“謀發(fā)展首先要謀安全”
——對(duì)話中華人民共和國(guó)外交部領(lǐng)事司副司長(zhǎng)、領(lǐng)事保護(hù)中心主任翟雷鳴

□ 文/本刊記者 曾睿

□ Written by Zeng Rui

“謀發(fā)展首先要謀安全”
——對(duì)話中華人民共和國(guó)外交部領(lǐng)事司副司長(zhǎng)、領(lǐng)事保護(hù)中心主任翟雷鳴

□ 文/本刊記者 曾睿

翟雷鳴中華人民共和國(guó)外交部領(lǐng)事司副司長(zhǎng)、領(lǐng)事保護(hù)中心主任　攝影：唐楠

隨著中國(guó)改革開(kāi)放的不斷深化，越來(lái)越多的中國(guó)公民和企業(yè)“走出去”，中國(guó)公民和企業(yè)的海外安全也前所未有地得到社會(huì)各界的關(guān)注。今年4月中國(guó)政府動(dòng)用我國(guó)海軍軍艦緊急撤離在也門(mén)地區(qū)的中國(guó)公民、在尼泊爾強(qiáng)震中中國(guó)政府采取強(qiáng)有力的“中國(guó)行動(dòng)”以及最近馬航MH370航班失聯(lián)事件取得重大發(fā)展，使得中國(guó)公民海外安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和領(lǐng)事保護(hù)問(wèn)題持續(xù)成為全社會(huì)關(guān)注熱點(diǎn)。最近，中華人民共和國(guó)外交部領(lǐng)事司副司長(zhǎng)、領(lǐng)事保護(hù)中心主任翟雷鳴專程來(lái)到重慶指導(dǎo)外事系統(tǒng)開(kāi)展海外領(lǐng)事保護(hù)工作，本刊特地就中國(guó)公民與企業(yè)海外安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、領(lǐng)事保護(hù)等話題對(duì)他進(jìn)行了專訪。

記者：翟司長(zhǎng)，您好，歡迎您在盛夏來(lái)到山城重慶。現(xiàn)在，越來(lái)越多的中國(guó)公民和中國(guó)企業(yè)走出國(guó)門(mén)，我國(guó)政府高度重視保護(hù)中國(guó)公民和企業(yè)在海外的合法權(quán)益，中國(guó)公民和企業(yè)的海外安全也前所未有地得到社會(huì)各界的關(guān)注。請(qǐng)問(wèn)當(dāng)前我國(guó)政府構(gòu)建了怎樣的工作機(jī)制？中國(guó)公民和企業(yè)在海外可以得到哪些領(lǐng)事服務(wù)？您作為我國(guó)外交部處置多起中國(guó)公民和企業(yè)海外安全突發(fā)事件的決策者和執(zhí)行負(fù)責(zé)人，如何看待中國(guó)公民與企業(yè)的海外安全現(xiàn)狀？

翟雷鳴：好的，謝謝。對(duì)大家而言，包括對(duì)我自己而言，領(lǐng)事保護(hù)都是一個(gè)新鮮事。領(lǐng)事保護(hù)是服務(wù)每一個(gè)個(gè)體公民的。過(guò)去我們的公民出去得很少，在國(guó)外發(fā)生案件的幾率更小，所以幾乎遇不到什么需要領(lǐng)事保護(hù)的情況。領(lǐng)事保護(hù)工作是中國(guó)外交的一個(gè)新的工作領(lǐng)域。也是今天中國(guó)外交的一個(gè)亮點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樗婕暗矫恳粋€(gè)走出國(guó)門(mén)的中國(guó)人。在“走出去”的過(guò)程中，中國(guó)公民在海外發(fā)生了很多事，特別是最近十年。媒體的報(bào)道、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的關(guān)心和百姓的關(guān)注，使領(lǐng)事保護(hù)工作被推上了一個(gè)前所未有的高度。

2004年，11名中國(guó)工人在阿富汗遇襲身亡，舉國(guó)震驚。這也是迄今為止我們遇到過(guò)的死亡人數(shù)最多的海外中國(guó)公民的恐怖襲擊事件，引起了國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和社會(huì)各界對(duì)中國(guó)公民和企業(yè)海外安全問(wèn)題的高度重視。隨后，外交部牽頭建立了境外中國(guó)公民和機(jī)構(gòu)安全保護(hù)工作部際聯(lián)席會(huì)議機(jī)制，自2004年部際聯(lián)席會(huì)議機(jī)制成立以來(lái)，經(jīng)過(guò)不斷探索和實(shí)踐，我國(guó)已基本建立了中央、地方、駐外使領(lǐng)館、企業(yè)和個(gè)人“五位一體”的境外安全保護(hù)工作聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制，實(shí)施了海外風(fēng)險(xiǎn)定期評(píng)估制度，境外中國(guó)公民和機(jī)構(gòu)安全保護(hù)工作取得突破性進(jìn)展。從2011年利比亞撤僑到今年的也門(mén)撤僑、尼泊爾強(qiáng)震救助同胞，每一次都是該機(jī)制率先啟動(dòng)，綜合利用各方面的力量，積極幫助那些在海外遇到困難的同胞們。今年四月，中國(guó)政府動(dòng)用我海軍軍艦緊急撤離了在也門(mén)地區(qū)的中國(guó)公民和一些外國(guó)僑民，這是新中國(guó)歷史上第一次動(dòng)用武裝力量撤離自己的同胞。更早的時(shí)候，2011年利比亞發(fā)生了動(dòng)亂，整個(gè)國(guó)家處于無(wú)政府狀態(tài)，中國(guó)政府緊急從利比亞撤離了35800多人，成為世界領(lǐng)事保護(hù)史上的奇觀。

依照《中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)籍法》，凡具有中國(guó)國(guó)籍者，都可以在海外受到中國(guó)政府的領(lǐng)事保護(hù)。也就是說(shuō)，只要是中國(guó)公民，無(wú)論是定居國(guó)外的華僑，還是臨時(shí)出國(guó)的旅行者；無(wú)論是中國(guó)內(nèi)地居民，還是香港、澳門(mén)和臺(tái)灣同胞，都是中國(guó)駐外使領(lǐng)館提供領(lǐng)事保護(hù)的對(duì)象。當(dāng)中國(guó)公民、法人的合法權(quán)益在駐在國(guó)受到不法侵害時(shí)，中國(guó)駐外使領(lǐng)館依據(jù)公認(rèn)的國(guó)際法原則、有關(guān)國(guó)際公約、雙邊條約或協(xié)定以及中國(guó)和駐在國(guó)的有關(guān)法律，反映有關(guān)要求，敦促駐在國(guó)當(dāng)局依法公正、友好、妥善地處理。領(lǐng)事保護(hù)還包括我駐外使領(lǐng)館向中國(guó)公民或法人提供幫助或協(xié)助的行為，如提供國(guó)際旅行安全方面的信息、協(xié)助聘請(qǐng)律師和翻譯、探視被羈押人員、協(xié)助撤離危險(xiǎn)地區(qū)等。

目前中國(guó)公民和企業(yè)的海外安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)形勢(shì)不容樂(lè)觀，呈現(xiàn)“量率齊升”的特點(diǎn)。2014年，全年內(nèi)地居民出境人數(shù)破億，達(dá)到1.17億人次，同比增長(zhǎng)1845.3萬(wàn)人次，創(chuàng)5年來(lái)新高。在海外的中資企業(yè)超過(guò)了25000家，境外總資產(chǎn)將近30000億美元。2014年，中國(guó)駐外外交和領(lǐng)事機(jī)構(gòu)全年受理的領(lǐng)事保護(hù)和協(xié)助案件數(shù)量也持續(xù)大幅攀升，達(dá)59526件，其中領(lǐng)事保護(hù)案件14340件，領(lǐng)事協(xié)助案件45186件。

記者：當(dāng)前全國(guó)各省市都在如火如荼地圍繞“一帶一路”國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略和“渝新歐”等中歐鐵路大通道積極深化對(duì)外開(kāi)放，不斷擴(kuò)大對(duì)外交流必然帶來(lái)大量的人員往來(lái)和經(jīng)貿(mào)合作。請(qǐng)您談?wù)勛龊妙I(lǐng)事保護(hù)工作與促進(jìn)對(duì)外開(kāi)放和推進(jìn)地方經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的重要意義。

翟雷鳴：我們覺(jué)得謀發(fā)展首先要謀安全。維護(hù)好“走出去”企業(yè)自身的人員和機(jī)構(gòu)的安全，是企業(yè)在海外扎根扎得深的基礎(chǔ)，也是實(shí)現(xiàn)自己規(guī)模效益可持續(xù)擴(kuò)展的前提，也是我們維護(hù)國(guó)家海外利益、維護(hù)人員安全權(quán)益的要求。這是一項(xiàng)“海外民生工程”，是一個(gè)非常龐大的系統(tǒng)工程，離不開(kāi)各部門(mén)和社會(huì)各界的理解和支持，更離不開(kāi)我們“走出去”企業(yè)對(duì)安全工作上的重視和投入。海外有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但采取措施就可以盡量規(guī)避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，減少和避免損失。

“一帶一路”和“渝新歐”都會(huì)涉及中亞地區(qū)，相關(guān)國(guó)家普遍信仰伊斯蘭教。因國(guó)別情況不同，但是整體上看都存在有宗教的問(wèn)題，存在有發(fā)展不平衡的問(wèn)題，存在有法律法規(guī)相對(duì)不健全的問(wèn)題，個(gè)別地方還有社會(huì)治安的問(wèn)題，這些都是要注意的。關(guān)鍵是我們明確了要去某一個(gè)國(guó)家，就一定要做好功課。當(dāng)我們要深入某一個(gè)國(guó)家的時(shí)候，還得從一些權(quán)威渠道獲得權(quán)威而及時(shí)準(zhǔn)確的相關(guān)信息。中國(guó)領(lǐng)事服務(wù)網(wǎng)和12308熱線都是很有用的。我國(guó)駐外使領(lǐng)館的官方網(wǎng)站都提供權(quán)威及時(shí)的安全提醒，有條件的人士還可以直接到外文權(quán)威網(wǎng)站上去看看相關(guān)信息，以便多方面的了解目的地國(guó)的情況。簡(jiǎn)而言之是四句話，一個(gè)是未雨綢繆，出發(fā)之前一定要做功課，要了解目的地國(guó)風(fēng)土人情、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、法律法規(guī)、安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、社會(huì)治安、以及疫病方面的情況，盡可能的了解多一些。第二句話叫入境問(wèn)禁，到了別的國(guó)家不僅要知道什么事可以做，更重要的是一定要知道什么事情不能做，比如到了阿拉伯國(guó)家，是不能帶酒精飲料或者酒類的，不能裸露自己的身體的，否則就會(huì)惹麻煩。第三句話呢，叫入鄉(xiāng)隨俗，到了別人的國(guó)家要按照別人的規(guī)矩行事，不能有錢就任性，不能不管不顧。第四句話就是量力而行，對(duì)于我們的企業(yè)也好，公民也好，這句話非常重要，要明白自己可以做多少事，不要勉強(qiáng)，明知不可為而為之是不行的。

記者：對(duì)于很多普通老百姓來(lái)說(shuō)，“領(lǐng)事保護(hù)”還是一個(gè)比較陌生的概念。您作為外交部領(lǐng)事保護(hù)中心的負(fù)責(zé)人，能否用最大眾化的語(yǔ)言告訴我們“領(lǐng)事保護(hù)”對(duì)于老百姓個(gè)體的意義在哪里。對(duì)于越來(lái)越多的“走出去”的中國(guó)公民，您希望對(duì)他們說(shuō)些什么呢？

翟雷鳴：當(dāng)今世界，沒(méi)有任何一個(gè)國(guó)家和民族像中國(guó)這樣有這么海量的人到國(guó)外去，也從來(lái)沒(méi)有一個(gè)國(guó)家的公民像中國(guó)公民這樣迅速地走出去，這是這個(gè)星球上最有意義的人口遷徙活動(dòng)。2014年，我們的出境人數(shù)達(dá)到1億1千7百萬(wàn)人次，內(nèi)地居民在境外的純購(gòu)物消費(fèi)超過(guò)1萬(wàn)億元人民幣，我們?cè)诰惩獾膭趧?wù)人員累計(jì)超過(guò)700萬(wàn)人，留學(xué)人員累計(jì)超過(guò)了170萬(wàn)人，僅2014年留學(xué)生就將近50萬(wàn)人。這么多的人到海外去求學(xué)，去謀生，去打拼，所以我們說(shuō)一個(gè)海外中國(guó)已經(jīng)形成并且快速發(fā)展。這也必然帶來(lái)領(lǐng)事保護(hù)案件和領(lǐng)事保護(hù)需求的激增。

如果讓我用最大眾話的語(yǔ)言概括領(lǐng)事保護(hù)的意義的話，那就是“同胞在哪里，我們的保護(hù)就在哪里”。請(qǐng)同胞們記住12308這個(gè)熱線號(hào)碼。12308就是“123領(lǐng)保”的諧音，非常好記。如果我們的公民和法人在海外感到自己的安全受到了威脅，或者我們的合法權(quán)益受到了侵害，就可以聯(lián)系我們的駐外使領(lǐng)館或者撥打中華人民共和國(guó)全球領(lǐng)事保護(hù)應(yīng)急呼叫中心的熱線12308來(lái)尋求幫助。這條熱線從一開(kāi)通就為我們?cè)谌澜绲耐峁┝舜罅康膸椭_(kāi)通當(dāng)天就挽救了一位女留學(xué)生的生命。作為一名外交官，可能我們比其他任何職業(yè)的人都更加關(guān)注中國(guó)公民和企業(yè)在海外的安全。所以也希望每一位“走出去”的同胞都能夠?qū)Ｍ獍踩皖I(lǐng)事保護(hù)有最基本的了解，并務(wù)必記住12308這個(gè)號(hào)碼。

記者：您多次強(qiáng)調(diào)企業(yè)在“走出去”的時(shí)候，要特別重視“主動(dòng)構(gòu)建海外發(fā)展安全”意識(shí)。您認(rèn)為，在中國(guó)企業(yè)“走出去”的過(guò)程中，“主動(dòng)構(gòu)建海外發(fā)展安全”意識(shí)應(yīng)該主要體現(xiàn)在哪些方面？對(duì)于越來(lái)越多的“走出去”的中國(guó)企業(yè)，您有什么樣的建議呢？

2015年重慶市海外領(lǐng)事保護(hù)工作培訓(xùn)會(huì)在重慶舉行，翟雷鳴在會(huì)上作報(bào)告。 攝影：唐楠

翟雷鳴：我個(gè)人認(rèn)為這其實(shí)是一個(gè)問(wèn)題，因?yàn)槲覀円恢焙粲醯摹爸鲃?dòng)構(gòu)建海外發(fā)展安全”意識(shí)同時(shí)也就是在海外中國(guó)企業(yè)防范安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的一個(gè)重要內(nèi)容。具體做法上我們建議：首先要做安全評(píng)估，一定要把安全問(wèn)題擺在第一位，要密切跟蹤當(dāng)?shù)匕踩蝿?shì)，做好預(yù)警，與當(dāng)?shù)厥诡I(lǐng)館保持聯(lián)系暢通。商談項(xiàng)目合同的時(shí)候，一定要和合作方提出安全問(wèn)題，最好把我們的安全責(zé)任委托給當(dāng)?shù)卣?、?dāng)?shù)睾献髡?，同時(shí)還要求業(yè)主負(fù)責(zé)解決工作簽證和勞動(dòng)合同問(wèn)題。一方面我們對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)的勞動(dòng)用工需求量比較大，另外一方面，我們龐大的勞動(dòng)隊(duì)伍走出去，可能會(huì)給當(dāng)?shù)卣彤?dāng)?shù)厝嗣駧?lái)困擾，他們認(rèn)為我們出去好像就是為了掙錢、就是為了搶他們的飯碗，我們希望今后尤其是工程承包的企業(yè)，一定要把勞動(dòng)合同的問(wèn)題跟合作方提出來(lái)。第二，完善企業(yè)的安保制度，厘清國(guó)內(nèi)總部和國(guó)外分部之間的安全職責(zé)關(guān)系。境外項(xiàng)目要及早制訂規(guī)章制度和突發(fā)事件的應(yīng)急處置預(yù)案，發(fā)生事件的時(shí)候，要明確管轄職責(zé)，包括對(duì)我們總包商也要承擔(dān)自己的責(zé)任。我們從十多次的海外緊急撤離行動(dòng)中感覺(jué)到，有規(guī)矩和沒(méi)有規(guī)矩的隊(duì)伍是不一樣的，沒(méi)有培訓(xùn)、沒(méi)有規(guī)矩，臨時(shí)訓(xùn)練隊(duì)伍撤起來(lái)會(huì)非常困難；第三要加大安保投入，要舍得花錢，要把安保投入計(jì)算到成本里面；第四要堅(jiān)持守法經(jīng)營(yíng)；第五要強(qiáng)化員工的紀(jì)律，畢竟是在別人的國(guó)度，必須要搞清楚哪些可以做、哪些不可以做。第六要堅(jiān)持經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益并存；第七要積極融入當(dāng)?shù)厣鐣?huì)，提高屬地化經(jīng)營(yíng)水平，也要注意回饋當(dāng)?shù)厣鐣?huì)；第八要開(kāi)展公共外交，更多地介紹自己，把我們好的一面介紹給別人。

在這里我尤其想強(qiáng)調(diào)兩點(diǎn)，一是在海外安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)面前再大的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益都應(yīng)該一票否決！另外就是一定要守法經(jīng)營(yíng)，在國(guó)內(nèi)不能干、不敢干的事情到海外也不能干。

記者：您曾經(jīng)在一次演講中談到“領(lǐng)事保護(hù)保護(hù)的是合法權(quán)益，是有限的，是要付出代價(jià)”的，請(qǐng)問(wèn)，應(yīng)該如何正確理解“合法權(quán)益”“有限”“代價(jià)”等提法？

翟雷鳴：您這個(gè)問(wèn)題提得非常好，領(lǐng)事保護(hù)不是萬(wàn)能的，好比說(shuō)我們可以為你推薦律師，但是不能說(shuō)我們推薦的律師就一定能為你打贏官司，我們可以推薦翻譯，但是不能要求我們一定能夠推薦到符合你需求的翻譯人員。領(lǐng)事保護(hù)是要付出代價(jià)的，任何一次領(lǐng)事保護(hù)都會(huì)付出有形或無(wú)形的資源。做領(lǐng)保付出的是國(guó)家的外交資源，犧牲的是雙邊關(guān)系，甚至是幾代外交官多年來(lái)在該國(guó)培育的人脈關(guān)系，這些資源屬于國(guó)家，屬于所有中國(guó)人民，不是屬于哪幾個(gè)人的。所以，有時(shí)候我們的領(lǐng)事保護(hù)做得很漂亮，但付出的代價(jià)是很大的。當(dāng)然，如果屬于不可抗的原因，比如說(shuō)，天災(zāi)、地震、海嘯、疫病等原因造成的領(lǐng)事保護(hù)案件，政府肯定責(zé)無(wú)旁貸，要盡一切努力保證我們?cè)诤Ｍ夤竦陌踩?。?duì)于公民而言，要盡可能地避免發(fā)生由我們自身的原因造成的領(lǐng)事保護(hù)案件，這才是一個(gè)正確的領(lǐng)保觀。

記者：您一直呼吁國(guó)人在海外要注意素質(zhì)、注意在外形象，為什么您對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題有如此深刻的感受？從公眾媒體的角度，除了一味的“曝光”，還應(yīng)該從哪些方面進(jìn)行引導(dǎo)？

翟雷鳴：我們中國(guó)人走出去的時(shí)間還不長(zhǎng)，很多做法還需要規(guī)范，極少數(shù)人在海外的所作所為的確給我們帶來(lái)了很多負(fù)面影響。我想對(duì)同胞們說(shuō)，中國(guó)外交決不僅僅是中國(guó)外交部的外交，中國(guó)形象決不僅僅是中國(guó)外交部的形象，每一個(gè)在海外打交道的人都是中國(guó)外交的一部分，都是中國(guó)國(guó)際形象的一部分。在外國(guó)人眼中，“你，就是中國(guó)?！蓖瑫r(shí)，我還要強(qiáng)調(diào)，一些我們?cè)趪?guó)內(nèi)習(xí)以為常的消費(fèi)習(xí)慣，在境外既會(huì)被當(dāng)作素質(zhì)不高看待，也很容易使我們成為犯罪分子下手的目標(biāo)，比如中國(guó)人很土豪，大把花錢，到奢侈品店大肆購(gòu)物，在外面穿金戴銀，不加掩飾，尤其是一些同胞在國(guó)外照相的時(shí)候隨意把行李或貴重物品放在一邊，想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為國(guó)外很安全，可照完相一看東西沒(méi)有了。在歐洲尚且如此，更不要說(shuō)在其他那些發(fā)展相對(duì)滯后、法制不健全的國(guó)家了。

領(lǐng)事保護(hù)工作離不開(kāi)新聞媒體的支持。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，我們將領(lǐng)事保護(hù)分為應(yīng)急處置和預(yù)防性領(lǐng)事保護(hù)，我們認(rèn)為，再好的領(lǐng)事保護(hù)也不如事情不要發(fā)生，所以我們非常重視預(yù)防性領(lǐng)事保護(hù)宣傳工作，新聞媒體的作用不言而喻。但是，領(lǐng)事保護(hù)危機(jī)處置工作是非常特殊的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域，媒體的宣傳一定要講究技巧，所以也希望一直支持我們的媒體朋友能夠充分理解我們工作的特殊性，能夠繼續(xù)協(xié)助我們更好地進(jìn)行預(yù)防性領(lǐng)事保護(hù)宣傳工作。

“Seeking Security before Pursuing Development”—The Dialogue with Zhai Leiming， deputy director general of the Department of Consular Affairs of the People's Republic of China and director of the Center for Consular Protection

□ Written by Zeng Rui

Personage introduction:Zhai Leiming， deputy director general of the Department of Consular Affairs of the People's Republic of China and director of the Center for Consular Protection

With the deepening of China's reform and opening up， more and more Chinese citizens and enterprises “go out”， and thus their overseas security is also drawing more attention of the society from all walks of life than ever before. In April this year， the Chinese government deployed naval ships for emergency evacuation of Chinese citizens in Yemen； the Chinese government took powerful “China Action” to offer assistance in Nepal earthquake and made great contribution in recent event of lost MH370 f ight， all of which make it continue to become the focus of attention the problems of Chinese citizens' overseas risk and consular protection safety. Recently， Zhai Leiming， deputy director general of the department of consular affairs of the People's Republic of China and director of the center of consular protection has made a special trip to guide foreign affairs system for launching foreign consular protection in Chongqing. Therefore，we give an exclusive interview to Zhai Leiming especially for such topics as overseas security risks of Chinese citizens and enterprises and consular protection.

Reporter: Director Zhai， welcome to come to the mountain city of Chongqing in summer. Now， more and more Chinese citizens and enterprises to go abroad and their overseas security is also getting more attention of the society from all walks of life than ever before since the Chinese government attaches great importance to the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese citizens and enterprises in the overseas. Could you tell me what's working mechanisms our country government has built currently？ Which consular services can Chinese citizens and enterprises in overseas get？ What do you think of the present situation of Chinese citizens and enterprises' overseas security as a decision maker and executive director of overseas safety emergencies for Chinese citizens and companies dealt by our country's foreign ministry？

Zhai Leiming: Thanks for your question. For everyone，including myself， consular protection is a new thing. Consular protection is to serve each individual citizen. In the past，because few of citizens went abroad and very few chances of emergency cases existed， there was almost no need to give some consular protection. Consular protection is a new f eld of China's diplomacy as well as one of the highlights of China's diplomacy， for it involves every Chinese who go abroad. In the process of “going out”， especially in recent ten years， Chinese citizens suffer a lot of things in overseas. According to the reports， the leader's care and public attention from people push the consular protection work to an unprecedented height.

In 2004， 11 Chinese workers were killed in Afghanistan，which shocked the whole nation. It was an event of terrorist attack against overseas Chinese citizens with most death tolls we have met so far， giving rise to high attention to the overseas security of Chinese citizens and enterprises paid by the state leaders and all walks of life. Subsequently， led by the ministry of foreign affairs， a Joint Inter-ministerial Conference Mechanism for protecting the security of overseas Chinesecitizens and institutions has been established； since 2004 since the establishment of the Joint Inter-ministerial Conference Mechanism， China has basically established central and local overseas embassies and consulates， a “five-in-one” linkage mechanism of overseas safety protection for enterprises and individuals through continuous exploration and practice， and also implemented the regular overseas risk assessment system，thus making dramatic breakthroughs in the safety protection for overseas Chinese citizens and institutions. Regardless of Libyan evacuation of overseas Chinese in 2011 or Yemen evacuation and rescue in Nepal earthquake this year， the mechanism always f rst starts， actively to help those in trouble abroad by means of gathering comprehensive power in all aspects. In April this year， the Chinese government dispatched naval ships to evacuate Chinese citizens and some foreign nationals in Yemen， which is the f rst time for China to evacuate their compatriots with armed forces in Chinese history. Earlier，when Libyan unrest happened in 2011 and the whole country kept in anarchy， the Chinese government evacuated more than 35800 people from Libya for emergency， leaving wonders in the history of global consular protection.

Anyone who has Chinese nationality in accordance with the Nationality Law of the People's Republic of China shall get consular protection by the Chinese government in overseas. That is to say， all the Chinese citizens can be offered consular protection from Chinese embassies and consulates，whether these people are overseas Chinese settling abroad，or temporary traveler to go abroad or inhabitants of mainland China or Hong Kong， Macao and Taiwan compatriots. Once the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese citizens and legal persons in the host country are in illegal infringement， Chinese embassies and consulates will state the relevant requirements and urge their host authorities to handle issues fairly， friendly and properly in accordance with the generally accepted principles of international law， the relevant international conventions， bilateral treaties or agreements and relevant laws of China and their host countries. Besides， Consular protection includes help or assistance our overseas embassies and consulates offer to Chinese citizens or legal person such as providing safety information about international travel， assisting to hire lawyers and translators， visiting detained personnel and helping to evacuate dangerous areas， etc.

At present， the situation of Chinese citizens and enterprises at overseas security risk is not so optimistic that it presents the characteristics of “simultaneously rising of volume and rate”. In 2014， the annual number of mainland residents outbound gets breakthrough of a hundred million，reaching117 million， a year-on-year increase of 18.453 million，a new high for 5 years. In addition， there are more than 25000 overseas Chinese enterprises， with total assets abroad of nearly $3 trillion. In 2014， the number of consular protection and assistance cases that China's overseas diplomatic and consular institutions accepted throughout the year continues to rise sharply， up to 59526， including 14340 cases of consular protection and 45186 cases of consular assistance.

Reporter: ln the current time， centered on the national strategy of “One Belt and One Road” and the big channel of Central Europe Railways such as “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe”， all the provinces and cities nationwide are actively deepening opening to the outside world with great vigor and continuously expanding foreign exchanges，which will inevitably bring a large number of personnel exchanges and economic and trade cooperation. Please talk about the great significance of doing consular protection well to promoting the opening to the outside world and boosting the local economic and social development.

Zhai Leiming: We think that to pursue development，seeking security is the f rst priority. The safety of people and institutions in enterprises that “go out” is not only the foundation of further development for those enterprises in overseas， but is the premise of sustainable extension to achieve economies of scale and also our requirements to maintain overseas interests and personnel safety. This is a “l(fā)ivelihood project for overseas people” as well as very large system engineering， dependent heavily on the understanding and support from all departments and all sectors of society， and even more on the concern and commitment to security work from our enterprises which“go abroad”. In spite of overseas risk， some measures taken effectively can mitigate these risks， reduce and avoid the loss as much as possible.

Both “One Belt and One Road” and “Chongqing-Xinjiang-Europe” Railway are involved in central Asia where relevant countries have common faith in Islam. Due to different national conditions， there exist religious issues， unbalanced development， relatively unsound laws and regulations and social public security problems in individual areas from the overall point of view all of which require us to pay attention. The key for us is to understand and make clear of the country we want to go. When go further to know a certain country， we must get some accurate information from authoritative sourcesin a timely manner. It is useful to turn to Chinese consular service network and hotline—12308. The official websites of overseas embassies and consulates can provide security timely authoritative warning with accurateness； if the condition allows， you can also go directly to foreign authoritative website to see related information， so that the various understanding of the situation of the destination country can be attained. In brief， there are four sentences to summarize: one is to take precautions—to get the knowledge about customs， folkways，laws and regulations， safety risk， the social security， and epidemic situation in the destination as much as possible before starting out. The second sentence is to ask about taboos and bans upon arrival in a foreign country—to keep yourself informed of what things are forbidden and what things can be done in the country you are entering； for example， in Arab countries， one can't bring alcohol drinks or liquor and can't bare his body， or it will cause trouble. The third sentence is called “do in Rome as Rome does”—to do things in accordance with the rules in foreign countries regardless of your wealth .The fourth sentence is to do within our capabilities—to know how many things you can be competent to do without reluctance， which is very important not only for our enterprises but also the citizens，this sentence is very important， for it is no use doing things that is impossible to be completed.

Reporter: For many ordinary people， “consular protection” is a relatively new concept. As head of consular protection center of the ministry of foreign affairs， could you tell us the significance of “consular protection” for the common people in the most popular language？ What do you want to say to a growing number of Chinese citizens who “go out”？

Zhai Leiming: Nowadays， no country or nation like China has such a large number of people to go abroad； never before can a country like China go out so quickly； it is the most significant population migration on this planet. In the year of 2014， our outbound people reached 117 million， with pure shopping consumption abroad from mainland residents totaling more than 1 trillion yuan； Chinese labor service personnel in the overseas exceeded 7 million people and staffs who study abroad are up to more than 1.7 million people， including nearly 500000 students alone in 2014. With so many people go abroad to study，to make a living and to strive， an overseas Chinese， as we say，has been formed and in rapid development， which def nitely bring the surge in both cases and demand of consular protection.

If I had to summarize the meaning of consular protection in the most popular words that is “where compatriots are，where our protection is”. Our fellow citizens， please remember hotline number: 12308. 12308 is the harmonics of 123 consular protection， which is very easy to remember. If our citizens and legal persons abroad feel security threatened， or our legitimate rights and interests are violated， you can contact our embassies and consulates or dial the hotline—12308 in the emergency call center of consular protection of the People's Republic of China， to ask for help. The hotline has offered a lot of helps for our compatriots all over the world on its the opening from the beginning； for example， a female overseas student's life was saved on the opening day. As a diplomat， maybe we have to pay more attention to Chinese citizens and enterprises' safety in the overseas than any other professional people. So we hope that every fellow who “go out” can have the basic knowledge of overseas security and consular protection， and be sure to remember the number 12308.

Reporter: You have emphasized that when enterprises “go out”， they must pay special attention to the consciousness of “actively building overseas security of development”. Which aspects do you think the consciousness should be mainly ref ected in the process of “going out” for Chinese enterprises？ And what advice do you have for a growing number of Chinese enterprises'“going out”？

Zhai Leiming: Personally， I think this is a problem，because the awareness of “actively building overseas security of development” that we have been calling for is also the important content for Chinese enterprises in overseas to guard against security risks at the same time. In particular way， we suggest that: the first thing to do is the safety assessment in which safety must be put in the first place by closely tracing the local security situation， preparing for the warning， and keeping in touch with the local embassy or consulate. In terms of negotiating project contract， security issues must be put forward to partners and the best way is to entrust security responsibility to the local government and local partners； at the same time， it requires the owner to take responsibility for solving the problems of a work visa and the labor contract. On the one hand， our demand of domestic labor employment is quite large； on the other hand， the huge “going out” f ow of labor force may bother the local government and the local people as they perhaps think we go out seemingly just for earning money andcompeting with them， and therefore we hope in the future that those enterprises especially engaging in engineering contract must be sure to make the labor contract clear with cooperators. Second， perfecting the security system of enterprises and clarifying the relationship of safety responsibility between domestic headquarters and international divisions. For outbound projects， rules and regulations and pre-arranged planning of emergency disposal shall be formulated as soon as possible to ensure the jurisdiction of clear responsibilities，and our contractors involved shall also take responsibility for their own actions. The dozen of tasks of overseas emergency evacuation distinguishes the team with rules from those without rules； it will be very diff cult to evacuate for a temporary team with no training or rules. Third， increasing security investment，we should be generous with money spent on security by putting the security input into cost. Fourth， adhering to management abide by the law. Fifth， strengthening the discipline of employees； we must make clear of what we can do and what we cannot after all we are in others' territorial dominance. Sixth，we should uphold the coexistence of economic and social benefits. Seventh， we should actively integrate into the local society， improve the management level of localization and also pay attention to the feedback of local society. Eighth， we should be endeavoring to conduct public diplomacy and to introduce ourselves much more， the positive side to others.

Here， I especially want to emphasize two points: one is that big economic interests should be one ticket veto to refuse in face of the overseas security risks. The other is that we keep the law in the management and never do anything that are forbidden or nor dare to do in the domestic even though going abroad.

Reporter: As you mentioned in a speech， the responsibility of the consular protection is to protect the limited legal right that need to be paid， but how can we understand the concept correctly such as “l(fā)egal right”，“l(fā)imited”， “need to be paid”？

Zhai Leiming: That's a good question. Consular protection isn't omnipotent， just like that we can recommend you a lawyer，but you should not take it for granted that the lawyer can help you win a lawsuit. We can recommend you a translator， but he may not meet your requirements. Consular protection need to be paid， any one of the protection will take tangible or intangible resources. Consular protection takes national diplomatic resources， bilateral relations， even the relationship built by several generations of diplomats with several years' effort. All these resources belong to the country and all Chinese people but not any one of the nation. Therefore， sometimes it takes great efforts for us to accomplish a perfect consular protection. Of course， if influenced by force majeure， such as natural disaster， earthquake， tsunami and disease， the government will be indispensable to make its best endeavors to ensure the safety of the overseas citizens. It is a correct outlook on consular protection that citizens should try their best to avoid cases caused by personal reasons.

Reporter: You always call on the countrymen to notice the civilized quality and outward image， why do you have such a profoundly feeling？ From the public media perspective， besides blindly “exposure”， which aspects can lead us to right direction？

Zhai Leiming: It is not a long time since we going out，many behavior need to be regulated； only a few people abroad bring about negative effect. What I want to say to our fellow citizens is that Chinese diplomacy is not only the Chinese foreign ministry's diplomacy， while the image of China is not only the Chinese foreign ministry's image. Anyone dealing with others is part of Chinese diplomacy and image of China. In their eyes， “you represent China.” Meanwhile， I want to warn that some of the actions which are universal at home can be treated as uncivilized at abroad. Besides， you may be easily to be the target of the criminals. For example， Chinese people are rich， they spend money like water and always have a shopping spree. They wear gold and silver jewelry without covering up while going out. Especially for those people who leave their luggage and valuables aside while taking photos， they take it for granted that it's safe， but nothing left at last. Since all these happened in Europe， let alone other backward-developed countries without perfect legal system.

Consular protection cannot live without the media. Generally speaking， consular protection includes emergency disposal and preventive consular protection. We always stick to the point that best consular protection isn't as good as nothing happened， so we pay much attention to the publicity of preventive consular protection. The effect is self-evident. However， consular emergency disposal is a special field，great skills are needed for media publicity， thus， we sincerely hope the media fellows that support us as always can fully understand the particularity of our work， and go on helping us to have a better publicity of the preventive consular protection.