播期和密度對(duì)鄭麥9023旗葉光合特性、干物質(zhì)積累和產(chǎn)量的影響

鄭寶強(qiáng) 王小燕 孫偉男

摘要：為了讓湖北地區(qū)種植鄭麥9023獲得高產(chǎn)、穩(wěn)產(chǎn)，試驗(yàn)設(shè)置了4個(gè)播期水平和3個(gè)密度水平，研究了播期和密度對(duì)鄭麥9023旗葉光合特性、干物質(zhì)積累和產(chǎn)量及其構(gòu)成因素的影響。結(jié)果表明，早播（10月11日）時(shí)成穗數(shù)減少，產(chǎn)量降低；適播（10月24日）時(shí)，旗葉干重較大，成穗數(shù)最多，產(chǎn)量最高；晚播（11月10日、11月24日）時(shí)，播期越遲，旗葉葉綠素含量由孕穗期到開(kāi)花期上升幅度越大，千粒重增加，但成穗數(shù)急劇越少，產(chǎn)量顯著降低，且加劇了赤霉病和穗發(fā)芽現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。適宜的種植密度因播期而異：早播和適播時(shí)，密度加大，產(chǎn)量增加；晚播時(shí)，密度加大，產(chǎn)量先增加后減少。播期對(duì)產(chǎn)量及其構(gòu)成因素的影響大于密度，適播配以適宜的種植密度是發(fā)揮鄭麥9023高產(chǎn)潛力的基本條件。產(chǎn)量三因素對(duì)鄭麥9023產(chǎn)量效應(yīng)為成穗數(shù)>穗粒數(shù)>千粒重，維持地上部干物質(zhì)積累量13.50 t/hm2左右、保持成穗數(shù)460萬(wàn)～490萬(wàn)/hm2是鄭麥9023在湖北地區(qū)獲得高產(chǎn)的關(guān)鍵，相應(yīng)的適宜播期為11月24日到11月初，適宜的種植密度為300萬(wàn)～375萬(wàn)/hm2。

關(guān)鍵詞：小麥；播期；密度；子粒產(chǎn)量

中圖分類號(hào)：S512.104 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：0439-8114（2015）13-3093-05

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2015.13.006

Effect of Sowing Date and Plant Density on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Flag Leaf， Dry Biomass Accumulation and Grain Yield of Zhengmai 9023

ZHENG Bao-qiang， WANG Xiao-yan， SUN Wei-nan

（Agricultural College / Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Education Ministry of the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Wetland， Yangtze University， Jingzhou 434025， Hubei， China）

Abstract： In order to increase the yield of wheat cultivar， Zhengmai 9023 in Hubei Province， the effects of sowing dates and planting densities on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf， dry biomass accumulation， grain yield and yield components were investigated. The results indicated that the average yield sown at October 11 decreased with the reduction of ears .Of all sowing dates， the average yield and final ear number sown at October 24 was the highest， besides， dry biomass accumulation of boot leaf was high. The average yield and final ear number sown at November 10 and 24 decreased by a large margin with the delay of sowing date. However， chlorophyll content of boot leaf increase faster from booting to flowering stage with the delay of sowing date. The most suitable planting density changes with sowing dates. The average yield sown at October 11 and 24 increased with enhancement of planting density. While the average yield sown at November 10 and 24 first increased and then decreased with enhancement of planting density. The influence of sowing date on grain yield components was bigger than that of planting density. Ears had the greatest impact on grain yield， followed by grains per ear and 1000-grain weight. In order to gain high yield of wheat Zhengmai 9023 in Hubei Province， it was key to keep dry biomass accumulation and final ears per hectare around 13.50t and 4 600～4 900 thousand per hectare， while the responding suitable sowing date respectively was from October to early November and planting density was 3 000～3 750 thousand seedlings per hectare.

Key words： wheat； sowing date； plant density； grain yield

收稿日期：2014-08-27

基金項(xiàng)目：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目（31101125，31371580）；農(nóng)業(yè)部公益性行業(yè)（農(nóng)業(yè)）科研專項(xiàng)（201203032）

作者簡(jiǎn)介：鄭寶強(qiáng)（1993-），男，遼寧海城人，在讀本科生，（電話）15090784954（電子信箱）2457469087@qq.com；通信作者，王小燕，副教授，博士，

（電子信箱）wamail_wang@163.com。