“三字六步法”在高三英語作文教學(xué)中的應(yīng)用

譚曉英

【摘要】根據(jù)高考作文評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和專家的建議，結(jié)合高三英語作文教學(xué)的現(xiàn)狀和筆者的教學(xué)實(shí)踐，提出并實(shí)踐了“三字六步法”作文教學(xué)法來進(jìn)行高三作文的復(fù)習(xí)訓(xùn)練，強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)生自己積極主動地構(gòu)建英語寫作能力，提升自己遣詞造句和語篇組織的能力，為今后的持續(xù)性學(xué)習(xí)和終身發(fā)展打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。

【關(guān)鍵詞】高三英語 作文教學(xué) 三字六步法

到了高三很多學(xué)生普遍存在三方面問題，一是詞匯匱乏，用詞不當(dāng)，搭配不當(dāng)；二是句型誤用，語法不通，漢語式英語現(xiàn)象普遍；三是段落、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)松散、紊亂，言之無物，主題不明；語篇布局及銜接能力差，信息不全。根據(jù)高三學(xué)生時(shí)間緊、基礎(chǔ)弱的情況下提高效率，因此，在具體的高三作文復(fù)習(xí)訓(xùn)練的教學(xué)過程中進(jìn)行“三字六步法”的作文訓(xùn)練法。

一、三字六步法方法介紹

三字指的是：抓、擴(kuò)、連。

六步指的是：抓思路、抓要點(diǎn)、擴(kuò)詞成句、擴(kuò)單句為復(fù)句、連句成段、連段成篇

抓：抓思路——題中抓思路，確定文體，人稱，時(shí)態(tài)，主題和分段等謀篇布局。

抓要點(diǎn)——題中抓要點(diǎn)，聯(lián)想該要點(diǎn)的合成詞、同義詞、近義詞、反義詞、短語表達(dá)法。

擴(kuò)：擴(kuò)詞成句——選用要點(diǎn)的高級復(fù)雜靈活的表達(dá)法按句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)擴(kuò)成簡單句。

擴(kuò)單句為復(fù)句——通過并法、加法、變法把簡單句擴(kuò)成并列句、復(fù)合句、倒裝句等。

并法就是使用并列連詞將簡單句擴(kuò)成并列句；

加法就是加入表示原因、目的、結(jié)果、讓步等狀語從句以及定語短語從句；

變法就是變成強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、被動句、感嘆句、名詞性從句、非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)等。

連 連句成段，然后連段成篇。

二、三字六步法方法應(yīng)用

下面將以一篇作文為范例進(jìn)行“三字六步法”的實(shí)踐運(yùn)用：要求你（李華）給筆友Henry寫一封回信，說明你高考結(jié)束后的暑假安排，并簡述理由。要點(diǎn)如下：休息；讀書；陪伴父母；參加社會活動。

注意：

1.詞數(shù)100左右，信的開頭和結(jié)尾已為你寫好（不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)）

2.可根據(jù)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，使行文連貫；

3.參考詞匯：

高考-college entrance examination

社會活動- social activities

書信的首尾已經(jīng)給出：

Dear Henry，

Im glad to receive your letter.Its a pleasure for me to write to you about my plan for the coming summer vacation after the college entrance examination.

Best wishes！

Yours，

Li Hua

1.抓思路。

本篇作文是什么文體（體裁）——書信

人稱是什么——第一人稱

時(shí)態(tài)是什么——一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)

主題是什么——My summer plan after the college entrance examination

分幾段完成——三段 （opening，body and closing）

第一段寫什么——主題 （topic）

第二段寫什么——要點(diǎn) （points）

第三段寫什么——祝福 （conclusion and wishes）

2.抓要點(diǎn)。

本篇作文要點(diǎn)：計(jì)劃；休息；讀書；陪伴父母；參加社會活動。

計(jì)劃——plan to / intend to / be willing to / want to / would like to do

休息——have a rest / relax oneself / get relaxed/ get some relaxation/ free oneself from hard work

讀書——read some books / do some reading

陪伴父母——keep my parents company / stay with my parents / spend time with my parents

參加社會活動——take part in / join in / participate in social activities

3.擴(kuò)。

（1）擴(kuò)詞成句——把要點(diǎn)按句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)擴(kuò)簡單句句子。同時(shí)選用相關(guān)的合成詞、同義詞、近

義詞、反義詞、短語。

1）我計(jì)劃要休息。I intend to get relaxed.

2）我打算要讀書。I would like to read some books.

3）我想要陪伴父母。I plan to keep my parents company.

4）我打算參加社會活動。I want to participate in social activities.

（2）擴(kuò)單句為復(fù)句。通過使用并法、加法、變法擴(kuò)單句為復(fù)句，同時(shí)完成題目要求闡述理由。

1）原因狀語從句 I want to have a rest because I have worked so hard for so many years.

定語從句：The reason why I want to have a rest is that I have worked so hard for many years.

強(qiáng)調(diào)句：It is because I have worked so hard for so many years that I want to have a rest.

倒裝句：So hard have I worked for many years that I want to have a rest.

伴隨狀語：I want to have a rest，playing computer games，watching TV，travelling and so on.

2）定語從句：I would like to read some books that I really feel interested in/ that I couldnt spare time to read before.

目的狀語：I would like to do some reading in order to enlarge/increase/enrich my knowledge and broaden my horizons.

一句多譯：I would enjoy myself by reading some books in order to enlarge my knowledge and broaden my horizons.

3）伴隨狀語：I plan to keep my parents company，chatting with them and helping them with some housework as I love them deeply.

一句多譯：My parents have done so much for me so I intend to spend some time helping them with some housework such as washing，cleaning or cooking.

4）目的狀語從句：I want to participate in social activities so that I can get more experience and learn more about the outside world.

一句多譯：Im also willing to participate in some social activities so that I can improve my understanding of the outside world.

4.連。

運(yùn)用連接詞、過渡語連句成段、連段成篇。

Dear Henry，

Im glad to receive your letter.Its a pleasure for me to write to you about my plan for the coming summer vacation after the college entrance examination.

First of all，I want to get relaxed as I have worked so hard for so many years.At the same time，I would enjoy myself by reading some books in order to enlarge my knowledge and broaden my horizons.In addition，my parents have done so much for me so I intend to spend some time helping them with some housework such as washing，cleaning or cooking.If I have the chance，Im also willing to participate in some social activities so that I can improve my understanding of the outside world.

Best wishes！

Yours，

Li Hua

三、結(jié)束語

實(shí)踐證明：在英語教學(xué)中，運(yùn)用“三字六步法”進(jìn)行高三英語作文教學(xué)，是一種行之有效的作文教學(xué)方式，通過這種方式讓學(xué)生對寫作胸有成竹，且拿到一篇作文題后能迅速的展開思緒，且有條有理，不會一談到寫作文便感到發(fā)愁，甚至感到厭惡。

參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1]中華人民共和國教育部制定.英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（實(shí)驗(yàn)稿）.2003.

[2]中學(xué)英語語篇教學(xué)初探.張鐵城著[M].北京教育出版社.

[3]余演林.“頭腦風(fēng)暴”在高中英語作文教學(xué)中的應(yīng)用[J].中小學(xué)外語教學(xué)，2005.