“一帶一路”深刻影響歐亞經(jīng)濟重慶內(nèi)陸開放型經(jīng)濟發(fā)展機遇與路徑

□ 文/本刊記者 曾睿 圖/吳岸

“一帶一路”深刻影響歐亞經(jīng)濟重慶內(nèi)陸開放型經(jīng)濟發(fā)展機遇與路徑

□ 文/本刊記者 曾睿 圖/吳岸

日前，由重慶國際戰(zhàn)略研究院主辦的中國“一帶一路”建設(shè)對歐亞經(jīng)濟格局的影響——重慶內(nèi)陸開放型經(jīng)濟發(fā)展機遇與路徑研討會在四川外國語大學(xué)召開，來自美國、德國、中國的十余位專家學(xué)者參加了研討會，共同討論“一帶一路”將對歐亞經(jīng)濟格局帶來的深刻影響以及其中蘊涵的“重慶機遇”。四川外國語大學(xué)黨委書記兼重慶國際戰(zhàn)略研究院院長明國輝、重慶市對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟委員會副主任熊林出席了論壇活動。

在當天的論壇上，先后有四川外國語大學(xué)黨委書記兼重慶國際戰(zhàn)略研究院院長明國輝、重慶市對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟委員會副主任熊林、國際席勒學(xué)會主席海爾格、對外經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)副校長林桂軍、中國國際問題研究所世界經(jīng)濟研究所所長姜躍春、重慶大學(xué)可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究院副院長蒲勇健、中國前駐孟買總領(lǐng)事劉友法、美國EIR雜志編委丹尼斯以及廣東國際戰(zhàn)略研究院秘書長李青、天津國際發(fā)展研究院秘書長馮雷鳴、重慶國際戰(zhàn)略研究院秘書長楊柏等進行了主題發(fā)言。國內(nèi)外的專家們一致認為中國“一帶一路”國家戰(zhàn)略的不斷推進，將必然對歐亞經(jīng)濟格局帶來深度影響，也必然將對重慶建設(shè)內(nèi)陸開放型經(jīng)濟帶來重大機遇。

明國輝

四川外國語大學(xué)黨委書記兼重慶國際戰(zhàn)略研究院院長

以中西交融的視角 為重慶經(jīng)濟及“一帶一路”建設(shè)提供思考

隨著“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想的提出，學(xué)界掀起了廣泛的研究熱潮，重慶國際戰(zhàn)略研究院也于2014年12月應(yīng)運而生。研究院由重慶市對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟委員會與四川外國語大學(xué)共同成立，希冀搭建一個政界、學(xué)界、業(yè)界共同研究重慶市國際戰(zhàn)略問題的平臺，為重慶市全方位開放的戰(zhàn)略格局提供政策制定參考。研究院成立近一年以來，積極為重慶市的發(fā)展規(guī)劃提供決策參考，向重慶市政府報送的《關(guān)于促進重慶市口岸經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的對策建議報告》，受到市政府主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)及分管領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的圈閱及批示。

同時，研究院還先后與丹麥、日本、韓國、澳大利亞、法國、匈牙利等國的專家學(xué)者進行了學(xué)術(shù)交流。2014年12月，研究院舉辦了“渝新歐”沿線重點交往國研究項目建設(shè)專家咨詢座談會。2015年5月，接訪了法國國防高等研究院代表團，雙方就“一帶一路”及中法經(jīng)貿(mào)問題進行了學(xué)術(shù)交流。此外，研究院還多次參加重慶市內(nèi)外高層次學(xué)術(shù)會議，如“一帶一路”建設(shè)對中緬關(guān)系的啟示和機遇研討會、第二屆中印尼三方會議、全球經(jīng)濟一體化形勢下的企業(yè)家行動研討會、中美智慧城市合作暨企業(yè)對接會，與《重慶與世界》雜志就重慶經(jīng)濟的未來發(fā)展進行對話等。

未來，研究院將圍繞“渝新歐”國際鐵路沿線重點交往對象國進行信息資源收集，具體包括產(chǎn)業(yè)信息數(shù)據(jù)庫、投資信息數(shù)據(jù)庫和貿(mào)易信息數(shù)據(jù)庫的建設(shè)，以此搭建國別數(shù)據(jù)資源平臺。對“渝新歐”鐵路沿線重點交往對象國產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展、產(chǎn)業(yè)評價、投資風(fēng)險、投資政策、投資機會、與西部地區(qū)貿(mào)易發(fā)展等方面展開深入研究，為政府相關(guān)部門及企業(yè)對“渝新歐”沿線國的投資和合作提供決策咨詢。并且準備以這些信息與數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ)，出版關(guān)于“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略的藍皮書。希望我們的工作能夠以中西交融的視角為重慶經(jīng)濟及“一帶一路”建設(shè)提供思考，為產(chǎn)學(xué)研一體化合作作出積極探索。

熊 林

重慶市對外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟委員會副主任

海爾格教授

國際席勒學(xué)會主席

發(fā)揮地方性特色新型智庫作用 承載決策支持重任

2013年9月、10月，習(xí)近平總書記分別提出了共建“絲綢之路經(jīng)濟帶”和“21世紀海上絲綢之路”，即“一帶一路”的戰(zhàn)略構(gòu)想，由此形成了我國全方位對外開放的新格局。共建“一帶一路”順應(yīng)世界多極化、經(jīng)濟全球化、文化多樣化、社會信息化的潮流，秉持開放的區(qū)域合作精神，致力于維護全球自由貿(mào)易體系和開放型世界經(jīng)濟。

共建“一帶一路”旨在促進經(jīng)濟要素有序自由流動、資源高效配置和市場深度融合，推動沿線各國實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟政策協(xié)調(diào)，開展更大范圍、更高水平、更深層次的區(qū)域合作，共同打造開放、包容、均衡、普惠的區(qū)域經(jīng)濟合作架構(gòu)。共建“一帶一路”符合國際社會的根本利益，彰顯人類社會共同理想和美好追求，是國際合作以及全球治理新模式的積極探索，將為世界和平發(fā)展增添新的正能量。近年來，重慶市認真貫徹黨的十八大和十八屆三中全會精神，在中央有關(guān)部委的支持下，在五大功能區(qū)域發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略指引下，積極融入“一帶一路”國家戰(zhàn)略，大力推進內(nèi)陸開放高地建設(shè)。通過圍繞“大通道、大通關(guān)、大平臺”等開放要素的構(gòu)建，重慶形成了鐵水空三個國家級樞紐、三個一類口岸、三個保稅區(qū)的“三個三合一”開放平臺?！笆濉逼陂g，重慶將瞄準“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略支點地位，著力建設(shè)內(nèi)陸開發(fā)高地。當然，重慶正在把握這難得的歷史機遇，努力擴大內(nèi)陸開放新優(yōu)勢，不斷拓展內(nèi)陸開放的廣度和深度，就需要由根植于重慶區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展實際的地方性特色新型智庫向世界“說明重慶”，幫助重慶“解讀世界”，導(dǎo)航重慶國際經(jīng)貿(mào)發(fā)展，迎接新常態(tài)。為此，在重慶市委市政府的大力支持下，于2014年12月18日，我委與四川外國語大學(xué)共同發(fā)起成立了重慶國際戰(zhàn)略研究院。作為重慶唯一一家專門從事國際問題研究的新型智庫，重慶國際戰(zhàn)略研究院專注于國家開放戰(zhàn)略下重慶市有關(guān)國別經(jīng)濟、國際貿(mào)易、國際投資、國別法律與國際規(guī)則等多個領(lǐng)域的國際經(jīng)貿(mào)問題研究。目前，研究院作為地方特色型智庫的建設(shè)尚處于初級階段，無論在隊伍還是體制建設(shè)上都還在探索之中。在此我們希望在今后一個時期，研究院以2015年1月20日中辦、國辦印發(fā)的《關(guān)于加強中國特色新型智庫建設(shè)的意見》為指導(dǎo)，加強與國內(nèi)外優(yōu)秀智庫之間的合作與交流，積極參與或主辦相關(guān)主題國際學(xué)術(shù)研討會，深入探索特色新型智庫發(fā)展之路，以更好發(fā)揮研究院“轉(zhuǎn)知成智”的功能，以及“資政”、“啟智”、“聚才”等作用，對經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、對外開放過程中層出不窮的國際經(jīng)貿(mào)問題作出科學(xué)解答，承載起重慶市委市政府有關(guān)國際經(jīng)貿(mào)戰(zhàn)略決策支持的重任。

新絲綢之路將成為世界大陸橋

二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來最嚴重的難民災(zāi)，再次表明歐盟的內(nèi)部團結(jié)蕩然無存，那些經(jīng)常被提及的價值理念，例如民主、人權(quán)和國際條約的有效性，在歐洲大部分地區(qū)已經(jīng)喪失了。這一危機揭示了歐洲國家自我認知當中的巨大裂痕，顯示不可能一邊堅持跨大西洋機構(gòu)的官方宣言，一邊維護自身的現(xiàn)有利益。

雖然難民危機對于逃難的百萬民眾來說是悲慘的，但它可能有好的一面：越來越多的歐洲人認識到，歐洲的政策必須根本改變，難民涌出自己國家的原因必須得到消除，除了對這些原因仔細分析，還要設(shè)立西南亞和非洲的全面經(jīng)濟發(fā)展項目。首先，德國政府的180°變化以及保證接納所有敘利亞難民，這是一個額外的機會，給歐洲帶來變化。大多數(shù)德國人所表現(xiàn)出的慈善可以成為一個新模式的指引點，使得歐洲更愿意參與絲綢之路經(jīng)濟帶政策的合作。但這必須更為明確。新絲路政策的吸引力在于中國過去30年經(jīng)濟奇跡這一鼓舞人心的實例，它向世界上每個有心借鑒的國家提供了方法。一帶一路愿景不過就是到處復(fù)制中國的經(jīng)濟奇跡，在南歐、西南亞、非洲。

2014年，國際席勒學(xué)會與全球策略評論雜志一起推出了370頁的綜合研究報告，題為“新絲綢之路成為世界大陸橋”，該報告全面提出了世界經(jīng)濟重建的計劃。這些項目的某些部分可以立刻成為重建和發(fā)展歐洲、巴爾干、西南亞和非洲的經(jīng)濟開發(fā)綱要，應(yīng)當被列入國際日程。在我看來，新絲路和一帶一路的推行提供了解決歐洲面臨的諸多危機的唯一的機會。

林桂軍教授

對外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學(xué)副校長

姜躍春教授

中國國際問題研究院世界經(jīng)濟研究所所長

“一帶一路”將使中國在全球價值鏈中實現(xiàn)發(fā)展與進步

“一帶一路”是新的強大動力?！耙粠б宦贰辈粌H支持企業(yè)鏈條式轉(zhuǎn)移、集群式發(fā)展，而且使得上下游產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈協(xié)同布局，建立起研發(fā)、生產(chǎn)和銷售的完整體系。

在全球價值鏈中快速增長的同時，也不可忽略區(qū)域貿(mào)易自由化的推動。發(fā)展中國家為了參與全球價值鏈，主動與發(fā)達國家談判自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定。中國的自貿(mào)區(qū)戰(zhàn)略可以表述為：立足周邊、輻射“一帶一路”、面向全球的高標準自貿(mào)區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。我國設(shè)立自貿(mào)區(qū)要考慮的因素有：全球價值鏈；引進外資和技術(shù)；出口市場（傳統(tǒng)市場，拓展新市場）；能源資源供應(yīng)安全；過剩產(chǎn)能輸出。

這其中的戰(zhàn)略重點方向應(yīng)該是：面向發(fā)達國家穩(wěn)定傳統(tǒng)市場、整合全球價值量、引進先進技術(shù)，促進國內(nèi)改革；面向“一帶一路”沿線國家和地區(qū)的重點則是拓展新市場、輸出過剩產(chǎn)能、能源、資源供應(yīng)安全、戰(zhàn)略再平衡。只有深入研究并解決好這些問題，才能進一步在全球價值鏈中實現(xiàn)發(fā)展與進步。

重慶將在“新絲路”中發(fā)揮自身獨特的優(yōu)勢

“一帶一路”倡議對中國經(jīng)濟的影響主要在以下三點：首先，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)是中國的優(yōu)勢所在。中國的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)已經(jīng)取得了舉世矚目的成就。目前中國在能源、通信、鐵路、高鐵、公路、港口、機場、口岸等各個領(lǐng)域的建設(shè)取得了明顯成果，在高鐵、機場等許多領(lǐng)域都已處于世界先進水平，甚至超越了發(fā)達經(jīng)濟體。此外，中國的成本控制能力也很強，并在走出去開展海外工程建設(shè)的過程中，積累了豐富的國際經(jīng)驗。其次，它能夠構(gòu)建中國經(jīng)濟全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈。過去幾十年，中國企業(yè)處于產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的低端，依托”一帶一路”的政策，能夠改變中國企業(yè)在全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈上的地位，為追求獲得利潤最大化創(chuàng)造條件。第三，加快中國國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型升級。5月18日，國務(wù)院發(fā)布《中國制造2025》。“這是我國實施制造強國戰(zhàn)略第一個十年的行動綱領(lǐng)。它瞄準新一代信息技術(shù)、高端裝備、新材料、生物醫(yī)藥等戰(zhàn)略重點，引導(dǎo)社會各類資源集聚，推動優(yōu)勢和戰(zhàn)略產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展。在能源與交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施互聯(lián)互通方面，“一帶一路”倡議可以引領(lǐng)“中國制造2025”戰(zhàn)略落地實施，“中國制造2025”戰(zhàn)略的落地實施又為“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略做好堅實的產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)支撐。兩大戰(zhàn)略的無縫對接將會對我國實施創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略、加快經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型升級具有十分重要的戰(zhàn)略意義。

關(guān)于重慶在“一帶一路”建設(shè)中的準確定位這一問題，我的觀點是，重慶位于西南門戶，是中西部地區(qū)唯一的直轄市和國家中心城市，在“新絲路”經(jīng)濟帶建設(shè)中居于戰(zhàn)略節(jié)點地位，應(yīng)該發(fā)揮戰(zhàn)略支點作用。向西北通過“渝新歐”國際鐵路聯(lián)運，成為歐亞大通道的戰(zhàn)略起點；向東面通過長江黃金水道，成為長江經(jīng)濟帶的聯(lián)結(jié)樞紐；向西南通過云南和滇緬公路直達中印孟緬經(jīng)濟走廊，連接21世紀海上絲綢之路。當然重慶也具有雄厚的產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)和巨大的發(fā)展?jié)摿?。重慶GDP增速、工業(yè)產(chǎn)值、進出口貿(mào)易、引進外資等多項經(jīng)濟指標，多年穩(wěn)居中西部前列。200余家世界500強企業(yè)落戶重慶，食品、能源、物流、旅游等產(chǎn)業(yè)穩(wěn)步發(fā)展，醫(yī)藥、電子信息、汽車、裝備制造、綜合化工、材料等產(chǎn)業(yè)集群化、規(guī)?；讲粩嗵岣?，大數(shù)據(jù)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈加速成長，電子商務(wù)、離岸金融等新興服務(wù)業(yè)異軍突起，高端裝備制造業(yè)亮點紛呈。隨著重慶產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)勢和產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力不斷增強，相信未來重慶一定在“新絲路”經(jīng)濟帶發(fā)展過程中發(fā)揮自身獨特的優(yōu)勢，發(fā)揮更大的作用。

蒲勇健教授

重慶大學(xué)可持續(xù)發(fā)展研究院副院長

劉友法教授

前中國駐孟買總領(lǐng)事

重慶企業(yè)融入“一帶一路”要重視需求、比較優(yōu)勢、產(chǎn)業(yè)延伸

金融危機以來，中國經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)能過剩的問題日益突出。以全球視野看中國產(chǎn)業(yè)過剩的行業(yè)處于中端水平，理論上擁有較大的產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移空間。既可以將邊際產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移到勞動密集型的東道國消化產(chǎn)能，又可以將優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)業(yè)擴散到發(fā)達地區(qū)達到技術(shù)升級和獲取銷售網(wǎng)絡(luò)的目的。但過去我國企業(yè)的產(chǎn)能轉(zhuǎn)移實施得并不順利。

我們認為通過“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略，我國產(chǎn)能轉(zhuǎn)移的困境能夠得到緩解；水泥、建材、鋼鐵、能源等多個產(chǎn)業(yè)的需求將大大提升。在此背景下，重慶扮演著至關(guān)重要的角色。一方面，基于得天獨厚的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢，用于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)和資源、能源開發(fā)的裝備設(shè)備可依靠長江黃金水道從東部運往重慶，然后借由渝新歐鐵路出境，從而節(jié)省運費；另外一方面，重慶的裝備制造業(yè)在全國范圍內(nèi)也有較強的競爭優(yōu)勢，可為相關(guān)設(shè)備提供配件供給和維修服務(wù)。最后，企業(yè)融入一帶一路戰(zhàn)略需要防范各類風(fēng)險，而重慶的企業(yè)需要充分考慮自身的產(chǎn)品需求、比較優(yōu)勢和注重產(chǎn)業(yè)延伸。

對于重慶企業(yè)而言，融入“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略需要考慮以下3個方面：第一，需求要素，即要找準投資方向，弄清楚“一帶一路”沿線國家需要什么。短期來看，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)是各個國家都迫切需要的，因而可以首先從這方面介入。例如重慶能夠生產(chǎn)軌道交通設(shè)備，而這些國家可能也需要發(fā)展軌道交通。第二，比較優(yōu)勢，“一帶一路“沿線國家多是發(fā)展中國家，比較優(yōu)勢產(chǎn)品還停留在初級加工品階段。重慶企業(yè)在電器設(shè)施和零部件這塊可能有一定的比較優(yōu)勢。第三，產(chǎn)業(yè)延伸，重慶目前正在大力發(fā)展總部經(jīng)濟，相關(guān)的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條則可以利用人力成本的比較優(yōu)勢延伸到“一帶一路“沿線國家去。當然，從現(xiàn)金回報率上看，一帶一路戰(zhàn)略中的相關(guān)投資可能較低。目前中國基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資的平均回報率不到3%，而當投資主體是地方政府投融資平臺時，這一比例可能更低。不過站在宏觀視角上看，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)會帶來巨大的社會效益。因此，總體上看，一帶一路戰(zhàn)略帶來的投資需求還是為中國過剩的產(chǎn)能找到了新的出路，不僅有利于短期的經(jīng)濟和就業(yè)增長，同時還提升了中國的長期發(fā)展?jié)摿臻g。

中國企業(yè)要認真應(yīng)對兩個領(lǐng)域的安全問題

經(jīng)濟全球化已將我國納入“地球村”，“一帶一路”建設(shè)勢將推動我國經(jīng)濟疆界和利益疆界同時向國際范圍延伸。其間，我國政府和企業(yè)各界在組織和參與相關(guān)項目和企業(yè)合作進程中需要認真綢繆和應(yīng)對傳統(tǒng)和非傳統(tǒng)兩個領(lǐng)域的安全問題。

傳統(tǒng)安全風(fēng)險。研究表明，在絲路沿線迄今仍遺留二戰(zhàn)遺留問題。朝鮮與韓國劍拔弩張，隨時有爆發(fā)沖突的危險。隨著美國逐步從阿富汗撤軍，阿富汗重建與民族和解正是提上國際社會議事日程。然而戰(zhàn)爭徹底摧毀了傳統(tǒng)民族文化，摧毀的民族經(jīng)濟，撕裂了民族凝聚紐帶，培育的大量恐怖主義和極端勢力基地，進而使得阿富汗成為“一帶一路”建設(shè)高危國家。東歐相關(guān)國家因領(lǐng)土和民族糾紛正愈益走向武裝沖突的邊緣。美日攜手東亞一些小伙伴在東海和南?？桃馓羝鹗露?，影響東盟集體參與“一帶一路”建設(shè)的意愿。

非傳統(tǒng)安全風(fēng)險?！耙粠б宦贰苯ㄔO(shè)行將在傳統(tǒng)安全和非傳統(tǒng)安全事件高發(fā)區(qū)推進。其間，我國與絲路沿線國家行將面臨諸多源于非傳統(tǒng)安全領(lǐng)域的威脅。研究表明，非傳統(tǒng)安全問題從產(chǎn)生到解決都具有明顯的跨國性特征，不僅威脅到某個國家的安全利益，而且有可能殃及周邊國家乃至整個人類利益；不僅對某個國家構(gòu)成安全威脅，而且可能對別國的國家安全不同程度地造成危害。例如，地球臭氧層的破壞，生物多樣性的喪失，埃博拉等染性疾病的傳播等，不僅是針對某個國家的安全威脅，而且關(guān)系到全人類的整體安全利益。其間，有關(guān)各國可能面臨的安全威脅體現(xiàn)在下列領(lǐng)域：專屬經(jīng)濟區(qū)管轄權(quán)、資源和能源、恐怖主義、毒品、艾滋病、海盜、非法移民、環(huán)境安全、金融安全、信息安全，等等。上述任何問題處置不當，均有可能影響到國家經(jīng)濟安全。

研究表明，在網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息和高科技作用下，恐怖主義和極端勢力對主權(quán)國家、公司企業(yè)和各界居民的侵擾與攻擊手段與日俱增。例如，極端組織“伊斯蘭國”正在中東地區(qū)挑起動亂。研究表明，傳統(tǒng)安全威脅從萌芽、醞釀、激化到導(dǎo)致武裝沖突，往往會通過一個矛盾不斷積聚、性質(zhì)逐漸演變的漸進過程，往往會表現(xiàn)出許多征兆，人們可據(jù)此而采取相應(yīng)的防范措施。然而，許多非傳統(tǒng)安全威脅市場突然降臨，使得相關(guān)國家、公司企業(yè)和個人陷入倉促應(yīng)對窘境。例如，20世紀80年代以來，艾滋病、“瘋牛病”、口蹄疫、薩斯、禽流感、埃博拉等衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域，與此同時，現(xiàn)代人類在探索地震、海嘯、颶風(fēng)等自然災(zāi)害還面臨諸多未解之謎，加之諸多國家經(jīng)濟與科技發(fā)展水平殘差不齊，導(dǎo)致許多國家缺乏對災(zāi)害的早期預(yù)警能力，相關(guān)安全事件突然爆發(fā)，其擴散態(tài)勢之猛，影響之嚴重，危害性之大，均遠遠超出相關(guān)國家乃至國際社會的預(yù)料，進而給“一帶一路”相關(guān)項目和企業(yè)帶來無可估量的政治、經(jīng)濟損失。利比亞撤僑事件更是充分表明，境外中資企業(yè)正成為恐怖分子和敵對勢力襲擊的目標。中國人在國外無敵人的境況已經(jīng)成為歷史。

丹尼斯教授

美國EIR雜志編委

李青教授

東國際戰(zhàn)略研究院秘書長

對美國參與“一帶一路”合作保持樂觀

我給你們帶來的是，關(guān)于美中近期圍繞“一帶一路”全球發(fā)展計劃開展合作的非常樂觀的觀點。我樂觀的基礎(chǔ)，在于習(xí)近平主席提出的共贏戰(zhàn)略和哲理在美國引起了深度反響，這一反響源于美國建國的憲法原則。美國參與一帶一路合作的這些前瞻性領(lǐng)域，必然要通過在全球范圍內(nèi)運用格拉斯思迪加爾法則，對當前破產(chǎn)的跨大西洋體系進行全面重組，根據(jù)漢密爾頓設(shè)計的原則創(chuàng)造新的信貸體系（而不是貨幣金融體系）。

金磚國家創(chuàng)建新開發(fā)銀行和應(yīng)急儲備資金，是這種重組活動的開始，目的在于向大規(guī)模發(fā)展項目提供資金，而不是喂養(yǎng)惡化那些致命的投機癌癥。林登和赫爾加拉魯旭因此呼吁美國和歐洲加入金磚國家這一進程，放棄華爾街和倫敦，讓他們走向應(yīng)得的命運結(jié)局：破產(chǎn)和葬禮。要達到這一目標，美國不得不回歸他更好的模式：萊布尼茲的實體經(jīng)濟原則，也是這個國家的建國基礎(chǔ)。那就是我保持樂觀的原因。

急需大量培育跨國公司與經(jīng)營技術(shù)人才

廣東實施“海上新絲路”建設(shè)戰(zhàn)略的關(guān)鍵是培育投資主體跨國公司。一是培育一批建設(shè)“海上新絲路”投資和經(jīng)營跨國主體。重點鼓勵和扶持具有一定規(guī)模實力、品牌優(yōu)勢和市場基礎(chǔ)的大型企業(yè)集團、行業(yè)骨干企業(yè)、高新技術(shù)企業(yè)、名牌產(chǎn)品企業(yè)到海外各國設(shè)立貿(mào)易公司、建立生產(chǎn)企業(yè)、開展各種國際經(jīng)濟技術(shù)合作。二是鼓勵跨國企業(yè)對“海上新絲路”沿線各國投資，積極參與資源開發(fā)的合作。著力推動跨國企業(yè)對外大型并購項目、大型資源開發(fā)項目、大型承包工程項目給予優(yōu)惠貸款、貼息資助或政府擔保。三是與各國企業(yè)進行合作，通過長期貿(mào)易協(xié)議、帶資承包、參股、BOT等方式，承攬水利、交通、能源等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)項目，支持有實力的企業(yè)對外投資和承包高技術(shù)工程業(yè)務(wù)；鼓勵企業(yè)投資能源、建筑、電信和金融等重點行業(yè)，通過并購、重組、聯(lián)合等多種形式，集中力量開發(fā)礦產(chǎn)、原油等礦產(chǎn)資源，建立多元、穩(wěn)定、長期可靠的資源供應(yīng)基地。

另一個非常重要的問題是，共建“海上新絲路”需要大量各類人才，特別需要熟練掌握有關(guān)國家語言，了解各國文化和習(xí)俗，懂經(jīng)濟、外貿(mào)和金融，而且對有關(guān)國家的國情、法律、政策有深刻了解的高級人才。培養(yǎng)一批跨國經(jīng)營人才和技術(shù)人才，才能推動“海上新絲路”戰(zhàn)略的實施及其與中國經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系持續(xù)發(fā)展。需要政府通過人才戰(zhàn)略，加強國際化人才的培育力度，可以把國內(nèi)骨干人才派到國外去學(xué)習(xí)和工作，在國外增長才干，培養(yǎng)一批懂經(jīng)營規(guī)律，會管理、技術(shù)精、適應(yīng)國際競爭需要的專門人才；引進海外留學(xué)生、在海外工作過的人才，聘請一些具有海外留學(xué)經(jīng)歷的高校教師來培養(yǎng)高級人才。

馮雷鳴教授

天津國際發(fā)展研究院秘書長

楊柏教授

重慶國際戰(zhàn)略研究院秘書長

“一帶一路”建設(shè)中應(yīng)重視發(fā)揮智庫作用

智庫是國家軟實力的重要載體，在對外交往中發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。自“一帶一路”提出以來，各個智庫積極貢獻研究力量，從各維度建言獻策，充分發(fā)揮了智庫在治國理政中的重要作用。但是目前我國還沒有具有較大影響力和國際知名度的高質(zhì)量智庫，高水平的研究成果也不夠多，參與決策咨詢?nèi)狈χ贫刃园才牛菐旖ㄔO(shè)缺乏整體規(guī)劃，資源配置不夠科學(xué)等。我國高校在周邊國家研究方面力量相對薄弱，急需增強研究力量，深化“一帶一路”國家國別研究，與有關(guān)國家智庫構(gòu)建合作網(wǎng)絡(luò)，產(chǎn)出豐富的智庫成果。在服務(wù)國家“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略背景下，“一帶一路”新戰(zhàn)略與大國外交等重點問題成為許多智庫研究的熱點。

“一帶一路”建設(shè)中會出現(xiàn)大量需要解決的各種現(xiàn)實問題，從宏觀到微觀，從文化到社會，從政策到工程，從人力資源到技術(shù)瓶頸。需要開展區(qū)域與沿線各國社會發(fā)展研究，國別、國情、科學(xué)研判，經(jīng)貿(mào)與文化交流、國際商務(wù)合作研究，人才需求調(diào)查與培養(yǎng)研究。開展前瞻性、針對性、儲備性政策研究，對“一帶一路”建設(shè)未來5年、15年、50年的發(fā)展做出科學(xué)研判、戰(zhàn)略思考和超前謀劃。我國相關(guān)外語類院校應(yīng)立足“多語種特色”、“跨文化優(yōu)勢”、“產(chǎn)學(xué)研平臺”和“走出去橋梁”等要素稟賦和功能定位，在人才培養(yǎng)、學(xué)術(shù)研究、社會服務(wù)、人文交流等方面服務(wù)共建“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略，開展全方位、多層次的培訓(xùn)與咨詢，為促進中國與絲綢之路國家的人文交流搭建平臺。

促進重慶市口岸經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的四點建議

共建“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略，開創(chuàng)了我國全方位對外開放的新格局。作為“絲綢之路經(jīng)濟帶”、“渝新歐”國際鐵路的一個起點，長江黃金水道的一個樞紐點，乃至內(nèi)地到云南-緬甸-印度洋-波斯灣的一個關(guān)鍵節(jié)點，重慶在“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略格局中具有發(fā)揮“戰(zhàn)略支點”作用的巨大潛能。為此，近年來，在黨中央、國務(wù)院的大力支持下，重慶逐步形成了水陸空三個交通樞紐、三個國家一類口岸、三個保稅區(qū)“三個三合一”的開放特征，這在我國內(nèi)陸城市中絕無僅有。重慶如何以2015年4月17日國務(wù)院印發(fā)的《國務(wù)院關(guān)于改進口岸工作支持外貿(mào)發(fā)展的若干意見》為戰(zhàn)略指引，抓住口岸新機遇，進一步發(fā)揮三個“三合一”內(nèi)陸開放平臺優(yōu)勢，對于重慶打造“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略支點地位尤為重要。

世界經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展歷程揭示，國際化大都市的崛起大多得益于發(fā)達的口岸經(jīng)濟。與國內(nèi)外成熟的口岸地區(qū)相比，當前重慶的口岸發(fā)展仍處于“欠發(fā)達區(qū)間”，但距離“發(fā)達區(qū)間”只有一線之隔。無論是保證制造業(yè)與進出口穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的同時大力發(fā)展第三產(chǎn)業(yè)，保證制造業(yè)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的同時大力發(fā)展第三產(chǎn)業(yè)和進出口或者制造業(yè)，第三產(chǎn)業(yè)與進出口齊頭并進，都能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)重慶口岸經(jīng)濟的跨越式發(fā)展。我認為，促進重慶市口岸經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的對策建議主要有以下四點：

（一）以通用機械行業(yè)為突破口，探索全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈一體化的對外貿(mào)易路徑；

（二）將“口岸型總部經(jīng)濟”打造為開放型經(jīng)濟新引擎；

（三）以國際化人文口岸為依托助推口岸經(jīng)濟發(fā)展；

（四）以制度創(chuàng)新優(yōu)化口岸經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的軟環(huán)境。

On September 22nd， the International Symposium on Influence of Chinese “The Belt and Road” Initiative （B&R）upon Eurasian Economies and the Opportunity & Pathway of Chongqing Open Inland Economy were convened in Sichuan International Studies University （SISU）， which was sponsored and hosted by Chongqing Research Institute for International Strategies （CRIIS）. Several specialists and professors from USA， Germany and China were present to discuss B&R's profound impacts on Eurasian economic pattern and its potential“opportunities” for Chongqing. Mr. Ming Guohui， SISU Chancellor and CRIIS President， and Mr. Xiong Lin， Deputy Director of Chongqing Foreign Trade and Economic Relations Commission，attended to this symposium.

At the symposium， Ms. Helga Zepp La-Rouche，Chairwoman of the Schiller Institute， Mr. Lin Guijun， Vice President of University of International Business and Economics， Mr. Jiang Yuechun， President of Institute for World Economy Studies of China Institute for International Studies， Mr. Pu Yongjian， Vice Dean of Institute for Sustainable Development Studies of Chongqing University， Mr. Liu Youfa， former Consul General of China in Bombay， Mr. Dennis Neham Small， Editorial Board of Executive Intelligence Review， Ms. Li Qing， Secretary-General of Guangdong Research Institute for International Strategies of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies， Mr. Feng Leiming， Secretary-General of Tianjin International Institute for Strategic Studies of Tianjin Foreign Studies University， and Mr. Yang Bai， Secretary-General of Chongqing Research Institute for International Strategies gave their wonderful keynote speeches. All these specialists and professors asserted that B&R initiative will impose profound impacts on Eurasian economic pattern and bring great opportunities for Chongqing to develop its inland open economy.

Ming GuohuiChancellor of Sichuan International Studies University and President of Chongqing Research Institute for International StrategiesThoughts on Chongqing Economical Development and B&R lnitiative from lntegrated Perspective of China and the West

Since the B&R strategic initiative was proposed， there has been an upsurge of B&R research from academic field. CRIIS was established in December 2014 in response to this background. The Institute is targeting to build up a platform for studies on Chongqing international strategic issues from political，academic， and industrial fields. In addition， it also attempts to provide Chongqing government consultancy on policy decisionmaking to realize its all-round opening strategic development. Nearly one year since its establishment， the Institute has been very active to make its voice in the Chongqing's development. A report， Suggestions and Countermeasures on Promotion of Chongqing Port Economic Development， has been submitted to Chongqing municipal government and authorities in charge of foreign economic and trade， and appreciated highly and offi cially by the main leaders.

CRIIS has successively conducted academic exchanges with experts and scholars from Denmark， Japan， South Korea，Australia， France， Hungary etc. In addition， the institute has also attended many high level academic conferences inside and outside of Chongqing， such as the seminar on inspiration and opportunity of B&R construction on China-Myanmar relations， the second tripartite meeting among China， India and Nepal， the entrepreneur symposium under the situation of global economic integration， the US-China smart city cooperation and their enterprises docking， and the Chongqing Economic Dialogue by the world and chongqing magazine.etc.

In the Future， CRIIS will focus on the information resource collection of key countries along Yuxin'ou Railway route，including the construction of information databases in industry，investment， and trade， in order to build a national data resource platform. The institute will carry out in-depth researches on these key countries' industry development and evaluation， investment risk， policy， and opportunity， and the trade development with China's western regions， so as to provide Chongqing's relevant government departments and enterprises supports for their decision-making in investment and cooperation with these key countries. And the institute is also going to publish bluebooks on B&R strategy based on these information and datum. He believes that CRIIS will definitely contribute to CQ economic development and our national B&R construction from the perspectives of both China and the west and fi gure out a feasible pathway for the Industry-university-research integration.

Xiong LinDeputy Director of Chongqing Foreign Trade and Economic Relations CommissionExerting the Role of A New Local Type of Think Tank and Undertaking the Responsibility of Strategic Decisions

In September and October of 2013， Chinese President Xi Jinping raised the initiative of jointly building the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road， thus forming a new pattern of China's opening up to the outside world. The initiative to jointly build the Belt and Road， embracing the trend toward a multipolar world， economic globalization， cultural diversity and greater IT application， is designed to uphold the global free trade regime and the open world economy in the spirit of open regional cooperation. In recent years， Chongqing is implementing the spirit of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and its third Plenary Session. In support of the central authorities， guided by the development strategy of five functional areas， Chongqing also actively integrates into the initiative， and vigorously promotes the construction of open inland highland. With the construction of such open elements as "channel， customs clearance， platform"，Chongqing has formed an open platform with three trinities. They are three national hubs of railways， river ports and airports，three category-1 ports， and three free trade zones. Chonqing's 13th Five-Year Plan aims at building as an B&R strategic pivot point， and concentrates its efforts to the construction of inland development highland.

Without doubt， Chongqing should grasp this historical opportunity， try to amplify new advantages of inland openness，and continue to enlarge the breadth and depth of its openness. Therefore， a new type of think tank needs to be rooted locally to illustrate Chongqing to the world， while helping Chongqing understand the world， and guides the development of Chongqing International trade and economy so as to adjust itself to the new normal. Thus， with the great support of Chongqing municipal government， on December 18， 2014， his commission cosponsored SISU （Sichuan International Studies University）to construct Chongqing Research Institute for International Strategies. Regarded as the only new type of think tank specialized in researching Chongqing's international issues， the institute focuses on countries' economies， international trade and investment， countries' laws and international rules， etc. Currently，the institute is still in the primary stage and in the process of exploration of team and system building. We hope that， guided by the Opinions on Strengthening the Construction of New Types of Think Tanks with Chinese Characteristics issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the General Office of the State Council on January 20， 2015， the institute will strengthen the cooperation and exchange with good thinktanks both here and abroad， actively participate in and organize the international conferences on related topics， while exploring development path of a new type of think tank in order to play the role of such research functions as "turning knowledge into wisdom"， providing consultancy for government， triggering the creation and gathering talents， and make scientifi c explanations of the international trade and economic problems， and undertake the responsibility of providing support for Chongqing government in making strategic decisions of international trade and economy.

Previous papers have found that the prevalence of hospital undernutrition varies between 27% to more than 50% depending on the identification criteria, the medical or surgical setting and the age of the patients[6-10].

Helga Zepp-LaRoucheChairwoman of the Schiller InstituteDevelopment of the New Silk Road/B&R Offers the Only Chance to Surmount the Many Crises Confronting Europe

As tragic as the refugee crisis is for the millions of people fl eeing， it potentially has a good side： more and more Europeans are realizing that the policy of Europe must fundamentally change， that the causes for the outflow of refugees from their countries must be eliminated， and that this requires， in addition to a scrupulous analysis of those causes， a comprehensive economic development program for Southwest Asia and Africa. Above all， the 180 degree change of the German government and its pledge to accept all refugees from Syria， offers an exceptional chance to bring about a change in Europe. The charity shown by a great majority of the German population can become an orientation point for a new paradigm that would open Europe up to cooperation with the Silk Road Economic Belt policy. But it must be made more explicit. The attractiveness of the policy of the New Silk Road is found in the inspiring example of the Chinese Economic Miracle of the last 30 years， which shows the way for every nation on this planet that is willing to make this lesson their own. The One Belt， One Road （B&R）perspective simply means to replicate the Chinese Economic Miracle everywhere， in Southern Europe， Southwest Asia， and in Africa.

In 2014， the Schiller Institute together with EIR produced a 370-page comprehensive study titled： “The New Silk Road Becomes the World Land-bridge”， which completed the program for reconstruction of the world economy. Sections of these programs could be the immediate outlines for the economic development to reconstruct and build up Southern Europe， the Balkans， South West Asia and Africa and should be put on the international agenda. Development of the New Silk Road/B&R offers the only chance， in her view， to surmount the many crises confronting Europe.

Lin GuijunVice President of University of International Business and EconomicsChina Achieving Development and Progress in the Global Value Chain by the Promotion of B&R Strategy

The B&R initiative is a new powerful force， not only supporting enterprise transfer along the value chain and cluster development， but also realizing the collaboration of upstream and downstream industrial chain， establishing the complete system of research & development， production and sales

As our fast development in global value chain， we should not neglect the pushing force of free trade area （FTA） development. In order to participate in the global value chain， developing countries are actively negotiating for free trade agreement with the developed countries. China's FTA strategy can be described as “The high standard free trade area network relying on the surrounding countries， radiating to the B&R area and facing the world”. Factors affecting our FTA establishment include global value chain， introduction of foreign capital and technology， export markets （traditional markets， seeking new markets）， energy resources supply security， excess capacity output. Our strategic key directions firstly include the integration of global value and the introduction of advanced technology to stabilize the traditional market （developed countries） and to promote domestic reform. Secondly， we should develop new markets along the B&R countries and regions， and output our excess capacity，ensure our energy and resource supply security， in order to realize the strategic rebalance. Only by studying these problems and solving them， can we realize the further development and progress in the global value chain in the future.

Jiang Yuechun，Director of the China Institute of International Studies' Department for World Economy and DevelopmentChongqing will give full play to its unique advantages in the progress of building the new Silk Road Economic Belt

B&R initiative infl uences Chinese economy in three aspects. Firstly， China has its advantage in infrastructure building， which has already caught the worldwide attention. Besides， China is good at cost control and has accumulated best international practices during its overseas construction projects under the policy of “Going Out”. Secondly， this initiative will help China build global industrial chain. Over the past decades， Chinese enterprises have been placed at the low end of the industrial chain. B&R initiative may change its current status， providing opportunity to maximize the profits. Thirdly， China has been on a fast track of economic transformation and upgrading. China's Council has unveiled a national plan， dubbed "Made in China 2025" in 18 May， which is China's fi rst 10-year action plan under the policy of “strengthening China by developing manufacturing industry”. This plan， with such strategic focuses on information technology， high-end equipment， new material and biological medicine， attempts to accumulate best social resources so as to forge ahead the development of competitive and strategic industries. As for the interconnectivity of energies and infrastructures， “the Belt and Road” Initiative may help carry out the "Made in China 2025" Plan， which， in return， will provide solid industrial support. The seamless connection of the two endeavors is of strategic importance for the implementation of innovation-driven development strategy and the acceleration of economic transformation and upgrading.

As for Chongqing's position in the construction of “the Belt and Road”， his answer is the following. Chongqing， being the sole municipality directly under the central government and the only one national central city in west and middle China，is the gateway of south-west China. It has and should play a strategic role in the new Silk Road Economic Belt. It is the strategic starting point of the Eurasia corridor， connecting the north-west through Yuxin'ou international railway. It is a hub along the Yangtze River Economic Belt， as it connects the east region by the Yangtze River， a vital transportation waterway. Through the roads in Yunnan and Myanmar， it connects the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road by the south-west economic corridor including India， Bangladesh and Myanmar. Naturally， Chongqing enjoys a solid industrial foundation and great potential for development. It tops the list of south-west cities in terms of GDP growth rate， value of industrial output， import and export， and the introduction of foreign capital. More than 200 of the Fortune 500 companies are doing their businesses in Chongqing. Industries such as food， energy， logistics， and tourism enjoy steady development， while others like electronic information，automobile， equipment manufacturing， chemical engineering and material continue to grow in size and industrial cluster is taking shape. Big data industry is growing increasingly. E-commerce，offshore finance and other emerging service industries are springing up. High-end manufacturing equipment industry is showing highlights continuously. With the growth of Chongqing's industrial advantages and competitiveness， it is believed that Chongqing is bound to tap its potential in its unique advantages and play a better role in the new Silk Road development.

Pu YongjianVice Dean of Institute for Sustainable Development Studies of Chongqing UniversityAs for Chongqing's involvement in the B&R lnitiative， importance should be attached to demand， comparative advantages and industry extension

When getting involved in B&R Initiative， enterprises in Chongqing need to consider the following three respects： demand， comparative advantage， and industrial extension.

First， demand. Investors are supposed to identify their right investment fi elds， fi guring out the needs of countries along the B&R route. They are， in the short term， all in urgent need of infrastructure， therefore a priority area of investment. Second，comparative advantage. Most of the countries along the B&R route are developing countries， with products of comparative advantage still in the stage of primary processed products. Enterprises in Chongqing， however， may be comparatively advantageous in this regard. Third， industrial extension. Chongqing is vigorously developing its headquarter economy，and relevant industrial chains can be extended to the countries along the route by taking the comparative advantage in labor cost. Of course， investment involved in the B&R initiative is likely to be relatively low with respect to cash-to-cash return. Currently， the average rate of return on infrastructural investment is less than 3 percent. This rate can be lower when investors are investing and fi nancing platforms of local governments. But from a macroscopic perspective， developing infrastructure will indeed bring about enormous social benefi ts. On the whole， the investment demand generated by B&R helps China to identify its new way out of overcapacity. This demand is not only conducive to short-term economic growth and job creation， but it exploits China's long-term development potential as well.

Liu Youfa，F(xiàn)ormer Consul General of China in BombayOverseas chinese enterprises should seriously cope with both traditional and non-traditional security issues.

The economic globalization has involved China into the Global Village”. The Belt and Road construction is bound o help to extend Chinese economic and benefit frontiers to he international level. During the process of organizing and participating relevant projects and business cooperation， our government and enterprises stakeholders should earnestly prepare for and deal with both traditional and non-traditional security issues.

Traditional Security Risks Researches show that there are still problems left by WWII along the Silk Road. North Korea and South Korea are on the verge of conflicts at any time. As America gradually withdraw its troops from Afghan， the Afghan econstruction and national reconciliation have been officially put on the agenda in the international society. However， the war utterly destroyed the traditional national culture and economy；ore the national cohesion bond， bred mass terrorists and extremist forces bases， which made Afghan a high-risk country in B&R construction. Due to territorial and national disputes， the relevant countries in East Europe are growing toward the edge of military conflicts. America and Japan join hands with some Eastasian countries to provoke East China Sea and South China Sea issues， trying to drive a wedge among the ASEAN countries and subtaging their wish to participate the B&R initiative construction.

Non-traditional security risks---B&R construction will be advanced in areas with high risk in traditional and non-traditional security incidents. Meanwhile China and countries along the Silk Road will face threats in terms of non-traditional security. such as the damage of earth ozone layer， the lost of biodiversity，the spread of Ebola and other infectious diseases. They are not merely threatening any country's security， but also threatening the integral security interests of all the human beings. which may all affect country's economic security.

Studies indicate that under the infl uence of internet and hightechnology， terrorism and extreme forces' invasion and means of attacks against sovereignty， enterprises and residents are increasingly varied. It proved that when the traditional security threats form sprouting， incubating， intensifying to military conflicts， they usually follow a process from accumulative contradictions to gradual- evolution nature with signs shown，so people can take accordingly preventive measures. However，many non-traditional security threats arrive in the market suddenly， which makes relevant countries， enterprises and individuals into dilemma of rush response. Meantime， modern human still encounter many unsolved mysteries when exploring earthquakes， tsunamis， hurricanes and other natural disasters， together with the imbalanced development in economy and technology among countries. As a result， many countries lack early warning capability for disasters. When the relevant security incidents break out， the severity， impacts and damages are far beyond the expectation of the involved countries even the international society， which thus brings immeasurable political and economical loss to the projects and enterprises related with B&R Initiative. The evacuation of nationals in Libya showed that overseas Chinese enterprises became the target of terrorists and hostile forces. The era when Chinese have enemies abroad has been a history.

Dennis SmallEditorial Board of Executive Intelligence Review， USAl hold an optimistic view regarding the prospects for America's cooperation with China's "One Belt， One Road"

He bring us an emphatically optimistic view regarding the prospects for U.S. cooperation with Chin's "One Belt， One Road" global development perspective in the period immediately ahead. His grounds for optimism resides in the fact that the "win-win" strategy and philosophy promoted by President Xi Jinping strikes a deep respondent chord in the U.S.， a chord which is at the very root of the founding Constitutional principles of the United States. Such forward-looking areas of cooperation between the United States and One Belt， One Road will require a full reorganization of the presently bankrupt trans-Atlantic system，by the global application of the Glass-Steagall principle， and then creating the institutions of a new credit system （not a monetary system）， along the lines designed by Alexander Hamilton. The beginnings of such areorganization have been set in motion by the BRICS nations' creation of the New Development Bank and Contingent Reserve Arrangement， whose intention is to fi nance great development projects， and not feed the speculative cancer which is killing us. Lyndon and Helga LaRouche have therefore called for the United States and Europe to join the BRICS in this process， and abandon Wall Street and the City of London to their own much-deserved fate： bankruptcy and burial. To achieve this， the United States will have to return to its better self： the Leibnizian principles of physical economy on which the nation was founded. That， indeed， is cause for optimism.

Li QingSecretary-General of Guangdong Research Institute for International Strategies of Guangdong University of Foreign Studieslt's urgent to train large numbers of managerial and technical personnel for multinational companies

The key to Guangdong's implementation of the new Maritime Silk Road strategies mainly is to foster the investmentoriented multinational companies. First， cultivate an array of multinational investors engaged in maritime Silk Road investment and management. Second， encourage multinational enterprises to invest in the countries along the new road. Take an active part in the resource development and cooperation. Third， cooperate with foreign enterprises. Through long-term trade agreements，contracting with own capital， shares， BOT and other methods，hire the work of water conservancy， transportation， energy and other infrastructure projects， support strong companies to invest overseas and contract high-technology projects， encourage enterprises to invest in energy， construction， telecommunication，banking and so on. By means of M&A， reshuffle， alliance and others， strive to exploit mineral products， crude oil and other resources， build a multiple， stable and reliable resource supply base.

Another important issue， the joint establishment of new Maritime Silk Road requires all kinds of talents who have a strong fluency in relevant languages， knowing well of not only cultures， customs， economy， foreign trade and finance but also national conditionals， laws and policies in the relevant countries. Only if we cultivate a group of management and technology talents in multinational enterprises， can we boomthe strategic implementation of the new Maritime Silk Road and keep a sustainable development with Chinese economic and trade relations. It also requires the government through human resource strategy to intensify the training of international talents. Domestic backbones can be sent to study or work overseas to enhance their abilities， so as to foster a group of professional personnel who know the management rules and manage companies with masterful techniques， and adapt the international demands. Introduce overseas students， personnel with overseas working experiences， and employ some university teachers with overseas study background to train the advanced talents.

Feng LeimingSecretary-General of Tianjin Institute for International DevelopmentThink Tank should be concerned in the construction of "One Belt One Road"

Think tank is an important carrier of the country's soft power， and plays an irreplaceable role in foreign affairs. Ever since the "One Belt One Road" was proposed， contributions were made for research in various tanks， which has fully played an important role in governance. But right now there is no infl uential and international visibility of high quality tanks， especially the high quality research results. Researches in colleges and universities are relatively weak in the country， which request to strengthen research to deepen the "One Belt One Road" study of national level， and to build a cooperative network with relevant countries. In the strategic context of serving "One Belt One Road"， its new strategic and diplomatic issues have become the focus of many studies of think-tank.

In the construction of "One Belt One Road" there will be a large number of various reality problems which need to be solved. Carrying out proactive， targeted， and reserved policy research， Chinese related language colleges should based on " diverse languages features" and "multiple culture advantage"，"research platform" and "bridge of going out" of all kinds of elements and functional positioning， to build a "One Belt One Road" strategy in aspects of talent training， academic research，social service， and humanities exchange， carrying out full， and multiple levels of training and advisory， and building a platform for promoting China and the silk road national humanities exchange.

Yang BaiSecretary-General of Chongqing Research Institute for International StrategiesFour Points on Promoting Chongqing's Port Economy Development

The initiative to jointly build the Belt and Road forms a new pattern of all-around opening-up. Chongqing has a great potential to be built as a strategic fulcrum for the Belt and Road. Therefore， supported by the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council， Chongqing has been gradually forming an opening-up characteristic with three trinities， which are three transportation hubs of railways， river ports and airports，three f category-1 ports and three free trade zones. This is the unique characteristic compared with other inland cities in China. Under the guidelines of the Opinions on Supporting the Foreign Trade Development by Improving the Port Services issued by the State Council on April 17， 2015， Chongqing should seize the new opportunity in developing port economy， and take the advantages of the inland open platform with three trinities， which is very important for Chongqing to establish itself as the strategic fulcrum of the Belt and Road.

Looking back to the history of the world economy development， the rise of an international metropolis is mostly due to the well-developed port economy. Compared with the mature port areas in domestic and overseas， Chongqing's port development is still underdeveloped recently， but it is pretty close to be developed. There are 3 patterns of developing port economy： the first one is to secure the stable development of both manufacturing and import and export industries， while developing the third industry vigorously； the second one is to secure stable development of manufacturing industry， while developing both import and export industry and the third industry；and the last one is to develop the manufacturing， import and export and the third industries equally. No matter which pattern is adopted， it will facilitate Chongqing's port economy to achieve a leapfrog development. In his opinion， there are four points on promoting Chongqing's port economy development as follow：

1. Starting from the general machinery industry as a sally port to explore foreign trade pathways of all industry integration；

2. Making the port headquarter economy into the engine of open economy；

3. Considering international cultures to boost the development of port economy；

4. Conducting system innovation to optimize the soft environment of the port economy development..

International Symposium on Opportunity & Pathway of Chongqing Open Inland Economy， B&R's Profound Impacts on Eurasian Economic Pattern

□ Written by Zeng Rui Photo by Wu'An