多摩平之森互助之家，日野，東京，日本

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：+ NEW OFFICE

多摩平之森互助之家，日野，東京，日本

Yuimarl Tamadaira No Mori，Hino，Tokyo，Japan，2011

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：+ NEW OFFICE

1 外景/Exterior views

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

主持建筑師/Principal Architects: 瀨戶健似，近藤創(chuàng)順/ Kenji Seto，Sojun Kondo

結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)/Structural Design: 我伊野構(gòu)造設(shè)計(jì)室/G.DeSIGN暖通和機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)/HAVC & Mechanical Design: ymo

電氣設(shè)計(jì)/Electrical Design: EOS plus

景觀設(shè)計(jì)/Landscape Design: on site規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所/ studio on site

場(chǎng)地面積/Site Area: 一號(hào)館/Building No.1: 1976.76m2，二號(hào)館/Building No.2: 2648.56m2

基底面積/Building Area: 一號(hào)館/Building No.1: 715.02m2，二號(hào)館/Building No.2: 684.26m2

在新時(shí)期培養(yǎng)學(xué)生核心素養(yǎng)是多個(gè)方面因素綜合作用的結(jié)果，尤其是在素質(zhì)教育全面深入的背景下，更是受到高度重視，在實(shí)踐分析之后我對(duì)其現(xiàn)狀作如下分析：

建筑面積/Floor Area: 一號(hào)館/Building No.1: 1808.14m2，二號(hào)館/Building No.2: 1821.50m2

建筑密度/Building Density: 一號(hào)館/Building No.1: 36.17%（上限/Upper Limit: 60%），二號(hào)館/Building No.2: 25.83%（上限/ Upper Limit: 60%）

容積率/Floor Area Ratio: 一號(hào)館/Building No.1: 0.81（上限/Upper Limit: 1.5），二號(hào)館/Building No.2: 0.59（上限/ Upper Limit: 0.6）

層數(shù)/Floor Number: 4

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2010.04-2010.12

建造時(shí)間/Construction Period: 2011.01-2011.09

攝影/Photos: Studio Bauhaus

這一項(xiàng)目由民企對(duì)UR都市機(jī)構(gòu)在1950年代建造的公營(yíng)住宅進(jìn)行改造而來。項(xiàng)目中，5棟原有的空置住宅樓被劃分為3個(gè)片區(qū)，分別由3家民企承租15-20年，并按照各自的方案進(jìn)行改造?！岸嗄ζ街ブ摇笔瞧渲兄?，以“創(chuàng)造直到人生的最后也能活出自我的社區(qū)”為主題，將其中的兩棟住宅改建成了老年公寓。

這一住區(qū)長(zhǎng)達(dá)50年的歷史孕育了綠意盎然、如同公園一般的室外空間，設(shè)計(jì)利用這一點(diǎn)，在室外各處為居住者的生活準(zhǔn)備了熱鬧但又祥和的聚集場(chǎng)所。在公營(yíng)住宅特有的東西向建筑體量中，設(shè)計(jì)又加入了南北向的小規(guī)模多功能護(hù)理設(shè)施和公共集會(huì)樓兩棟建筑，在聯(lián)系起兩側(cè)住宅的同時(shí)，也給予了老住宅區(qū)新的風(fēng)貌。尤其是集會(huì)樓，由于面向內(nèi)部廣場(chǎng)的立面完全采用了玻璃幕墻，人們?cè)诮ㄖ庖材芸吹絻?nèi)部的活動(dòng)，使這里成為面向社區(qū)開放的場(chǎng)所。

任何人都可以進(jìn)入基地，集會(huì)樓里的圖書角和食堂能為附近居民休息所用，環(huán)繞基地的小道也是周邊幼兒園小朋友們的散步路線，居住者們因此能自然地與周邊的居民產(chǎn)生交流。

在建筑的內(nèi)部，在拆除原來的樓梯后，通過增設(shè)電梯和公共走廊實(shí)現(xiàn)了豎向交通的無障礙化，也讓改造前建筑北側(cè)沉悶的空間成為居住者的交通空間和進(jìn)行日常交流的場(chǎng)所。此外，建筑原來的鋼混結(jié)構(gòu)框架得到了保留，對(duì)其他部分則進(jìn)行了屋頂防水、外墻涂裝、窗框拆換、管道設(shè)備更新等各項(xiàng)修繕。原本住宅的戶型是50年前按照供夫婦與兒童使用的需求設(shè)計(jì)的，項(xiàng)目將其按能夠?yàn)?個(gè)或2個(gè)當(dāng)代的老年人提供舒適生活的要求進(jìn)行了改造。具體而言，戶型中不必要的隔墻被拆除，使之形成寬敞的一室戶，門扇全部換成了推拉門，廚衛(wèi)空間則確保能讓輪椅順利進(jìn)出。此外，室內(nèi)還裝設(shè)了緊急報(bào)警設(shè)備以形成24小時(shí)覆蓋的看護(hù)體系。

設(shè)施附近的街區(qū)還居住著大學(xué)生、留學(xué)生、年輕家庭等人群，使這兒成為了跨越年齡層的新社區(qū)；也使擁有50年歷史、綠樹成蔭、建筑品質(zhì)優(yōu)良的公營(yíng)住宅空間以社區(qū)中心的形式獲得了新生。 （司馬蕾 譯）

2 外景/Exterior views

3 住宅樓夜景/Nignt view，apartment building4 概念演進(jìn)/Concept development

5 公共集會(huì)樓夜景/Nignt view，assembly hall6 剖面/Section

This project originates from the private corporations' renovation of the former public housing community built by the UR Renaissance Agency in the 1950s. Five existing vacant apartment buildings were divided into three zones，each rented by a private corporation for 15-20 years and renovated according to their own proposals. One of the three projects is "Yuima-ru Tamadairanomori"，which，following its theme of "creating a community for people to live out their own lives until the end"，has refurbished two of the original buildings into senior apartments.

The 50-year history of this residential area nurtured verdant，park-like outdoor space. The natural beauty was used to provide an abundance of welcoming yet peaceful gathering spaces for the residents. The area originally featured residential buildings in east-west directions； the new plan added two north-south buildings - a small multi-functional care facility and an assembly hall，which bring new charm to the old community while connecting to the existing buildings. In particular，the courtyardfacing glass curtain wall of the assembly hall enables people to see the interior activities from outside，thus making it a place open to the community.

Everyone is welcomed to enter the site. Neighbor residents may use the library and canteen in the assembly hall.Children from nearby kindergarten stroll along the paths around the site. All this allows for communication between community residents and their neighbors.

Inside the building，existing stairs are demolished and elevators as well as public corridors are added to create a barrier-free circulation system. Meanwhile，previously unattractive spaces to the north of the buildings are renovated into circulation and daily communication spaces for the residents. Besides，the original reinforced concrete structure is maintained，while repair works such as roof waterproofing，external wall painting，sash replacement and pipe-line equipment renewal are carried out. The original apartments were designed for nuclear families 50 years ago； in the renovation project，they are modified to suit the need of one or two seniors to have a comfortable domestic life. Particularly，unnecessary partitions are removed to enlarge the bedroom，all the doors are replaced with sliding doors，while kitchen and toilet space are made sufficient for the wheelchair to pass through. In addition，the rooms are equipped with emergency alarm system to ensure 24-hour safety guard.

As there are also college students，foreign students as well as young families living in other blocks nearby，this area has now become a multigeneration community. The former space of public housing，with its 50 years of history，rich greenery and fine-quality architecture，has now gained a new life as the core of the community.

7 公共集會(huì)樓外景/Exterior view，assembly hall8 兩棟住宅樓之間外景/Exterior view，between two apartment buildings9 首層平面/Floor 0 plan

10 公共集會(huì)樓閱覽區(qū)內(nèi)景/Interior view，library in the assembly hall

評(píng)論

周燕珉：日本從二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后至1990年代末，建設(shè)了大批量的公營(yíng)住宅。然而隨著時(shí)間的推移，許多早期建設(shè)的住宅在硬件條件上已經(jīng)不能滿足居住要求，但仍具有區(qū)位優(yōu)越、環(huán)境適宜等優(yōu)勢(shì)。如何能再度挖掘這些住宅的價(jià)值？這個(gè)案例為我們提供了很好的思路。通過對(duì)既有建筑樓電梯間的改造、戶型大小和室內(nèi)分隔的調(diào)整，使其變?yōu)檫m老化住宅，同時(shí)還利用底層空間增建了社區(qū)小規(guī)模多功能設(shè)施，為周邊的老人提供養(yǎng)老服務(wù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了舊社區(qū)的復(fù)興。當(dāng)前，中國(guó)的保障房及商品住宅在建設(shè)中應(yīng)汲取這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)，預(yù)先考慮到樓棟及套型空間及功能調(diào)整等需求，從而使住宅能夠可持續(xù)地發(fā)揮價(jià)值。

龔愷：不像國(guó)內(nèi)近期流行老年地產(chǎn)開發(fā)，將舊建筑（當(dāng)然大多原來就是住宅）改造利用為老年公寓是國(guó)際通用的一種方式。我發(fā)現(xiàn)此案例在每戶面積相同的情況下，精心設(shè)計(jì)了3種戶型的布置，這樣也能滿足不同老人的需求。但是在北面增加走道和樓梯間的做法不敢茍同，雖然可以大大方便老人使用輪椅等設(shè)備的活動(dòng)，卻為此付出了不小的面積增加，而且，廊道雖已與建筑脫開，對(duì)北側(cè)的房間或多或少還是會(huì)有一定的干擾，鄰里間的交流也很難在這里產(chǎn)生。

Comments

ZHOU Yanmin: From the end of the WWII until the 1990s，a great number of public housing projects were carried out in Japan. However，as time goes by，many of these early houses no longer fulfill current living requirements in terms of hardware conditions，though they still have some advantages such as excellent locations and favorable environments.This project offers us great ideas on how to re-explore the values of these houses. Through renovation of staircases and elevators，as well as adjustment of housing scales and interior partitions，existing buildings have been transformed into elderly-adaptable houses. Meanwhile，ground level spaces are utilized to add small-scale，multifunctional community facilities，providing nursing services for elderly people living nearby. Hence the old community is fully revived. These experiences should be incorporated into China’s affordable housing and commodity housing development，in which demands in building type，household space and function adjustment should be preconceived so that these houses may realize their values in a sustainable way.

GONG Kai: Unlike elderly-based land development recently prevalent in China，it is an internationally adopted approach to renovate and re-use old buildings （mostly former houses，of course） as senior apartments. In this case，I find that with the same floor area per house unit，three house types are carefully devised to suit various needs of the elderly people. However，I am not quite sympathetic to the additional corridors and staircases on the north side； though such treatment may greatly ease the activities of those who need wheelchairs or other facilities，it unavoidably consumes additional floor area. Besides，though the corridor has been detached from the building itself，it more or less brings some disturbance to rooms on the north side，and makes it difficult for neighbors to communicate in this area.

11 住宅改建方案/Apartment renovation plan12 老人多功能護(hù)理設(shè)施內(nèi)景/Interior view，multi-functional care facility for the elderly