給老土房一顆年輕的心
——平田村爺爺家青年旅社改造設(shè)計(jì)

何崴，張昕/HE Wei，ZHANG Xin

給老土房一顆年輕的心
——平田村爺爺家青年旅社改造設(shè)計(jì)

A New Inside for an Old Keekwilee-House: Renovation of Papa's Hostel in Pingtian Village

何崴，張昕/HE Wei，ZHANG Xin

1 從村落看爺爺家青旅/Papa's hostel in the village

項(xiàng)目位于浙江省麗水市松陽(yáng)縣四都鄉(xiāng)平田村。原建筑是一座普通夯土民居，共2層，土木結(jié)構(gòu)，共約270m2。因?yàn)樵?jīng)是業(yè)主江斌龍爺爺?shù)淖∷?，所以大家稱之為：爺爺家。設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)是對(duì)這個(gè)普通民宅進(jìn)行改造，賦予它新的使用功能和空間，將之激活。經(jīng)過(guò)與業(yè)主、地方政府的商討，我們決定賦予爺爺家一顆年輕的心臟，將之改造成一個(gè)符合國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的青年旅社。

為了保持村莊的整體風(fēng)貌，爺爺家的外部形態(tài)被完整地保留下來(lái)，幾乎未變，只在二層朝向良好景觀的一面開設(shè)了一個(gè)長(zhǎng)窗，將陽(yáng)光、空氣和美好的景色引入室內(nèi)。

與謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)待外部形態(tài)不同，設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)于室內(nèi)進(jìn)行較為大膽的改變：一樓，原有建筑室內(nèi)的隔板被拆除，將建筑從原來(lái)的分隔狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)通透的大空間。這里將成為青年人交流、休閑的場(chǎng)所，同時(shí)也可以為村莊中的村民或者游客提供歇腳的公共空間。

二樓，為了保留原空間的“大空間”特質(zhì)，常規(guī)由固定墻體分隔的模式被否定了；一組“房中房”的空間元素被植入原有土房子中。它們由輕質(zhì)材料建構(gòu)、可拆卸、可移動(dòng)，半透明，以一種輕輕的態(tài)度“放入”原有建筑相對(duì)厚重的內(nèi)部空間。房中房的實(shí)際功能是青旅的居住單元，每個(gè)居住單元可容納4～6人。設(shè)計(jì)特意采用了半透明的陽(yáng)光板材料作為界面，它可以營(yíng)造一種柔和的、模糊性的效果，與建筑原有的剛性生土材料形成對(duì)比。

為了營(yíng)造更具戲劇性的效果，房中房的表皮上開了一系列大小不一的洞口。這些洞口一方面使相對(duì)單一的界面變得活躍起來(lái)，另一方面為界面內(nèi)外的使用者提供了相互“窺視”的可能性。此外，房中房還是可以“行走”的建筑，構(gòu)筑物底板下安裝有一組萬(wàn)向輪，年輕人完全可以根據(jù)自己的需要，自己推動(dòng)建筑，完成空間的再造。

光是設(shè)計(jì)中另一個(gè)重要元素。照明的邏輯源自于“房中房”的空間邏輯，視線邏輯則遵循照明的邏輯：白天的光由外向內(nèi)，通過(guò)屋頂?shù)拿魍吆痛髠?cè)窗將天然光引入陽(yáng)光板房，居住者的視線則由內(nèi)向外，穿過(guò)層層洞口遠(yuǎn)望群山和村落；夜晚的光由內(nèi)向外，3000K暖光通過(guò)半透明材料的反射、折射照亮整個(gè)房間，并向村莊溢散，居住者的視線則由外向內(nèi)，最終聚焦于陽(yáng)光板房?jī)?nèi)部極具現(xiàn)代感的燈光構(gòu)圖。

2 平面/Plans3 一樓公共區(qū)域/Public space on floor 0

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: 江斌龍（平田村農(nóng)民）/JIANG Binlong （a local villager from Pingtian village）

項(xiàng)目地點(diǎn)/Location: 浙江省麗水市松陽(yáng)縣四都鄉(xiāng)平田村/ Pingtian Village，Sidu Township，Songyang County，Lishui City，Zhejiang Province

主持建筑師/Principal Architect: 何崴/HE Wei

建筑設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Architectural Design Team: 陳龍，李強(qiáng)，陳煌杰，卓俊榕/CHEN Long，LI Qiang，CHEN Huangjie，ZHUO Junrong

照明設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Lighting design team: 張昕，韓曉偉，周軒宇/ZHANG Xin，HAN Xiaowei，ZHOU Xuanyu

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2014-2015

建造時(shí)間/Construction Period: 2015

建筑面積/Floor Area: 270m2

攝影/Photos: 何崴/HE Wei，陳龍/CHEN Long，江斌龍/ JIANG Binlong （fig.12，14）

4 爺爺家二層室內(nèi)原貌/Original state of Papa's hostel （floor 1） before renovation

柔和的LED線形光源（暖白和彩色）安置在房中房的木構(gòu)架上，并排布為自由的構(gòu)成線條，富于藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)力的構(gòu)圖以及可直視的光源和青旅居住者“年輕”的特點(diǎn)相符合。燈與陽(yáng)光板的位置關(guān)系基于足尺模型實(shí)驗(yàn)，遵循“光的方向與陽(yáng)光板空腔的走向垂直”，被照亮的陽(yáng)光板肋形成“光柵”疊加在原有的視覺關(guān)系之上，賦予居住空間一種全新的半透明視覺體驗(yàn)。在大多數(shù)時(shí)間內(nèi)，天然光、暖白燈光，變化多端的光影效果給人溫馨、朦朧和迷幻的感覺；但若在特定時(shí)段開啟一支彩色燈管，又會(huì)將空間營(yíng)造成一個(gè)富于激情的場(chǎng)所。

The project is located in Pingtian village，Sidu Township，Songyang County，Lishui city，Zhejiang Province. The original building was an ordinary rammed earth dwelling with two floors in civil structure，covering a total of 270 square meters. People generally call the place "Papa's Home" since it belonged to the owner，the elderly Jiang Binlong. The goal of design is to renovate it into a place with new functions and spaces. We decided to put papa’s home with a young face - transforming it into a youth hostel with international standard after discussions with the owners and the local government.

To keep the overall style and features of the village，the exterior of papa's home has been retained completely，almost unchanged. Only a window with a nice view is newly designed and installed on the second floor，where the sunshine，the air and beautiful scenery can be seen within the house.

Bold changes are adapted to the interior of the house，different from the prudent attitude to the exterior: the first floor，the clapboards in the original construction，dividing space from one to many，have been demolished，which turns space back into a whole. It will be a common place for youngsters to social and play. Meanwhile，tourists and villagers also could have a rest here.

As for the second floor of the construction，we intend to keep the original characteristics of the spacious room，so the conventional method that using the fixed wall to divide the space is denied；several space elements with the concept of "rooms within rooms" are implanted into the original house. They are made up of lightweight materials，which are dismountable，portable and translucent. The "rooms within rooms" are installed，which are gentle and light weighted compared to the original construction. The actual function of “rooms within rooms" is the living units of Papa's Hostel；each unit can accommodate 4-6 people. The semihollow sheets as dividing walls are specially used to create a soft and blurred effect that highlights the construction character comparing to the originalhard materials.

5 二層內(nèi)景/Interior view of floor 1

6 透與半透/Transparency and translucency7 新舊材料的對(duì)比/Contrast between new and old material8 二層，彩色光改變空間氛圍/The spatial atmosphere can be changed by colorized light，floor 19 縱剖面/Longitudinal section10 二層橫剖面草圖/Cross section sketch，　floor 1

Different sizes of the holes are designed on the surface of the "rooms within rooms" to make a dramatic effect. These openings make the relatively single interface more active and provide the possibilities for people to "peek" each other. The "rooms within rooms" is the rooms that can "walk".There is a set of universal wheels under the structure plate，young people can move the mobile structures and reconstruct space.

Light is another important element in the design. Logic of lighting is derived from the space logic of "rooms within rooms"，the logic sight line follows the logic of lighting: Transparent tiles on the roof and large side windows will let the natural light flow into the hollow sheet rooms during the day，from outside to inside，while habitant's sight will look out the mountains and villages through the cave entrances，form inside to outside； 3000k warm light illuminate the whole room through the translucent material reflection and refraction during the night，and overflow to the village，form inside to the outside，while the sight of habitant will finally focused on extremely contemporary light composition in the internal hollow sheet rooms，from outside to the inside.

Soft LED line light sources （Warm white and color） are placed in the wooden framework of the "rooms within rooms"，showing as natural lines，full of artistic expression in composition and light source can be look directly are correspond with the characteristics "young" of the youth hostel. The position relationship between light and hollow sheet based on full scale model experiment，which has followed "the direction of the light is perpendicular to the hollow sheet cavity "，illuminated hollow sheet rib forming the "grating"，which superimposed on the original visual relationship，giving a brand-new translucent visual experience of living space. Mostly the natural light and warm white light are reflected and refracted by the semi-transparent materials to light up the whole space. Changing shadows offer people a sweet，vague and illusive feeling. But in the certain period of time，colorful lights will be turned on，creating the space into a vibrant place.

13.14 “房中房”內(nèi)景/Interior views of "rooms within rooms"

何崴，中央美術(shù)學(xué)院建筑學(xué)院

張昕，清華大學(xué)建筑學(xué)院

2015-09-14