馬軒,耿頔*,易立濤,翁連進(jìn)
(華僑大學(xué)廈門校區(qū) 化工學(xué)院,福建 廈門 361021)
·綜述·
云實(shí)屬植物的化學(xué)成分與生物活性研究進(jìn)展
馬軒1,耿頔1*,易立濤1,翁連進(jìn)1
(華僑大學(xué)廈門校區(qū) 化工學(xué)院,福建 廈門 361021)
查閱國內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),對2005年以來報(bào)道的云實(shí)屬植物的化學(xué)成分及其生物活性進(jìn)行綜述。云實(shí)屬植物中含有萜類、黃酮類、甾體等多種化學(xué)成分,具有抗病毒、抗炎、抗瘧疾、抗腫瘤等生物活性。
云實(shí)屬;二萜化合物;生物活性
云實(shí)屬(CaesalpiniaL.)植物約有120~150個(gè)物種,為一多元屬(polyphyletic)。東南亞是云實(shí)亞科的一個(gè)分布中心,中國云實(shí)屬植物有20個(gè)物種,從熱帶到溫帶地區(qū)均有分布[1]。該屬植物有云實(shí)Caesalpiniadecapetala、苦石蓮CaesalpiniaminaxHance、蘇木CaesalpiniasappanL.入藥,多作為民間用藥,其根、皮、種子入藥可用于治療發(fā)熱、瘧疾、風(fēng)濕病等病癥[2]。吳兆華等[2]對2005年之前報(bào)道的云實(shí)屬化學(xué)成分及藥理作用進(jìn)行綜述,云實(shí)屬植物部分化學(xué)成分表現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的體外生物活性,具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景和較大的研究價(jià)值。本文對2005年以來有關(guān)云實(shí)屬植物化學(xué)成分和生物活性方面的報(bào)道進(jìn)行綜述,概括了近年來云實(shí)屬植物的研究概況,為其深入的研究提供參考。
目前對該屬植物的研究,主要報(bào)道了二萜、黃酮等化學(xué)成分。
1.1 二萜類化合物
從該屬得到140余個(gè)二萜類化合物,主要是cassane二萜和norcassane二萜。在C.pulcherrima、C.crista、C.sappan、C.minax等植物中都有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道[3-31],結(jié)構(gòu)式如圖1所示。
1.2 黃酮類化合物
在C.pulcherrima、C.millettiiHook.、C.digynaRottler等植物中均發(fā)現(xiàn)了黃酮類化合物[32-41],結(jié)構(gòu)式如圖2所示。
1.3 其他
除了二萜類和黃酮類化學(xué)成分,在該屬植物也發(fā)現(xiàn)了其他類型的化合物[28,42-48],結(jié)構(gòu)式如圖3所示。
2.1 抗炎、抗氧化活性
Min等[35]從C.sappanL分離得到化學(xué)成分protosappanin A、3-deoxysappanchalcone,以RAW264.7
圖1 云實(shí)屬植物中的二萜類化合物
圖2 云實(shí)屬植物中的黃酮類化合物
圖3 云實(shí)屬植物中的其他化合物
巨噬細(xì)胞中脂多糖(LPS)誘導(dǎo)的一氧化氮(NO)產(chǎn)量進(jìn)行抗炎活性評價(jià),表現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的抑制效果:IC50值分別為12.5、8.1 μmol·L-1。Yodsaoue Orapun等[27]從C.pulcherrima分離得到pulcherrins K、L、M等也有潛在的抗炎活性。Hu Jun[46]研究了C.sappanL.干燥心材95%乙醇提取液,從中分離得到protosappanin A、B和brazilein,在體外均有較好的抗氧化活性。
2.2 抗腫瘤活性
Caesalpinolide A-E均從熱帶云實(shí)豆中得到。Caesalpinolide A和B是差向異構(gòu)體,抑制MCF-7乳腺癌細(xì)胞系細(xì)胞增殖的半數(shù)抑制濃度(IC50)值分別為12.8、6.1 μmol·L-1,同時(shí)伴有抑制子宮內(nèi)膜癌和宮頸癌細(xì)胞系細(xì)胞增殖的作用。此外,Caesalpinolide D在對抗宮頸癌、前列腺癌和乳腺癌細(xì)胞系細(xì)胞增殖方面也表現(xiàn)出較好的活性[10,13]。
Ma Guoxu等[8]從苦石蓮種子中分離得到Caesalpin A-H,Caesalpin A表現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的抗惡性細(xì)胞增生的活性:對HepG-2細(xì)胞的IC50值為 4.7 μmol·L-1,對MCF-7細(xì)胞的IC50值為2.1 μmol·L-1。
2.3 抗瘧疾活性
Bonducellpins E-G是從熱帶云實(shí)豆(C.bonduc)種子乙酸乙酯溶性部位分離得到的。對耐多藥菌株K1惡性瘧原蟲生長表現(xiàn)出較好的抑制活性,IC50值分別為1.6、5.8、3.8 μmol·L-1[22]。
云實(shí)屬植物具有較好的生物活性,近些年主要的研究方向集中在二萜類化合物上,并且報(bào)道了很多具有較強(qiáng)生物活性的化學(xué)成分。需要繼續(xù)深入進(jìn)行云實(shí)屬植物化學(xué)成分的研究,探討其抗腫瘤、抗氧化、抗炎等方面的生物活性,提高云實(shí)屬植物資源的綜合利用價(jià)值。
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AdvancesinResearchofChemicalConstituentsandBiologicalActivityofCaesalpiniaPlants
MAXuan,GENGDi*,YILitao,WENGLianjin
(CollegeofChemicalEngineering,HuaqiaoUniversity,Xiamen361021,China)
Objective:To summarize the chemical and pharmacological advances of genusCeasalpiana(Caesalpiniaceae) since 2005. Several classes of chemical compounds, such as flavonoids, diterpenoids, and steroids, have been isolated from various species which were reported to show a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antimicrobial activities.
Caesalpinia;diterpenoids;biological activity
2014-09-21)
*
耿頔,博士,講師,研究方向:天然藥物化學(xué);E-mail:gengyiliang_hqu@163.com
10.13313/j.issn.1673-4890.2015.5.022