章宗年
【摘要】基礎(chǔ)教育新一輪改革正在進(jìn)行,新課標(biāo)、新課程要求教師轉(zhuǎn)變教學(xué)觀念,改革教學(xué)方法。本文作者借用一節(jié)閱讀課教學(xué)案例,從教材分析、教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)理念、教學(xué)目標(biāo)、教學(xué)方法、教學(xué)過(guò)程等方面進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)和分析,體現(xiàn)了新課程背景下的閱讀教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)的理念。
【關(guān)鍵詞】新課程 理念 內(nèi)化 輸入 輸出
【中圖分類號(hào)】G633.41 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A 【文章編號(hào)】2095-3089(2015)04-0095-02
一、教材分析
這節(jié)閱讀課是南京市學(xué)科帶頭人評(píng)選課堂教學(xué)考核實(shí)踐課,閱讀材料來(lái)源于外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社(外研社)出版的、由陳琳和 Simon Greenall主編的《高中英語(yǔ)教材》必修4 Module 3 Cultural Corner---Clapping。內(nèi)容是一篇關(guān)于“Clapping(鼓掌)”的閱讀文章。通過(guò)這節(jié)閱讀課的學(xué)習(xí),讓學(xué)生了解鼓掌原因、鼓掌的歷史、鼓掌的作用以及什么場(chǎng)合該鼓掌、什么場(chǎng)合不該鼓掌,最終讓學(xué)生明白鼓掌不是一種應(yīng)酬,而是一種民族文化風(fēng)俗的反映,不同民族,不同場(chǎng)合,鼓掌有不同的意義,從而使學(xué)生更好地了解中西方的文化差異,樹(shù)立學(xué)生的文化觀和培養(yǎng)學(xué)生跨文化的交際能力。
二、設(shè)計(jì)理念
根據(jù)高中英語(yǔ)新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn),結(jié)合英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的理論和實(shí)踐、當(dāng)前教學(xué)改革、課程改革的先進(jìn)理念和建構(gòu)主義的理論,本課主要采用任務(wù)型教學(xué)途徑,以學(xué)生為中心,著重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獲取信息、處理信息、分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力,以便達(dá)到培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)、合作學(xué)習(xí)和探究學(xué)習(xí),最大程度地優(yōu)化學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)方式,提高課堂學(xué)習(xí)的效率,形成有效的學(xué)習(xí)策略為目的。 “一切為了學(xué)生的發(fā)展”作為新課程的最高宗旨,體現(xiàn)了“學(xué)生主體”的原則。
三、教學(xué)目標(biāo)
1. 知識(shí)技能目標(biāo):
(1)The students will learn about the reasons of clapping、the history of clapping and the functions of clapping as well as the customs of clapping through reading.
(2)Students will improve their reading skills through reading activities.
2. 情感態(tài)度目標(biāo):
(1) By completing the tasks, the students will learn how to study individually, how to study cooperatively and how to study critically
(2) After reading reading the passage, students will be more familiar with clapping customs.
四、教學(xué)方法
1.Skimming to help students to get the general idea of the passage and some specific information;
2. Scanning to help students to get some detailed information;
3. Task-based reading activities to help students improve their skills of acquiring information and using information;
4. Communicative approach and discussion to improve students speaking and thinking.
五、教學(xué)過(guò)程
Step One Pre-reading activities
A. Brainstorming
Get Ss to talk about the following two questions:
1. Do you often clap your hands?
2. On what other occasions do you clap your hands and why?
B. Enjoy a short video based on clapping on different occasions and talk about the meanings of the clapping in the video:
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:激活學(xué)生已有的信息,使學(xué)生具備攝入新知識(shí)的心理定勢(shì);激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,營(yíng)造寬松和活躍的課堂氣氛,鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生積極參與課堂活動(dòng)。
Step Two While-reading activities
A. Skimming
1. Ask the students to read the passage fast and find out the occasions on which people clap and why.
2. Get the Ss to main idea of each paragraph.
Para 1: __________________(答案:The reasons for clapping)
Para 2: __________________(答案:The history of clapping)
Para 3: __________________(答案:The functions of clapping)
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:訓(xùn)練學(xué)生快速閱讀尋找有用信息,利用主題句理解段落大意,以便形成對(duì)課文內(nèi)容的初步理解和整體課文主要意思的理解,并指導(dǎo)學(xué)法。
B. Scanning
1. Get Ss to read the passage carefully again and do the task-based exercise.
Title:Clapping
The (1)_____ for clapping ◆To show we like something.
◆To express our (2)___________.
The history of clapping In classical Athens, applause meant judgment and (3)__________.
◆Clapping was of some (4) ________ to the judgment of a play.
◆Clapping meant that (5)__________ enjoyed the play and clapping was a kind of encouragement.
The (6) _____ of clapping ◆Applause shows that audience is part of the community and that actors and audience are (7)__________.
◆Clapping is (8)________. You dont very often clap alone.
◆Clapping is (9)_________. Clapping spreads very quickly.
◆Clapping at concerts and theatres is a universal habit.
◆People from different countries clap on different (10) ___________ and have different meanings.
(答案:1. Reasons 2. thanks 3. participation 4. help 5. audience 6. functions
7. equal 8. social 9. infectious 10. occasions )
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:使學(xué)生通過(guò)進(jìn)一步的閱讀,理解和掌握課文細(xì)節(jié),并訓(xùn)練學(xué)生獲取細(xì)節(jié)信息和表達(dá)信息的能力。
Step Three Post-reading activities
Discuss the following in pairs or groups:
1. Why do people in Britain clap at a wedding while people in Italy clap at a funeral?
2. On what occasions do people clap in China? And why?
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:通過(guò)討論,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生合作學(xué)習(xí)和探究學(xué)習(xí)的精神,同時(shí)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的思辨能力和口頭英語(yǔ)的表達(dá)能力,并為下一步的寫(xiě)作進(jìn)行鋪墊。
Step Four Writing
Write a short passage entitled “Clapping in China” in about 80 words.
設(shè)計(jì)意圖:通過(guò)寫(xiě)作,訓(xùn)練學(xué)生從已經(jīng)獲取的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和文化知識(shí)的儲(chǔ)備,運(yùn)用既學(xué)的知識(shí)去輸出語(yǔ)言,進(jìn)而內(nèi)化語(yǔ)言。
六、結(jié)語(yǔ)
本課閱讀教學(xué)采用任務(wù)型教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì),在完成任務(wù)的過(guò)程中充分地體現(xiàn)了新課改所倡導(dǎo)的學(xué)生“主體地位”的理念,運(yùn)用新課程背景下閱讀教學(xué)的新方法,培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生獲取信息、整合信息、處理信息的能力,發(fā)展了學(xué)生的自主學(xué)習(xí)、探究學(xué)習(xí)和合作學(xué)習(xí)的能力,同時(shí)還訓(xùn)練學(xué)生運(yùn)用既學(xué)的知識(shí)來(lái)內(nèi)化語(yǔ)言,達(dá)到輸出與輸入的一致性。
課題項(xiàng)目:
本文系南京市教育科學(xué)“十二五”規(guī)劃課題:《閱讀策略在提升學(xué)生英語(yǔ)閱讀能力中的價(jià)值研究》部分研究成果,項(xiàng)目編號(hào):(L/2013/146)