.Therefore，it is of necessity to consider the funds input and output，the shortage problem of the rural collective economic momentum，and the new rural community issues such as sustainable development，and vigorously develop the rural collective economy，improve the rural self hematopoietic function，gradually forming the interaction between urban and rural areas. The former summarizes the common characteristics of pilot area and there are some typical practice is worth learning from otherplaces.

Active play to the initiative of rural grassroots cadres and the masses，to promote the urban and rural integration power from bottom to top injection

The integration of urban and rural Henan Province pilot is more government led top-down advancing process，which is bound to have a certain limit in the region selection and investment etc..So，the next stage of urban and rural integration comprehensive development funds input and output problems have to be considered and the shortage of rural collective economic power. If the villagers autonomous organization of rural basic level can effectively play its role in promoting，it will provide the impetus source for bottom-up promoting the urban and rural integration，and can also advance the development of urban and rural integration.From the mobilization of the rural cadres positive aspect，Hebi and Gongyi cities haveprovided some successful experience. For instance，Hebi introduces and cultivates a batch of senior talents，more than 1800 in 2000 villages in the city received higher education，and become the university student village officials.In the end of 2006，more than 1800 village officials created the output value reached about 3 billion，accounting for 1/7 of Hebi City.Shantang Town，Xun County，Hebi City proceeded in advance in the process of urban and rural integration，through various channels to attract private capital to urban concentration.For example，Keda school is a private school and the investor is outside of the Village.Another example is Xie Baojun，a villager in Gongyi，in 1995，esatablished the star metal product Limited company，and driven by the company，the village enterprises are springing up.At present，there are 35 kinds of enterprises in the village，and most of the villagers became enterprise workers in the village. Specifically，60%of the young labors work in the star metal products company，more than 50 years old people with ability to work in the village were put into the agricultural management company work.Star Inc was leased land，and each year can get 400 yuan rent per mu.Work，as well as entertainment has become a new way of life ofthe villagers.

According to local conditions，multiple channels to solve the problem offarmers’employment

There are some problems should be well considered，such as how to realize the life and work in peace and contentment.New rural community construction only provides basic conditions for urban and rural integration，and to truly realize the urban and rural integration，the sustainable development of the new rural community issues must be considered.In Yima City of Henan Province，based on local conditions，multiple channels to solve the employment of farmers are explored as reference experience.For instance，Mazhuang community takes advantage of the adjacent industrial agglomeration area and mining area，for resolving employment of resettlement community residents.Lianggou community according to the market situation changes，actively organizes residents to establish cleaning company，and organization construction technology residents established to participate in the construction industry.Qianqiu community plans land circulation and unifies management and construction of a high standard of agricultural demonstration base，guides the community residents to participate the demonstration base construction. Miaoyuan community develops aquaculture companies，relying on the development of forestry and fruit industry，and builds a coal casting factory，automatically repairs factory and a number of enterprises，and Qianqiu community built transport fleet，and vehicle has reached more than 300 km.Hekou community makes use of the beautiful environment，the development of happy-farmer catering services and cultural tourism industry vigorously develop Qingfeng mountain scenic area，and carry out the cherry festival as an opportunity to promote the development of community，cherry and other characteristics of agricultural growth.According to statistics，at present，the number of people in Hekou community engaged in happy-farmer and the number of tourists reached more than two hundred，with annual income of million yuan.

Relying on industry development，to improve the rural economy since the hematopoietic function

Pilot economic development level generally maintains higher and the pilot cities in Henan Province are industrial cities.Thus，"to lead the country to the city"is a major way of urban and rural integration，and how to realize "promotion of city，urban and rural interaction by township"，also relies on rural industrial development efforts. What’s more，Shangdian Town introduces the principle of"urban and rural development as a whole，dominated by the integration of urban and rural industry."The town relies on the iron and steel industry，striving to create a circular economy industrial chain，forming the center of the community surrounding the efficient agricultural park and scrap steel processing，building materials and other industries，and absorbing the employment of peasants.Wugang company，Zhongjia company，Yinlong textile，Haiming papermaking，and Ruixiang animal husbandry have been completed and put into production，creating the conditions for farmers to enter the community employment. For example，Henan Chuying company，located in Xuedian Town，is the largest chicken and pig production base in the central plains region，Xuedian Town and Chuying company cooperation make up"eyas rich engineering"，and actively explore"company+base+peasant household"mode of agricultural industrialization，to play a good door of agricultural industrialization，leading enterprises，and driving more than 6 000 local farmers to engage in farming.At the same time，it also absorbs more than 40 000 labor forces to engage in the secondary and tertiary industries.Since the"five small industries"began，including the"township enterprises"era，led by Yuguang gold&lead，Jiyuan iron and steel industry has always been a mainstay of Jiyuan’s economy，with 70%contribution to GDP.In the industrial drive，the construction of Jiyuan city overspeed development takes the lead to achieve expressway in every town，tap water in every village，and new rural construction of the provincial total advanced village accounted for 1/4.

References

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Responsible editor:Xiaoxue WANG

Responsible proofreader:Xiaoyan WU

河南省城鄉(xiāng)一體化試點經(jīng)驗總結(jié)與啟示

張竟竟，陳文峰，郭志富，魯亞娟 （商丘師范學(xué)院環(huán)境與規(guī)劃學(xué)院，河南商丘 476000）

通過對河南省7個城鄉(xiāng)一體化試點市的調(diào)研，從社會經(jīng)濟條件、地域空間特點、動力機制、組織形式、保障措施五個方面總結(jié)了河南省城鄉(xiāng)一體化試點的共同之處是經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平較高、選擇優(yōu)勢區(qū)位先行試點、以政府為主體的自上而下動力機制特點、以加強新農(nóng)村建設(shè)和產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚區(qū)建設(shè)的組織形式，以創(chuàng)新機制體制提供保障措施；主要癥結(jié)是資金投入產(chǎn)出問題、農(nóng)村集體經(jīng)濟動力不足問題和新型農(nóng)村社區(qū)可持續(xù)發(fā)展問題等；有益借鑒是發(fā)揮農(nóng)村基層干部和群眾的能動性，為自下而上推進城鄉(xiāng)一體化注入動力源；因地因時制宜，多渠道解決農(nóng)民就業(yè)問題；依托產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展，提高農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟自造血功能。

城鄉(xiāng)一體化；新農(nóng)村建設(shè)；河南省

T he urban and rural integration is a profound social change and its purpose is to break the dual structure between the two existing，change the form of modern economy and society，transform practitioners’focus from agriculture to noneagriculture industry，farmers from rural areas to cities or towns，infrastructure construction，modern civilization from city to rural development，radiation，to realize urban and rural development policy integration，industry division of labor，service integration，function integration education of health and social security，social progress integration.The practice of some developed countries in the aspect of urban and rural integration，gives us beneficial enlightenment，such as new town movement in twentieth Century and the early 30’s in Britain，the new town development in the United States in 1968，and the"new village movement" in South Korea in 1971，which committed to improving the rural environment，change the way of life［1-2］.In our coun try，the Third Plenary Session of the 16thCPC proposed the term of balance urban and rural development，which was a practice started all over the country，and the most typical is the Chengdu-Chongqing region，with the country as a whole supporting reform pilot area as the platform，with progress made on integration of urban and rural development.The corresponding theoretical researches，however，are mostly theoretical summary and pattern of urban-rural integration practice ascension from the eastern，central and western regions，the Pearl River Delta region，the central region and other regional level research，studies more focused on the theoretical model，so that the macro guidancedominates. Tangshan，Suzhou，Shanghai and other cities of urban and rural integration experience are on the basis of the development of rural urbanization in the early implementation strategy mode，but more are about the exploration of the county level，such as Zhanglou，Shuangxi，Jinjiang District. In general，it is a summary of the specific approach to promote the integration of urban and rural places theory.

國家社科基金青年項目（12CJL073），教育部人文社科研究青年項目（11YJC790272），河南省青年骨干教師項目（2012GGJS-167），河南省政府決策研究招標(biāo)課題（2014009）。

張竟竟（1976-），女，博士，教授，主要研究方向為城鄉(xiāng)關(guān)系與區(qū)域發(fā)展，E-mail：hnzjj888@163.com。

2015-00-00

2015-00-00

Supported by National Social Science Funds for Young Talents（12CJL073）；Humanity and Social Science Youth foundation of Ministry of Education of China（11YJC790272）；Young Scholars Funds of Henan Province （2012GGJS-167）；Decision-making Research Bidding Project of Henan Province（2014009）

.E-mail:hnzjj888@163.com

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